化学专业英语金属与非金属.doc

铅是银白色的金属（与锡比较，铅略带一点浅蓝色），十分柔软，用指甲便能在它的表面划出痕迹。用铅在纸上一划，会留下一条黑道道。在古代，人们曾用铅作笔。“铅笔”这名字，便是从这儿来的。铅很重，一立方米的铅重达11.3吨，古代欧洲的炼金家们便用旋转迟缓的土星来表示它，写作“h”。铅球那么沉，便是用铅做的。子弹的弹头也常灌有铅，因为如果太轻，在前进时受风力影响会改变方向。铅的熔点也很低，为327，放在煤球炉里，也会熔化成铅水。Lead is a metal silver (compared with tin, lead a little light blue), very soft, with her nails can trace on its surface. Use the lead on a piece of paper, will leave a Mafia. In ancient times, people used lead as a pen. The name pencil, it is from here. Lead is heavy, weighing 11.3 tons, a cubic meters of lead of ancient European alchemy, with slow rotation of Saturn to represent it, writing h. Shot put so heavy, it is made of lead. Bullets warhead also often fill the lead, because if it is too light, affected by the wind changes direction in advance. Lead melting point is low, is 327 , in the coal furnace, it can melt into the lead water.化学性质铅很容易生锈氧化。铅经常是呈灰色的，就是由于它在空气中，很易被空气中的氧气氧化成灰黑色的氧化铅，使它的银白色的光泽渐渐变得暗淡无光。不过，这层氧化铅形成一层致密的薄膜，防止内部的铅进一步被氧化。也正因为这样，再加上铅的化学性质又比较稳定，因此铅不易被腐蚀。在化工厂里，常用铅来制造管道和反应罐。著名的制造硫酸的铅室法，便是因为在铅制的反应器中进行化学反应而得名的。Chemical propertiesLead to rust, oxidation. Lead is often gray, because it is in the air, are easy to be oxidized to oxygen in the air film of lead oxide, make it silver sheen gradually become bleak. However, this lead oxide layer to form a layer of dense membrane, prevent the internal lead further oxidation. Also because of this, coupled with the chemical properties of lead and relatively stable, so the lead is not easy to corrode. In chemical factory, often use lead to make pipe and reaction tank. The famous manufacturing lead chamber process of sulfuric acid is in the lead the name for chemical reaction in the reactor.中文名金属铅性质铅很容易生锈重要用途制造蓄电池工业用途阻挡X射线和放射性射线Chinese name Metallic lead quality important USES lead to rust Manufacturing battery industrial use block X rays, and radioactive rays氙（xin）气是惰性气体中原子序数较大的元素（也就是较重的元素），原子半径较大。原子序数54，外围电子排布5s2 5p6，位于第五周期0族，原子共价半径209皮米，第一电离能1172kJ/mol。单质由单原子分子组成。稀有气体，无色、无臭、无味，密度5.887千克/立方米，熔点-111.9，沸点-107.13，20时每升水中可溶解110.9毫升（体积）。能吸收X射线。Xenon gas (xi n) is larger atomic number elements in inert gas (that is, the heavier elements), atomic radius is bigger. Atomic number 54, peripheral electron configuration 5 s2 p6, fifth cycle 0, atomic covalent radius of 209 meters, the first ionization energy 1172 kj/mol. Elemental consists of a single atom molecules. Rare gas, colorless, odorless, tasteless, density of 5.887 kg/m3, melting temperature 111.9 , boiling point 107.1 + / - 3 , 20 when can dissolve in water at 110.9 ml (volume). Can absorb x-rays.氙气毒性及安全防护氙本身无毒，人吸入后以原形排出，但在高浓度时有窒息作用。氙有麻醉性，它和氧的混合物（20%Xe，80%O2，体积）是对人体的一种麻醉剂。1氙为非腐蚀性气体，可使用所有的通用材料。氙可用玻璃瓶包装，外加木箱或纸箱保护。贮运过程中要轻装轻卸严防碰损。Xenon toxicity and safety protectionNon-toxic, xenon itself after inhaled to prototype, but at high concentrations of suffocation. A mixture of oxygen and xenon have narcotic, it (Xe, 20% to 80% O2, volume) is to the human body a narcotic.1 xenon as a corrosive gas, can use all of the general material. Glass containers are available, and xenon plus wooden cases or cartons to protect. In the process of shipping to light light discharge fight of clash.氙气化学性质不活泼。能跟水，氢醌、苯酚等形成弱键包合物，在加热或紫外线照射、放电条件下，氙可跟氟直接化合生成XeF2、XeF4、XeF6等氟化物，XeF4和XeF6强烈水解可得到XeO6或XeOF4等。在电场作用下能发出强烈的白光。用于制高压长弧氙灯（俗称人造小太阳），产生紫外线的高压电弧灯、闪光灯、中子计数器，X射线计数器，还用作麻醉剂、原子反应堆中的中子吸收剂、充填闸流管和探测宇宙线用的电离室。1898年英国人拉姆塞和特拉威斯在分馏液态氪的混合物时，通过光谱分析发现了氙。在空气中含有910%（体积）。工业上用分馏液体空气提取。Xenon chemical inertness. With water, hydroquinone, phenol and other clathrate form weak key, under the condition of heating or ultraviolet light, discharge, xenon generated can be directly combined with fluorine note, fluoride, XeF4, XeF6 XeF4 and XeF6 strong hydrolysis available XeO6 or XeOF4 etc. Under the effect of electric field can emit strong white light. For making high voltage long arc xenon lamp (commonly known as artificial small sun), produce uv high pressure arc lights, flash, neutron counter, X-ray counter, also used as a drug, in the atomic reactor neutron absorber, filling thyratron and ionization chamber for the detection of cosm