高三英语语法讲解 专题4 动词的语气.doc

一.概念语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.要点精讲1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别if he has time, he will go with us.= probably he has time and will go with us.if he had time, he would go with us.=but in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1. 行为动词用did 形式2. be动词用wereshouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 与过去的事实相反had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形shouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1)0if i had received the passport yesterday, i would start today.2)if he had telephoned me last night, i would see him now.3)if he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4)if china had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时表示与wish同时发生动词用过去时be动词用were过去时表示在wish之前发生的动作动词用had donebe用had been将来时表示在wish之后发生的动作动词用would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1)i wish i knew the key to the answer.2)i wish i were ten years younger.3)i wish that i had gone to the football match last week.4)i wish that you had been here yesterday.5)he wishes that we would visit the old school.三.即学即练1. if there were no subjunctive mood, english _ much easier.a. will be b. would have beenc. could have been d. would be2. if i _ you, id join the army.a. amb. wasc. wered. would be3. if he _ tomorrow, he would find mr wang in the office.a. comesb. will comec. should comed. come4. if it _ next week , the crops would be saved.a. rainsb. will rainsc. would raind. should rain5. if i _ it, i would do it in a different way.a. were to dob. doc. had doned. was to do6. supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ?10. if he _ it, he _ it.a. had seen; could have believedb. saw; couldnt believec. saw; couldnt have believedd. has seen; had believed11. do you think the thief entered through the window?no, if he had, i dont believe, _ broken the living-rooms window.a. he would haveb. he must havec. he hadd. should he have12. did you go swimming last sunday?no. we would have gone _ nicer.a. if the weather wasb. would the weather have beenc. had the weather beend. should the weather be13. _ it _ for your help, i couldnt have made any progress.a. had; not beenb. should; not beenc. did; not beend. not; b