山西省太原市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练（2）.doc

山西太原市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（2）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。for decades, public health officials have puzzled over a surprising fact about hiv: only about 10-20 percent of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers catch the virus. tests show, though, that hiv is indeed present in breast milk, so these children are exposed to the virus multiple times daily for the first several months of their lives.now, a group of scientists and doctors from duke university has figured outwhy these babies dont get infected. human breast milk naturally contains a protein calledtenascin cthat neutralizes hiv and, in most cases, prevents it from being passed from mother to child. eventually, they say, the protein could potentially be valuable as an hiv-fighting tool for both infants and adults that are either hiv-positive or at risk of contracting the infection.the research, published inproceedings of the national academy of sciences, was inspired byprevious workby other researchers showing that, both in tissue cultures (组织培养) and live mice, breast milk fromhiv-negativemothers was naturallyendowed withhiv-fighting properties. scientists suggested that a few different proteins in the milk could potentially be responsible, but no one knew which one.as part of the study, the researchers divided breast milk into smaller fractions (部分) made up of specific proteins via a number of filters (过滤) separating the proteins by size, electrical charge and othercharacteristicsand tested which of these fractions, when added to a tissue culture, prevented the cells from being infected by hiv. eventually, theyfound that one particular protein was present in all the hiv-resistant fractions but in none of the others: tenascin c.tenascin c works by blocking a key protein onhivs envelopethat normally ties up to a receptor on a t cells membrane called ccr5. in doing so, tenascin c prevents hiv from mixing with the t cell and injecting its rna inside.still, the researchers say that other natural elements in milk might play a role in fighting hiv as well. “its clearly not the whole story, because we do have samples that have low amounts of this protein but still have hiv-neutralizing activity,” the studys lead author permar says.“so it may be actingin concert withother antiviral and antimicrobial factors in the milk.”whatever those other factors are, though, the finding vindicates (证明的正确) recent changes toun guidelinesthatrecommend even hiv-positive mothers in resource-poor countries should breastfeed, if theyre taking anti-retroviral drugs to combat their own infection.the next steps, permar says, are determining which area of tenascin c is active and whether it can effectively prevent transmission in a live animal. if it works, it could potentially beincorporated(合并) into an hiv drug with broader applications. its evenpossiblethat it could someday be adapted to reduce the risk of hiv transmission in adults as well as infants.63. what is the main idea of paragraph 1?a. the breast milk from an infected mother doesnt contain hiv at all.b. its less likely for infants feeding on infected mothers breast milk to catch hiv.c. the possibilities of infants catching hiv have nothing to do with infected mothers.d. children breastfed by infected mothers wont catch hiv though exposed to it frequently.64. why did the researchers divide breast milk into smaller fractions?a. to find out tenascin c.b. to make up specific proteins.c. to add them to a tissue culture.d. to test what prevents cells being infected.65. which of the following about tenascin c is true?a. it has become an effective tool in fighting hiv.b. it was first found by permar and her research group.c. it can prevent transmission in a live animal effectively.d. it can sometimes prevent mother-to-child transmission of hiv.66. what can we know about permar and her research group according to the passage?a. they have found a cure for hiv.b. they have helped changeun guidelines.c. they will do more researches on tenascin c.d. their finding is based on their previous work.【参考答案】63. b64. d65. d 66. c【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。he leant down to the pickpocket. the heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness.“thats better,” mallon said. “can you stand up? try to stand up. here,” he said, and gripped the pickpockets arm and forced him upright until he saw his face for the first time. as the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at mallon with his dark eyes.“how could you?”they asked.mallon might have said, “because you tried to steal from me.” but he was still conscious of the flush of joy hed felt when his blow struck home when he knew hed hurt the man. where that joy came from he couldnt say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft.fat drops of rain began to patter on theawning(雨篷).“how are you?” mallon said. “can you walk?” the pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window with both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. a gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. when the pickpocket ignored her, she rapped harder and kept rapping.“i have to go,” mallon said. “im sorry.” he looked up at the sky. “im sorry,” he said again, and stepped into the rain and walked quickly up the street.one of the bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the corner, and mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. he didnt want to look back but did. it was the woman from the shop, pushing and batting the pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the last seconds of a round. mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the bangladeshi had opened for him.the pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in the rain. the woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest.“excuse me, madam,” mallon said, coming up to them. “this man isnt well. he needs to rest a moment.”“i know these people,” she said. “our romans dont want them here.”the rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpockets shinyscalpand face, down his leather jacket.“here,” mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again. mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella. “go on take it!” he said. and finally, with a beaten, unwilling look, the pickpocket did.and that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a light glowing on its roof. mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sendinga lot ofwater over his shoes. he opened the door but couldnt help looking back. the pickpocket had lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was leaning on theshaft, head low, neck bared to the sky.