美国快餐文化和词汇大全.doc

美国快餐文化和词汇大全生活在美国(一)无所不在的快餐点 随着美国人生活节奏的加快，快餐食品便应运而生其快餐连锁店遍及世界各地，其中影响最大的当属麦当劳快餐连锁店供应的快餐食品有：汉堡包、烤牛肉、牛排、火腿、三明治、肯德鸡、油炸土豆片、烘馅饼、冰淇淋以及各种碳酸饮料等FastFood快餐食品Fast-foodchains，American-style，arecurrentlyontheincreaseallovertheworldMostoftheseplacesworkonasimilarprincipleThereisalongcounter，abovewhichisdisplayedalist（oftenwithpictures）oftheitemsavailable，andbehindwhichseveralpeople（oftenstudentsworkingfortheminimumwage）areservingIndividualqueuesforminfrontofeachassistantYoureceivewhatyouordermoreorlessimmediatelyandtakeitonatraytoatable，pickingupthinglikestraws（吸管），peper，salt，ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）andnapkins（usuallypapernapkins）onthewayIfyocantseeanyknivesandforks，thismeansyouaresupposedtoeatwithyourhandsIfyoucantseeanystraws，thatsbecausetheyarehidinginthestrawdispenser（分配器）thatyouhavetofiddle（拨弄）withthebottomofittogetastraw（oneatatime）toemergeWhenyouvefinished，youyourselfthrowawayeverythingexceptthetrayManyfast-foodplaceshavedrive-infacilitiesYouplaceyourorderfromyourcarvia（通过）amicrophoneandthendriveroundtoaspecialwindowtopayandpickitupYoumayevenencounterplaceswhereawaitressbringyourmealout，andyousitandeatitinthecarfromatrayhookedoverthedoorthroughtheopenwindowYoumaybeaskedifyourorderis“forhere”or“togo”（ietotakeaway）InsomestatesthereisnosalestaxonfoodconsumedTypesofFastFoodRestaurants快餐店的种类Themostwidespreadtypeoffast-foodrestaurantisthatservinghamburgers，suchasthechainsofMacDonaldAllthedifferentchainshavetheirownspecialtiesArbysrestaurantsservelargeroastbeef，hamandcheese，andturkey（火鸡）“sandwidhes”SomerestaurantchiansspecializeinservingsteaksquicklyandcheaplyAndthentheresKntuckyFriedChickenChips油炸土豆片ChipsinAmercisarecalled“Frenchfries”or“fries”forshort（NotethatintheUSA“chips”meancrisps）“Frenchfries”arenormallythinnerthanchipsAmerciansgenerallyputketchupontheirchips，andyouwillnotnormallyfindvigegar（醋）Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼TherearemanyspecialtypizzarestaurantsinAmerica，andmanyofthemtaketelephoneordersanddeliverpizzastoyourhome，whichcanoftenbeconvenientTheycomeindifferentsizes，andalargeonecanbebigenoughtforapartyoffourpeopleIfyouwantotshareapizzabutcantagreeontheingredients，itispossibletoordertwodifferentsetsoftoppings，onesetoneachhalfIce-Cream冰淇淋Shopssellinglargenumberofdifferentflavorsofice-creamareverycommoninAmericaIfyouarenotsurewhatflavoryouwant，generalyyoucansampleasmallspoonfulofaparticularflavortoseeifyoulikeitYoucaneitherhaveyourice-creamina“plaincone”（普通型锥形物）orina“sugarcone”（甜脆型锥形物）SoftDrinks软饮料Fast-foodrestaurantsdonotservealcoholThesoftdrinksmostoftensoldareCoca-ColaandPepsiCola，plusfizzydrinks（whicharelikeleminade）androotbeer（whichislikecoughmedicine）Fizzydrinksareknownas“carbonatedbeverages”（碳酸饮料）or，morecolloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“sodapop”，and“softdrinks”AllthesedrinkscomewihtlostoficeInfact，yuwillprobablyfindasmuchiceasdrinkinyourdrinkIfyouaskfoasoftdrinkwithoutice，theywillthinkyuarefunnybutwillprobablyoblige（Theymaychargeyouabitextra，foiceischeaperthanCoke）生活在美国(二)美国人的用餐习惯美国人吃饭用刀叉，而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此，在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时，应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下，餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉，外边的餐叉供你吃色拉，里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品，餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用，应左手握叉，右手握刀，而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有：炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。EatingCustomandPractice用餐习惯Americaneatingisfunny.Theyeatalmosteverythingwithafork,anditappearsthatholdingaknifeinonesrighthandlongerthanafewsecondsisconsideredtobeagainstgoodtablemanners.Thesystemisthatifitisabsolutelynecessarytouseaknife,peopletaketheforkintheirlefthand,andcutoffapieceofmeatorwhateveritisinthenormalmanner.Thentheyputtheknifedown,transfertheforktotheirrighthand,andonlythendotheytransportthefoodtotheirmouth.Thisisclearlyludicrous(滑稽可笑),butitisconsideredgoodmanners.Thereareseveralresultsofthissystem.First,ifitisnotabsolutelynecessarytouseaknife,Americansdontuseone,becauseobviouslythisgreatlycomplicates(使复杂化)things,andyouwillthereforeseethemtryingtocutthingslikepotatoes,fishandevenbacon(熏猪肉)withafork.Second,towardstheendofacourse,sinceonlyoneimplement(器具)isbeingused,foodhastobochasedaroundtheplatewiththeforkandforthelastmouthfulthethumbhastobeusedtokeepthefoodinplace,althoughoneisnotsupposedtodothis.Third,tablesaregenerallylaidwithoneknifeandtwoforks,theoutsideforkbeingforthesalad.ThereisnoneedforforeignvisitorstofollowtheAmericansystemandtrytoeatthesaladwithonlyafork,butifyoudouseyourknife,remerbertosaveitforthemeatcourse.Evendesserts(甜食)(excepticecream)areeatenwithaforkifatallpossible,andthespoonyouseebyyourdessertismeanttobeforcoffee(butifyouuseitforyourdessertnoonewillsayanything).SomeBreakfastDishes早餐食谱Breakfastinarestaurantisaveryenjoyableexperience.Ifyouordereggsinarestaurant,thewaiter/waitresswillaskyouhowyouwantthem.Youcanreplythatyouwantthemscrambled(炒)orboiled.Itisnotsufficient,however,toaskforthemfried;youwillhavetospecifywhetheryouwouldpreferthemsunny-side-up(煎一面),over(两面煎),over-easy/easy-over(两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状).Americansausage(香肠)comesinslicesandisquitespicy.Butyoucanalsohavelinksausage.Americanbaconcomesinsmallstrips,canberatherfat,andisservedcrispy.Itisusuallyverytasty,andyoucaneatitwithyourfingers.Hashbrows(油炸土豆片)areshredded(切成碎片的)andfriedpotatoes.Theyarewonderful,especiallywithfriedeggsandketchup(蕃茄酱).Pancakes,sometimescalledhotcakes,aremadewithbakingpower.Theyarenormallyservedinapile,andyouaresupposedtoputbutterandsyrup(果浆)onthem.Jelly(果子冻)isjamandincludesgrapejelly,whichisverytasty.Toastisoftenservedalreadybuttered.Englishmuffins(松饼)arelikesmallcrumpets(烤饼)withouttheholesandareservedtoasted.Youputjamonthem.Abiscuit(软饼)isasnall,scone-likebreadroll,oftenservedhot.Orangejuiceandcoffeeareoftensercedwithbreakfast.