重点关注的同义词.doc

重点关注的同义词Subject object mean means 市面上的同义词区分没有任何作用，因为考研根本不可能把同一意义的所有单词列在一起让考生选择。比如 看 look watch peer peep stare glare glance skim scan glimpse insight gaze 这一组所谓同义词中真正考的就glimpse, insight, peer三个词而已还有些所谓同义词压根就没考过award、reward还有些词永远也不会考beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer其实，每年真题完形和阅读中，难倒考生的就是那些翻来覆去考的几个单词1、abide, adhere, conform, comply这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。2、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further 失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。3、accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言4、access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。5、accommodate, afford, furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。6、accuse, charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。7、acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure 这一组动词都有获得，取得的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调一经获得就会长期持有的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。secure v.得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为安全的。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。8、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有调整、改变的意思。adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有控制之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。9、aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有加强的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨10、alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有减少，减轻的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。11、ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 这一组形容词都有模糊的意思。ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。12、applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap ones hand=applaud,不能说applaud ones hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。13、blame, condemn, reproach, scold这一组动词都有责怪的意思。其实，要考的只有一个单词reproach(apporach)blame v.责怪，把归咎于。You cant blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。reproach v. (书面语)责备，表示不满。His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂，训斥。14、certify, rectify, testify, verify这是一组形近易混词。certify v.证明，声称是真的。He certified it was his wifes handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明。He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。I verified the stores address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。15、considerable, considerate这是一对形近易混的形容词。considerable a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。16、credible, credulous, plausible这一组形容词都有可信的意思。出现频率最高在阅读理解中充当所有作者的态度词。credible a.可信的，可靠的。That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。17、deduce, induce, reduce这是一组形近易混词。答案往往是inducededuce v.推断，推理，演绎。My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推断她生气了。induce v.引诱，劝；引起，导致。We couldnt induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。reduce v.减轻，减小；降低。He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。18、eminent, imminent这是一组形近易混词。eminent a.著名的，卓越的，接触的。He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。imminent a.即将发生的，迫在眉睫的，临近的。The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近，所以我们必须发放请柬了。19、hospitality, hostility这是一组形近易混词。hospitality n.热情招待，殷勤好客。We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了我们，使我们过得很愉快。hostility n.来自与形容词hostile(不友善的，敌对的)，敌意，对抗。You can feel the hostility coming from that man.你可以感觉到那个人的敌意。20、hypercritical, hypocritical这一组词常出现在阅读理解的态度判断题中hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的，批评苛刻的。He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻，对于学生的每个错误都要纠正。hypocritical a.虚伪的，伪善的。hypocritical behaviour伪善的行为21、imitate, intimate, intimidate这是一组形近易混词。imitate v.模仿，仿效；复制，仿造。The boy imita