九年级英语上册unit10知识要点.doc

九年级英语上册Unit10 Youre supposed to shake hands一、课文知识要点：1、Youre supposed to shake hands.你应该握手。be supposed to do sth.是“应该”，与should用法相似。否定形式是be not supposed to do sth，意为“不应该”。You are supposed to study harder.你应该更努力学习。You are not supposed to eat so much.你不应该吃这么多。Drivers are supposed to wear the seat belt when driving.司机开车的时候应当系好安全带。shake “摇动、抖动” shake shook shakenshake hands 握手；shake hands with sb./ shake ones hands 与某人握手At last，he shook his head and refused.最后，他摇摇头拒绝了。2、In the United States，theyre expected to shake hands.在美国他们要握手。expect “期望；指望；认为；预料”；expect to do sth.期望/期待做某事expect sb to sth. 期待某人做某事 be expected to sth 被期待/要求做某事She expects to go abroad.她期待着出国。I expected my son to pass the exam.期望我的儿子通过考试。You cant expect me to finish the work in just two days. 你不能期望我仅在两天之内完成这项工作。 She is expected to be a good doctor.有人期望她成为一名好医生。 The visitors are expected to arrive in half an hour.参观者要在半小时后到达。 3、greeted Pauls mother the wrong way 以错误的方式问候了保罗的妈妈greet “问候，打招呼，欢迎、致意”She greeted him with a smile.她用微笑向他致意。He greeted her with a loving hug.他以一个深情的拥抱来迎接她。They greeted the guests at the airport.他们在机场迎接客人。4、I met a Japanese boy called Sato, and as soon as I held out my hand, he bowed. 我遇到一个叫佐藤的日本男孩，我刚一伸出手，他就鞠了一躬。as soon as “一.就. ”，（引导时间状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；若主句用过去时，从句也要用过去时。）Ill go to visit my aunt in England as soon as the summer holidays start.暑假一开始我就去英国看我姑姑。Henry, please call us as soon as you arrive in China. OK. Ill do that, Mom. 亨利，你一到中国就给我们打电话。好的，妈妈，我一到就打。As soon as I came in，he cried out with pleasure.我一进来，他就高兴地叫起来。hold out “伸出、递出”；hold held heldShe held out her hand to take the rope. 她伸手去抓那根绳子。5、Where I m from, we re pretty relaxed about time.在我们国家, 我们对时间相当宽松。 relax v. “放松”， 一般是 relax sb. 使某人放松relaxing adj. “使人放松的,令人感到轻松的”， （用于形容事、物） sth is relaxingrelaxed adj. “放松的，宽松的, 不加以约束的”,（用于形容人）。be relaxed about 对感到放松, 对.比较随意My parents are relaxed about my clothes. 我的父母对我的服装不加约束。6、We dont like to rush around, so we dont mind if people are a little late sometimes. If you tell a friend youre going to their house for dinner, its OK if you arrive a bit late. 我们不喜欢匆匆忙忙的，所以有时如果有人迟到一会儿，我们也不介意。如果你告诉一个朋友你要去他们家吃晚饭，你晚到一会儿也没关系。 a bit 与 a little ：a bit 和 a little 作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时， 意义相同，为“一点儿, 有些”。He walked a bit / a little slowly.他走路有点慢。a little 可直接修饰名词；而 a bit 后须加 of 才可以。There is a little water in the bottle.= There is a bit of water in the bottle.否定形式： not a little 作状语，相当于 very / quite, “很， 非常”； not a bit 作状语时， 相当于 not at all, 意为“一点也不”。 He is not a little (= very) hungry. 他饿极了。He is not a bit (= not at all) hungry. 他一点也不饿。7、We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.我们珍视日 常生活中和家人及朋友共度的时光。 value vt.“评价;重视，看重”;The Chinese highly value the strong family ties. 中国人高度重视家庭关系。Which do you value, wealth or health? 你珍视哪一种,财富还是健康?8、We often just drop by our friends homes if we have time.如果我们有时间，我们经常顺便拜访朋友家。drop by “顺便拜访” 可以直接使用，也可以在 by 后面加表示地点的词。 Drop by often when you are free.有空时常来拜访。drop by sb. = drop in on sb. 顺便走访某人drop by ones home = drop in (at) +地点 拜访? Dont forget to drop in on your teacher. =Dont forget to drop in at your teachers home. 不要忘了顺便去拜访一下你的老师。9、We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!我们经常只是在镇中心闲逛，尽可能多地见到我们的朋友！as. as one can 尽可能.，尽量. = as . as possibleYou should run as quickly as you can 你应该尽力跑。He was asked to get to school as early as possible 他被要求尽可能早到学校。10、Were the capital of clocks and watches, after all. 毕竟我们是钟表王国。 after all“毕竟、终归、终究、到底”，可位于句首、句中、句末。 After all，your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。 He is，after all，a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩。11、If youre even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.即使你只迟到了15分钟，你的朋友也可能会很生气。 get mad “大东肝火、气愤、生气” I got mad yesterday because of his lie.昨天因为他的谎言我大动肝火。mad 形容词，“很生气、疯的”，常见搭配有：be mad with/at对发怒，相当于be angry with She was mad with/at him for losing the match.她对他输了这场比赛很气愤。 be mad about 对着迷 I am mad about collecting stamps.我对集邮着迷。12、So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.所以当我与 我的朋友们见面的时候，我努力准时到。make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 We should make an effort to succeed, but do not hope will be successful.我们应该努力去成功，但不要希望一定会成功。13、I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic.我总是早早地就离开家以避免交通堵塞。avoid v 避免 (后接 V+ing），avoid doing 避免做某事 ; 避免做 ; 避免 ; 避免干某事He managed to avoid being punished.他设法逃脱了惩罚。He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的问题。