生活在美国(三)美国人的主食 美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒，但在加利福尼亚州，人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前，一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品，牛排、猪排和鸡（腿）为主食，龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点，如有吃剩的食物，一定要打包带回家，以免浪费。Cocktail鸡尾酒ItisquiteusualtodrinkcocktailsbeforelunchanddinnerinAmericaandsomewhatlessusual,exceptinCalifornia,todrinkwinewithameal.Youcaneitherhaveacocktailinthebar,ifthereisone,whileyouwaitforatableorforfriends,oryoucanhaveoneservedbeforeyourdinnercomes.Atsomerestaurantsthewaiter/waitresswillcometoyourtableassoonasyousitdowntoaskifyouwantacocktail,andyoucanthendrinkthiswhiledecidingwhattoordertoeat.Atothers,theremaybeaseparatecocktailwaiterorwaitress.Inthiscase,youdonotnormallyorderwinefromhimorherbutfromthenormalwaiter-orthewinewaiteristhereisone.DonothesitatetoorderCalifornianwines.Theycanbeexcellentandinmanypartsofthecountryarecheap.Salad色拉Itisusualtohaveasaladwithyourmeal,andaseparateplateisprovidedforthispurpose.ThenormalpracticeinAmericaistoeatthesaladbeforethemaincourse.AwonderfulAmericaninventionisthesaladbar.Inrestaurantsthathavethesesaladbarsthewaiterdoesnotbringyoursalad.Yougotothesaladbarandhelpyourself,usuallytoasmuchasyouwant.Thisisnormallydoneafteryouhaveorderedyourmeal;youeatthesaladwhilethemaincourseisbeingcooked.ChoosingfromtheMenu选菜Americanmenuscanlookratherconfusingatfirstsight,fortheymayusesometermswhichareunfamiliartomostvistors.Herearesomepointswhichmaybeuseful.Friedmushrooms,friedonionrings(洋葱圈)andfriedzucchini(小胡瓜)aresometimesservedasstarters(第一道菜).PotatoesmostoftencomeFrench-friedorbaked.Ifyouorderabakedpotato,thewaiterwillaskyouwhatyouwantonit.Thechoiceisbutterand/orsourcreamandsometimeschives(细香葱).Veryoftenvegetablesdonotcomeautomaticallywiththemeal,andyouhavetopayextraforthem.Scrod(小鳕鱼),redsnapper(啮龟)andmahihahiareallnameoffish.Seafoodmeanslobster(龙虾),shellfishandfish,including,funnilyenough,freshwaterfish!Prawns(对虾)areknownasshrimp.Americanbeefisusuallygoodandoftenwonderful.Americansaltandpepper(糊椒粉)potsareconfusinguntilyourealizethatthesaltpotmaylooklikeapepperpotexceptthatthesaltpotsholesarebigger.Pepperisnormallyblackratherthanwhite.Americanmustard(芥末)ismildandnormallyeatenwithhotdogsorhamburgersratherthanmeat.Andthatstuffinadishthatlooksicecreamisactuallywhipped(搅拌过的)butter.Leftovers吃剩的食物YouhaveprobablyheardthatinAmericanrestaurants,ifyoucantfinishyourmeal,youcanputtheremainsinadoggybagandtakethemhome.Thisisquitetrue.Ifyouleavesomemeat,inparticular,yourwaitermayaskyouifyoudlikehimtoputitintoalittlebag,oryoucanaskhimtodothis.生活在美国(四)美国用餐常识中国菜着重色、香、味，西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下事项：1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：30开门营业，直到夜晚）；3）一般都应事先预订餐位：4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的10%15%）。