山东省高密市教科院高三高考二轮复习英语《定语从句》学案.doc

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语定语从句学案定语从句在高考中的考查重点：1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别；2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别；4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；5. suchas与suchthat的区别；the sameas与the samethat的区别；6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查；7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略；8.含有插入语的定语从句；9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。高考例题：【2012山东卷】23. maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. a. them b. that c. which d. what【答案】【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。【2012福建卷】23. the air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.a. thatb. it c. as d. what 【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】c【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。【2012江苏卷】22.after the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.a. which b. who c. where d. what【考点】定语从句关系代词【答案】b【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选b项。【2012安徽卷】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.a. as b. it c. which d. this【答案】a【考点】考查定语从句。【2012江西卷】28by 16:30,_was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. 【答案】aawhichbwhen cwhatdthat【2012四川卷】13. in our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. 【答案】 c 【考点】本题考查定语从句。a. in whom b. in them c. of whom d. of them【解析】前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选c。【2012陕西卷】14. it is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. a. that b. wherec.whichd. what【答案】c 【2012北京卷】26. when deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. a. that b. which c. where d. when 【答案】 b【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。【2012全国ii】8. that evening, _ i will tell you more about later, i ended up working very late.a. that b. which c. what d. when【答案】b【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。【2012天津卷】 7.i wish to thank professor smith, without_help i would never have got this far.【b】 a.who b. whose c.whomd. which语法详解限定性定语从句一、引起限制性定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose；指代内容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语宾语作宾语可省which物主语宾语作宾语可省who人主语宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose（人、物）的定语不可省例句：1.the girl who spoke is my best friend. 2.the man whom i bought it from told me to oil it. 3.a mental patient is one whose mind is diseased. 4.it was an island whose name i have forgotten. 5.he that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. 6.it is a question that needs very careful thinking. 7.she was not in the train which arrived just now. 8.that is the house (which) we built.9.the documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 二、限制性定语从句还可以由关系副词where, when, why 引起。1.when 在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which。ill never forget the day when (=on which) i joined the league.1993 was the year when (=in which) he was born. there are times when such things are necessary. 2.where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词。相当于 “介词 + which”。this is the house where (=in which) i lived two years ago. where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case, condition, situation, instance等先行词。can you think of a situation where this word can be used?3.why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。she didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 注：如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语,宾语等时，则用that或which。非限定性定语从句1.能引起非限制性定语从句的关系代词主要 有: who, whom, whose, whichive invited lisa, who lives in the next flat.tom, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent. mr. green, for whom i was working, was very generous. the visitor, whose name was tom, was well pleased with the apartment.she gave me this sweater, which she had knitted herself. 注: (1) which, whom可以和 “of” 或其他介词连用：the buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning.his house, for which he paid $10,000, is now worth $50,000.george, with whom i played tennis on sundays, was fitter than me.(2) which 有时不代表一个名词，而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思：he said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.2. 关系副词 when 和 where也可引起非限制性定语从句。well put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会好点。that was in 1949, since when things have been better. 那时是1949年，从那以后情况就好些了。im off to the park, where i have to give a lecture on the theatre. 我要去公园，在那里我的做一个关于戏剧的报告。we went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the city. 我们爬上屋顶，从那儿可以很好地观看城市。3.as也可作关系代词，引起定语从句，主要和such连用：i never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这种故事。as作关系代词，还可以和same连用：you must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的尊敬。as有时候还可引起非限制性定语从句：he is absent, as is often the case.他缺席了，他经常这样。巩固练习1. stephen hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. (2010福建)a. thatb. where c. whichd. whose2. ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ i met in the english speech contest last year. (2010湖南)a. who b. where c. when d. which3. the girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. (2010江西)a. where b. who c. which d. what4. thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010山东)a. that b. which c. whose d. what5. wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. (2010山东)a. on which b. by which c. to which d. from which6. can you believe i had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? you should try the barbers _ i go. its only 15. (2010天津)a. as b. which c. where d. that7. after graduating from college, i took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川)a. that b. which c. when d. where8. as a child, jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010全国)a. which b. where c. what d. that9. the newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏)a. that b. it c. what d. which10. the old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陕西) a.where b. which c. its d. whose11. i refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全国ii)who b. that c. as d. what12. children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京)a.what b. whose c. which d. that 13.【2011全国卷i) 31】the prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. a. that b. which c. whose d. what14.【2011全国卷ii）7】ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a t-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. a. this b. that c. what d. which15.【2011北京卷）26】mary was much kinder to jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. a. whob. whichc. whatd. that16.【2011上海卷) 39】youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.a. whichb. wherec. whend. as17.【2011山东卷）32】the old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.a. they b. where c. what d. that18.【2011江西卷）34】she showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.a. for whichb. with whichc. of whichd. to which19.【2011江苏卷）24】between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.a. when b. where c. that d. which20.【2011安徽卷）28】whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.a. when b. which c. where d. while21.【2011浙江卷）8】english is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. a. which b. what c. them d. those22.【2011浙江卷）10】a bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begi