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现在完成时（一）概念1过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 (二) 动词构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词现在完成时的句子结构：肯定句形式： 主语+ have/has+v过去分词+其它否定句形式： 主语+havent /hasnt+动词的过去分词+其它 。一般疑问句形式： Have / Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其它?（三）动词的过去分词变化规则（和动词过去式变化规则相同）1.规则动词（和动词过去式变化规则相同）eg. finish-finishedfinished live-lived-livedcarry-carriedcarried stopstopped-stopped2.不规则动词（靠死记）eg. gowentgone see-sawseen forgetforgot-forgotten（四）常见的标志词1 ever(曾经), never（从没）, yet （用于否定句中表“还”，用于一般疑问句中表“已经”）, already （已经）（肯定句变一般疑问句时，already要变为yet） , recently （近来） , in recent years （近年来）, in the past two years （在过去两年里） , just （刚） , for +一段时间 （多久） 如：for five years 五年 , since+时间 （自从.以来）如：since 1992 自从1992年以来 , since+一般过去时句子（自从）如： since he left chongqing 自从他离开重庆 Eg: 1.Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾经去过香港吗？ 2.Ive never traveled by air. 我从未乘飞机去旅行过3.I have already written to her. 我已经给她写信了。 4.She hasnt come back yet. 他还没回来。 5. Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成作业了吗？ 6.They have just sent me a card.他们刚给我送了一张卡片。7.China has great changed in the past 20 years .中国在过去20 年发生很大的变化。8. Kangkang has lived here for 3 years. 康康在这儿住了三年9.Kangkang has lived here since 3 years ago.康康自从三年前就住在这 10. Kangkang has lived here since he came to China。康康自从来到中国就住在这儿。(五)特别注意：1. just （刚 ） 是现在完成时的标志词 just now （ 刚才） 是一般过去时的标志词2. in the past + 一段时间 （在过去多少年里） 是现在完成时的标志词 in the past （在过去 ） 是一般过去时的标志词3. 1) for +一段时间 for two weeks/ for three years2) since + 过去的某一时刻 since two years ago /since 1995 / since last month 3)since + 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since she left/since we visited him4)for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间对for和since所引导的线部分提问都用How longEg:1.He has been away for a week.How long has he been away?2.He has been away since last week.How long has he been away?3.Kangkang has lived here since he came to China。How long has kangkang lived here ?4与表示过去的具体时间连用（last +时间名词, 一段时间+ago, yesterday, in 1985 , just now, in the past 等）的词只能用一般过去时。注: 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last year,in 1980,three days ago, just now, when I came in等连用，5”when”引导的疑问句不能用现在完成时,只能用其他时态，根据语境判断用一般现在时、一般将来时或一般过去时等Eg: 1. Have you finished your homework yet ? Yes , I c last night .(是一般过去时的标志词)A. finish B. have finished C. finished D. would finish 2.When D in Beijing ?He has lived there for ten years . A.does he live B. has he lived C. will he live D. did he live （六）.区分短暂性动词与持续性动词. 1) 英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是短暂性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work,read,write,study等,短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：borrow, begin, leave, come, go, buy, die,join 等。表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词不能与for + 一段时间 , since +时间, since +一般过去时句子, how long 连用.I have bought this pen for two months. （错）I have had this pen for two months. （对）How long have you borrowed this pen? （错）How long have you kept this pen? （对）The play has begun for an hour. （错）The play has been on for an hour. （对）2)短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词. 常见转换如下：(划线的必须记) 主要用于单项选择和同义句转换短暂性动词原形 短暂性动词过去式 转化为延续动词的现在完成形式buy have (bought- have/has had) 买 borrowkeep (borrowed-have/has kept) 借进 diebe dead (died-have/has been dead ) 死 finish be over (finished-have/has been over ) 结束 beginbe on ( begun -have/has been on ) 开始 leavebe away（from） (left-have/has been away (from) )离开 close be closed (closed-have/has been closed ) 关 open be open (opened-have/has been open )开join the army be a soldier ( joined the army -have/has been a solider/ have/has been in the army) 加入军队Join the Party be a Party member (joined the party -have/has been a party member)参加晚会come/go /becomebe (came /went /became-have/has been) 来/去/成为 go to school be a student (went to school -have/has been a student/ have/has been in school)去上学marry be married （married-have/has been married）结婚come back - be back, (came back-have/has been back )回来catch(get) a cold have a cold (caught a cold-have/has been a cold) 患感冒arrive/get/go/come here-be here (arrived/got/went/came here-have/has been here )到达/去/来 这里eg:1. How long C the book ?A. have you bought B. have you borrowed C. have you kept D.did you buy2.He C Beijing for three days .A.has arrived in B. has gone to C. has been in D.has left3.The dog D since two weeks ago . A. died B.has died C. dies D.has been dead同义句转换。4.1）We left shanghai last year .We have away from shanghai for a year .2）The movie begun two hours ago .The movie has been on since two hours ago .3）He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago 4）I borrowed the book a week ago.I have kept the book for a week .5）We bought the book three years ago. We have had the book for three years. 6.重点句型的相互转换:以下六种句子可相互转换It is + 段时间+ since 从句 = It has been + 段时间 + since 从句 =一段时间 + has passed + since 从句eg. 他死了两年了：He died two years ago.=He has been dead for two years =He has been dead since two years ago =It is two years since he died.=It has been two years since he died.=Two years has passed since he died.(七)练习改错1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5 years.4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? 6. Ten years have passed since they got married.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice10, The dog has died for a month.改写句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4. He has had the bike for two years. Its two years _he _ the bike. He _ the bike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the bike用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He_ (go) to America last year.2.-What _ you _(do)? -I _ (be) a teacher.3. When you (have ) an English party in 2004?4.He (not have) his supper yet.5.We (leave) Beijing for two days .6.Joans mother often _ at four, now she _(cook)7.He _(read) a book when the accident_(happen).8.she (buy ) three months ago .9.They (wait) outside since they arrived here .10.How long the meeting (begin) ? 选择：1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A.