“wait,” mallon said to the driver. he went back and grabbed the pickpockets sleeve and pulled him to the cab. “get in,” mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. he leaned inside. “o.k., where do you live?”“no gypsies!” the driver said. he was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket.“gypsy? look, hes not well. ill pay,” mallon added.the driver shook his head. “no gypsies. get him out,”mallon looked at the drivers nameplate: michele kadare. “its the law,” he said, “if you dont take us, signor kadare, ill report you and youll lose your license. believe me i am quite serious.”the driver fastened those pale eyes on mallon and turned and put his hands on the steering wheel. he raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and mallon exchanged stares.“o.k., mr. american,” he said. “you pay.”67. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicate?a. mallon shouldnt have saved the pickpocket.b. the pickpocket didnt thank mallon for his offer.c. the pickpocket blamed mallon for his failure to steal.d. mallon must have beaten the pickpocket before helping him.68. where should the sentence “he hesitated, then turned back.” be placed?a. between paragraphs 5 and 6.b. between paragraphs 6 and 7.c. between paragraphs 7 and 8.d. between paragraphs 8 and 9.69. from the attitudes of the woman and the driver towards the pickpocket, we can conclude that _.a. the gypsies had a bad reputation in romeb. the pickpocket frequently stole around the womans storec. everyone was protected by the law in rome except the gypsiesd. the pickpocket couldnt purchase anything in the womans store70. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. the taxi didnt take the pickpocket to his house in the end.b. the pickpocket succeeded in stealing something from mallon.c. the pickpocket was a little suspicious of mallons intention to help him.d. the umbrella seller gave an umbrella to mallon free of charge.【参考答案】67. b68. c69. a70. c阅读理解。 psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child raisingolder parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. but raising kids takes money and energy. many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents biggest, and often unspoken, fear. having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring much later.” for many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream. henry metcalf a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. but hes also worried that his energy will give out first. sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but hes learned that young at heart doesnt mean young. lately hes been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. “my body is aging,” says metcalf. “you cant get away from that.” often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “they worry theyll be mistaken for grandparents, or that theyll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says joann galst, a new york psychologist. but at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they wont be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says. many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. after marrying late and undergoing years of fertilily (受孕) treatment, marilyn nolen and her husband, randy, had twins. “we both wanted children,” says marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. the twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.” kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. “the dads are older, more mature,” says dr. silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.” 68. what does the author mean by saying “for many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream”（paragraph 1）? a. they are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age. b. they cant obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of. c. they cant get full pension unless they work some extra years. d. they have to go on working beyond their retirement age. 69. the author gives the example of henry metcalf to show that _ . a. older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children b. many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age c. older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies d. taking afternoon naps is a good way to regain energy 70. whats the biggest fear of older parents according to new york psychologist joan galst? a. approaching of death. b. slowing down of their pace of life.c. being laughed at by other people. d. being mistaken for grandparents. 【参考答案】6870 dca阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。as any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. sociologist michael lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more. the study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings. lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “middle children are invisible,” says lewis. “when you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are that its the middle child. ” there is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “when the tv is on,” lewis says, “dinner is a non-event. ”26. the writers purpose in writing the text is to _. a. show the relationship between parents and childrenb. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tablec. report on the findings of a studyd. give information about family problems27. parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because_. a. they are busy serving food to their childrenb. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tablec. they have to pay more attention to younger childrend. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family28. by saying “middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, lewis means that middle children_. a. have to help their parents to serve dinnerb. get the least attention from the familyc. are often kept away from the dinner tabled. find it hard to keep up with other children29. lewis research provides an answer to the question_. a. why tv is important in family lifeb. why parents should keep good orderc. why children in small families seem to be quieterd. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life30. which of the following statements would the writer agree to?a. it is important to have the right food for children. b. it is a good idea to have the tv on during dinner. c. parents should talk to each of their children frequently. d. elder children should help the younger ones at dinner【参考答案】2630 cbbdc 阅读理解。taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat (诈骗). either way, it could be the perfect crime (犯罪), because the criminals are birds-horning pigeons! there have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in changwa. what at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind-one that avoids not only collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. police officer chen says that the criminal probably has played a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return