EatingoutisoneofthejoyofbeingintheUSA.Thefoodisusuallygoodandoftenexcellent;thepricesarereasonable;andtheserviceismostlyfine.ChoosingaRestaurant选择餐馆Somerestaurantsareopenforbreakfast;othersareopentwenty-fourhoursaday.Anumberofrestaurantscallthemselvesfamilyrestaurants.Manyoftheseservenoalcoholandhavefairlyrestrictedmenuswhichincludesteaks,hamburgers,omelettes(炒蛋)andsandwiches,andallareatveryreasonableprices.Theymayalsoservesmallerandcheaperchildrensportios(份餐).NotethatmanyAmericanrestaurantsarespeciatlyrestaurants.Theymayserveonly,ormainly,steaks,seafood,etc.WhentoEat供餐时间Manyrestaurants,especiallythemoreexpensiveones,openatabout11：30a.m.(midday,ratherthan1p.m.,isthemostnormaltimeforlunchintheUSA),andsomeremainopenuntiltheevening,soitispossibletoorderamealthroughouttheafternoon.Inmanyareasitisusualforpeopletoleaveworkandgooutforaneveningmealat5p.m.or6p.m.,thanwaitinguntillater.ReservingaTable预订餐位EatingoutisratherpopularintheUSA.Anditisoftennecessarytomakeareservation.Youwillsometimesseeshortqueuesofpeoplewaitingfortablesatrestaurants-itsmorepleasanttowaitinthebar,ofcourse,ifthereisone-buttherequeuesmorequickly.ArrivingatRestaurant到达餐馆Whenyouarriveatmostrestaurant,youshouldnotjustgoinandsitdown-unlessyouseeasignsayingPleaseseatyourself.Usuallyyouwillhavetowaitforahostessorcaptain(领班)toescort(陪同)youtoatable.OftentherewillbeasignthatreadsPleasewaittobeseated.Donotexpecttoshareatablewithotherparties,eveniftherestaurantiscrowed.Itjustisntdone.Manyrestauranthaveano-smokingsection,insomeplacebylows.OneexcellentAmericancustomisthatafteryouhavesatdownyourwaiterorwaitresswilloftenbringyouaglassorwater(withicenaturally)andwillkeeponrefillingitthroughoutthemeal.(MostAmericanareincapableofeatingamealwithoutdrinkingsomethingatthesametime.)Whenyourwaiterorwaitresstakesyourorder,itisnotverynormalforonepersontoorderforthewholetable.Eachpersonordersseparately,exceptinthemostexpensiverestaurants.Summoningawaiter召唤侍者Youmayfindyourwaiterunusuallyfriendly.Hemayaskyouhowyouare(YouresupposedjusttosayFine),inquirewhetheryouhaveagooddayand,lateronsaythathehopesyouwillenjoyyourmeal.TosummonawaiterinaAmericanrestaurantyoumaycallBill,orMary,orClaude,orwhatever.Waitersandwaitressesoftenactuallyintroducethemselveswhentheyfirstcometoyourtableorwearnametags,youarepermittedtousetheirfirstnames.PayingtheBill付款Thebill(oftencalledthecheck)comesusuallywithtaxaddedbutnoservicechare-thoughsomerestaurantdonowaddaservicecharge.Theetiquette(规矩)bookssaythatyoushouldleaveatenpercenttip(小费)forlunch,fifteenpercentfordinner.Thetipshouldbecalculatedonthebasisofthetotalbeforetheadditionoftax.Atmanyrestaurantyoucanaskthewaitertobringthebillandthanpayatacashdeskonthewayout.生活在美国(五)在美国租车在美国租车旅行既节省开支，又方便舒适，更是浪漫刺激。驾车旅行必须严格遵守交通规则：系上安全带；按交通灯指示行驶；如遇校车（一律为黄色）停下接送学生，双向行驶的所有车辆必须停止；按规定车速驾驶，车在高速公路上行驶时，其最低时速为40英里，最高时速只能在65英里左右，市内时速一般在25至35英里之间。停车也有许多限制，千万记住：绝不能将车停在消防龙头的前面。RentalCarsItcostssurprisinglylittletorentacarintheUnitedStates.YoudonotneedaninternationalorAmericandriverslicense（执照）torentacar;youcanuseyournationallicenseinmostcases.Whenyourentacar,wesuggestgettingaratewithunlimitedmileage(无里程限制),youpayafixedrateperdayandcandriveasmanymilesasyouwish.Comparethecompanysrates-youmayfindinterestingholidayorweekendrates,orinternationalwisitorrates.MostAmericansdriveandrentcarswithautomatictransmission(自动变速),meaningyoudonthavetochangegears(挡)manually.Notethat,surprisinglyenough,somecarrentalcompanieswillnotacceptcash-youneedacreditcard.