to avoid falling防止摔倒后接 v+ing 形式作宾语的动词还有： Practice 练习 enjoy 喜欢 Keep 保持 后接 ving 形式的 动词 avoid 避免 mind 介意 suggest 建议14、When you go abroad, it is important to bring your passport.当你出国时，带上你的护照很重要。abroad adv “在国外；到国外”， 表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外My father often goes abroad. 我爸爸经常出国。15、but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.但是如果你想理解另外一种文 化，这样的麻烦是值得的。worth形容词“值得，有价值的”；后接名词、代词、数词或动词+ ing形式，常用结构be worth doing sth“值得做某事”。Hawaii is a beautiful place for travelling and worth a visit. 夏威夷是个旅游胜地，值得一游。The new bike is worth 350 yuan.这辆新自行车值350元。 The book is worth reading .这本书值得一读。 The car isnt worth repairing.这辆汽车不值得修了。 注意：动词短语后介词不要丢了。 The broadcast programme is worth listening to .这条广播节目值得一听。 The picture is worth taking good care of .那幅画值得好好保存。16、They go out of their way to make me feel at home.他们竭力使我感觉像在自己家里一样。 go out of ones way 特地；格外努力go out of ones way to do sth = try ones best to do sth 竭力做好某事He always goes out of his way to help me when I am in trouble.当我遇到麻烦时，他总是竭尽全力地帮助我。 make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 Sit down and make yourself feel at home.坐下吧，就像在自己家一样。Make构成的短语：make mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make ones bed 整 理床铺 make a noise 制造噪音 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友17、My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table我最大的 挑战是学习如何在餐桌上表现得体behave v. 表现；举止 behavior n. 行为；举止；习性；态度He behaves himself like a man. 他表现得像一男子汉。 How does Sam behave at school？萨姆在学习表现怎么样？ The boy behaved very well last night.这个男孩昨天晚上表现的很好。18、As you can imagine, things are really different from the way they are at home.你可以想象，做事情的方式和在国内时截然不同。imagine 动词，意为“想象”；后接名词、代词、动词+ing或从句。You can imagine how surprised I was.你可以想象我是多么惊讶。It is hard to imagine the scale of the universe.很难想像宇宙有多大。Can you imagine the life without electricity？你能想象没有电的生活吗？19、I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now Im used to it .起初我认为那样很奇怪，但现在我习惯了。 (1)pretty adv“颇；相当地” 常用于口语，只可以修饰其他形容词或副词 After six months, I could speak Chinese pretty well.6个月之后, 我就能讲汉语相当好的了。adj. 漂亮的；秀丽的；好看的 What a pretty little garden! 多么漂亮的小花园！【注】pretty 语气较 beautiful 弱,且大多用来指年轻的女性, 一般不用来描写成年男性。 pretty 也可以用于男女儿童, 表示漂亮、活泼、可爱。(2)be used to “习惯于，习惯”； 其中的 to 是介词，所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形)；若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程，可用 get, become 等代替动词 be。如： He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。 Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信我会习惯这艰苦工作的。 【注】：be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”，其中的 to 为不定式符号，其后要接动词原形)。如： A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。 【区别】used to 意为“过去经常”，其中的 to 是不定式符号，而不是介词，所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。 如： He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。20、youre not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread ?除了面包， 你不应该用双手吃任何东西。except介词，意为“ 除之外”；后接名词、代词、介词短语或动词不定式。They were all there except me. 除了我以外他们都在那里。We all went except him. 除他以外，我们都去了。They all howled with laughter except me. 除了我以外，他们全都哈哈大笑起来。except、besides、except for的用法区别：except意为“除之外”，不包括except后面的内容，前后叙述为同类。besides意为“除之外（还）”，包括besides后面的内容。except for是一个固定词组，表示的含义是除了这一点，其余都很好。 Everybody is in the classroom except Li hua.除了李华所有人都在教室。 Meimei，Daming and I went to the park besides Lingling.除了玲玲，我和梅梅和大明都去了公园。 Lisa is nice except for her carelessness. Lisa很优秀，除了她的粗心。21、Another thing is that its impolite to say that youre full. 另一件事是,是很不礼貌的说你吃饱了。 full adj. “吃饱的； 满的， 充满的”；be full of= (be) filled with “充满.”The basket is full of flowers（ The basket is filled with flowers）篮子装满花。be full of 指“充满的”这一状态, (be) filled with 通常指动作。22、You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork.你必须把它切碎，用叉子吃。cut up 切碎；切开cut构成的短语：cut down 砍倒 cut ones hair 理发 cut up 切 碎 cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断，停止23、Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs.让我给你一些关于中国风俗习惯的建议和意见吧。 suggestion 可数名词，意为“建议”suggest 动词“意为“向建议”（后接名词、动词+ing或从句）She suggested an early start. 她建议早一点出发.They suggested waiting until the proper time. 他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动.She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行suggestion、advice的用法区别：suggestion可数名词a suggestion一条建议 ，some/many suggestionsadvice不可数名词a piece of advice一条建议，some advice，不能用many Ill give you some advice, Mike; dont try.迈克，我要给你些忠告，别去试。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon.我提了几条关于下