山东省高密市教科院高考英语二轮复习《名词性从句》学案.doc

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语名词性从句学案学习目标：1. 掌握主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句的用法；2. 辨别使用引导名词性从句的连接词； 3. 区分同位语从句和定语从句。高考考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2. 名词性从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4. 宾语从句的否定转移；5. whether和if的用法区别；6. what在名词性从句中的使用；7. who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；8. 连接词that的省略。【2012辽宁卷】34. the newcomer went to the library the other day and scarched for he could find about mark twain. a. wherever b. however c. whatever d. whichever【考点】连词用法。【答案】c【解析】介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever，选c项【2012四川卷】17. scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.a. when b. how c. that d. whether【答案】 b 【考点】本题考查名词性从句。【解析】句意为：科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意，故答案选b。【2012江西卷】25it suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. awhether bwhere cwhich d.that【答案】d【考点】考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。【解析】it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。【2012浙江卷】4.i made a promise to myself_this year, my first year in high school, would be different.a. whetherb. whatc. thatd. how【考点】名词性从句同位语从句【答案】c【解析】that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。【2012江苏卷】27.the notice came around two in the afternoon_the meeting would be postponed.a. whenb. thatc. whetherd. how【考点】名词性从句-同位语从句【答案】b【解析】句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类：1. 连词：that, whether, if不充当从句的任何成分。2. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whom, whose, etc.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。 3. 连接副词：when, where, how, why, etc.主语从句eg：how the book will sell depends on its author. that he is the best student in the class is obvious.下列情况下只用whether： 1. 引导主语从句并在句首 whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语从句 the question is whether hell come. 3. 从句作介词宾语 im not sure about whether well win.4. 从 句后有or not whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首有以下四种不同的结构a. it + be + 形容词 + that-从句it is necessary that 有必要it is important that 重要的是it is obvious that 很明显b. it + be + -ed分词 + that-从句it is believed that 人们相信it is known to all that 众所周知it has been decided that 已决定 c. it + be + 名词 + that-从句it is common knowledge that 是常识it is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是it is a fact that 事实是d. it + 不及物动词 + that-分句it appears that 似乎it happens that 碰巧it occurred to me that 我突然想起 表语从句需要注意的问题1. 表语从句可以用that, why, where, when, how, whether, what, who, which等词引导。2. 在that引导的表语从句中，that不能用which来替换。3. 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议”或者是“命令”之类的词, 如: advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用(should) + 动词原形。1) my suggestion is that we all _ (take) an active part in the coming sports meet. 2) his proposal was that the work _ (finish) in five hours. 宾语从句1. 作动词的宾语 she did not know what had happened. 动词 + 间接宾语 + 宾语从句 she told me that she would accept myinvitation.2. 作介词的宾语our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语i am afraid (that) ive made a mistake.that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, certain, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等4. it可以作为形式宾语she has made it clear that she will get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。i admire their winning the match. （right）i admire that they won the match. （wrong） 6. 有些动词不可用于“动词 + 间接宾语 + that从句”结构中。常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, advise等。he impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)he impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 同位语从句它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether等。注意:同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开the story goes that william tell killed the king with an arrow.word came that their team had won.同位语从句的简易判断方法：我们可以在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。the belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.the belief is that the earth is flat.巩固练习1. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007上海)a. that b. whatc. whether d. where2. _ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. (2007山东) a. this b. thatc. what d. it3. choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. (2007江苏)a. what b. whyc. how d. whether4. could i speak to _ is in charge of international sales, please? (2007山东)a. anyone b. someone c. whoever d. no matter who 5. the seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. (2007天津)a. what b. which c. how d. where6. he didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津) a. this b. that c. it d. these7. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春) a. what b. which c. whether d. that8. as his best friend, i can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. (2008上海) a. what b. which c. whom d. that9. the news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (2008上海春) a. which b. whether c. what d. that 10. it has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海) a. if b. because c. when d. that 11. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008浙江) a. anyone b. the one c. whoever d. who12. tomorrow is toms birthday. have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? (2008陕西)a. what b. which c. that d. where13. news came from the school office _ wang lin had been admitted to beijing university. (2009四川)a. which b. what c. that d. where14. the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009江西)a. what b. which c. that d. though 15. we should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009重庆)a. that b. when c. which d. where 16. many young people in the west are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision marriage almost entirely up to luck. (2009江苏)a. as b. that c. which d. what17. it is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. (2009上海)a. since b. what c. when d. whether18. at first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. (2009北京) a. when b. how c. why d. if 19. we havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国i) a. that b. which c. what d. where20. cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. no one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (2010湖南)a. where b. whether c. that d. why21. i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays. thats _ i dont agree. you should have a more active life. (2010江苏) a. where b. how c. when d. what22. one reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010上海)a. that b. how c. what d. why23. it is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江)a. that b. what c. how d. whether24. _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010北京) a. whether b. what c. that d. how25. weve offered her the job, but i dont know _ shell accept it. (2011山东) a. where b. whatc. whetherd. which26. the villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. (2011江西) a. thisb. thatc. whatd. which27. id like to start my own business thats _ id do if i had the money. (2011陕西) a. why b. when c. which d. what28. theshockin