(Theycanthentraceyouifyouvestolenordamagedthecar.)Itisvevyoftenpossibletogetaone-wayrental:yourentacarinoneplaceandleaveitinanother.Thiscanbeextremelyconvenient,althoughitisnormalllymoreexpensive.Pricesmayvaryaccordingtowhattimeoftheweekitis,aswellwhethermileage(里程)isincludedornot.Itisworthwilecheckingarounddifferentfirmstoseewhichhasthebestarangemetnsforyouparticularplans.ChoosingYourCarAmeericancarsaregenerallymuchlargerandheavierthanJapanesecars,althoughthereisnowabigincreaseintheproductionofsmallercars.Thelargercarsareextremelycomfortableandrelaxingtodrive,buttheydonotgenerallyhandleorcorneraswellassmallrcars.Besides,theyconsume(消耗)largeamountofgasoline(汽油).ForlargerAmericancarstermssuchaseconomy,mid-sizeandluxuryareused.Ifyouareanxiousaboutchanginggearwiththewronghand,itisagoodideatochooseandautomatic,evenifyouaremorefamiliarwithagearlever.ittakesnotimetoadaptto(适应)automatictransmission.AmericanRoadsInsomerespectsAmericanroadsareagooddealbetterthanthoseinmanyothercountries.Theyare,forinstance,generallymuchwiderandstraighter.DrivingontheRightWhendriving,youshouldalwaysdriveontherightsideoftheroad.Youwillhavetorememberthatthemirror,handbrakeandgearleverareallonyourright,andthatyoushouldlookoveryourightshoulderwhenreversing(倒车).RulesoftheRoadYouwilllearntheseifyougetadriverslicense.Drivingrulesandcustomsvaryfromstatetostate,butthesearesomegeneralrespectsinwhichtheydifferfromthoseinothercountries.TrafficlightsAmericantrafficlightsgogreen-amber(琥珀色)-red-green.Inmostcities,youcanmakearight-handturnataredtrafficlightafteryouhavestoppedandverified(证实)thatyoucanentertrafficsafely.Therearesomeplaces,likeNewYorkCity,whereyoucannotmakeright-handturnsonred.Youmustalsogivewaytopedestrianscrossingatlights.Americanhasfour-waystopinsteadofround-about(环形路).Afour-waystopisnotatrafficlight.itisindicatedbyaspecialstopsignthaysays4-waybeneathit.Allcarsmuststopcompletelyatafour-waystopbeforetheycontinuethroughttheintersection(十字街口).Thecarthatreachestheintersectionfirstisthefirstonetoleave(first-in,first-outforthecomputerscientistsoutthere).Iftwoormorecarsarriveratthesametime,theoneontherightleavesfirst.Ifyoucarsarriveatthesametime,thebravestleavesfirst!SeatBeltsThewearingofseatbeltsisnownotcompulsory(强制的)intheUSA,butitisinsomeofthestates.Youshouldalsobearinmindthatsomeinsurancecompanieswillnotcoveryouforinjuriesifyouarenotwearingone.SchoolBusesBecauseoftheinadequacyofpublictransportsystemsintheUSA,mostareashaespecialschoolbues(whichtakechildrentoandfromschoollonceaday,fivedaysaweek,anddonothingatallformostoftherestofthetime).Theseareusuallypaintedyellow.Whentheystoptotakeonordropoffchildrentheydisplayflashingredlights,anditisthenillegal(非法的)topassthebus,evenifyouaregoingintheoppositedirectionontheothersideoftheroad.Alltrafficmuststop.ThePoliceIfapolicemaninapolicecarwantsyoutostop,hewillnotovertake(超过)youandstopyoufrominfront.Insteadhewilldrive