山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（12）.doc

山西省阳城县2015高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（12）及答案【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】whats your earliest childhood memory? can you remember the first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four rarely retain any memory of specific, personal experiences.a variety of explanations have been proposed by psychologists for this childhood amnesia( 记忆缺失,健忘).one argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature（成熟）until about the age of two. but the most popular theory maintains (主张）that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories. but when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the pattern. its like trying to find a chinese word in an english dictionary.now psychologist annette simms offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. she argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to recall. according to dr. simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten impressions of these experiences into long-term memories. in other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them - mother talking about the afternoon spent looking for crabs(蟹) at the beach or dad asking them about their day at ocean park. without this verbal reinforcement, says dr. simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences.69. according to the passage, it is widely believed that_.a. it is impossible for an adult to recall his(or her) childhood experiencesb. adults virtually have no access to their childhood memoriesc. adults think in words while children think in imagesd. adults and children have different brain structures70. trying to find a chinese word in an english dictionary is stated in the passage to show that_.a. chinese and english are totally different languagesb. it is unlikely to find a chinese word in an english dictionaryc. adults and children have different memory patternsd. memories are in some way connected with languages71. according to annette simms,_.a. verbal reinforcement is necessary for children to have permanent memoriesb. there does not exist such things as childhood memoriesc. childrens brains are mature enough to form permanent memoriesd. children are generally inexperienced and unable to remember things they dont understand【参考答案】6971、bca ausually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. but there is one question that has millions of current answers. that question is “whats your name?” everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.have you ever wondered about peoples names? where do they come from? what do they mean?peoples first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. some parents choose the name of a well-known person. a boy could be named george washington smith; a girl could be named helen keller jones.some people give their children names that mean good things. clara means “bright”; beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; donald means “world ruler”; leonard means “as brave as a lion”.the earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. a family with the name brook or brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. the greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.other early surnames came from peoples occupations. the most common occupational name is smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. in the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. some other occupational names are: carter a person who owned or drove a cart; potter a person who made pots and pans.the ancestors of the baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. the carpenters great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. when there were two men who were named john in the same village, the john with the gray hair probably became john gray. or the john who was very tall could call himself john tallman. john fish was probably an excellent swimmer and john lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. english-speaking people added s or son. the johnsons are descendants of john; the roberts familys ancestor was robert. irish and scottish people added mac or mc or o. perhaps all of the macdonnells and the mcdonnells and the odonnells are descendants of the same donnell.1. which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage not cover? a. places where people lived. b. peoples characters.c. talents that people possessed. d. peoples occupations.2. according to the passage, the ancestors of the potter family most probably _.a. owned or drove a cart b. made things with metalsc. made kitchen tools or containers d. built houses and furniture3. suppose an english couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _.a. beatrice smith b. leonard carterc. george longstreet d. donald greenwood4. the underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _. a. later generations b. friends and relativesc. colleagues and partners d. later sponsors1. b 细节题 根据文中第5段 “the earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.” 第6段“other early surnames came from peoples occupations.”第8段“sometimes people were known fortheir special abilities.”分别可以排除a, c, d, 得出答案b。2.c 推断题 根据文中第6段最后一句“pottera person who made pots and pans.”可知potter意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，得出答案c。3.d推断题 根据第4段 “donald means world ruler”和第五段最后一句 “the greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest”，得出答案d。4.a词义猜测题 根据最后一段 “some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. english-speaking people added s or son.” 得出答案a，意为“后代”。阅读理解-bthe secret to the success of myswannier, who had started two successful technology companies, rushed home to begin work on the idea. two years later, in october 2006, she launched . customers go online to enter their measurements (there are 11, from arm length to hip width) and are assigned one of seven body types based on their proportions. software identifies selections for each shape by price (as low as $14.49 for a top, up to $605 for a coat), profile (modern classic, romantic glam, and artistic trendy), designer (from august silk to tadashi), and lifestyle (work attire to dress-up). wannier had a degree in textile design and an mba, but she had a lot to learn about the garment industry. and while she had money from the sale of one of her businesses to kick-start myshape, she needed investors. most of those prospects were men, and they simply didnt get the concept-until they saw models of various shapes and sizes in leotards, complete with lumps, bumps, and bulges. they were impressed with wanniers vision and hopped on board, putting up $32 million and helping her develop a business plan while she designed and patented the technology.once wannier had a prototype, she set up an online survey for potential customers. within 24 hours, she got over 700 responses; a third of them signed up. we were astonished, recalls wannier, who double-checked the results just to be sure. it convinced us there really was a demand.wannier had an e-commerce site, but she still needed something to sell on it.she moved out of her kitchen and into an office and brought in retail specialists who could persuade skeptical designers to entrust their clothes to a start-up without an established reputation. she refers to that period as a bit of madness.today, with 700,000 customers and 300 designers, the site has proved its usefulness. some weeks, says wannier, we get 100 percent customer satisfaction. and designers are delighted: they get a new distribution channel, absolute customer loyalty, and returns that are 10 percent lower than on other sites.while myshape continues to sign up customers and designers, the company is not yet profitable. we get a percentage of the price of the clothes, says wannier. in this economy, women are spending less. in order to make money, then, we have to attract more customers who will come back again and again.asked what the future holds for myshape, she says, next year, well start providing the technology to other online stores, so my dream is that our way of shopping becomes the way everyone does it. ( readers digest )5. which of the following statements is not true?a.wannier sold one of her businesses to start myshape.b.wannier succeeded in getting investment for my shapec.it still remains to be seen whether the website is useful or not.d.wannier has great confidence in making money from myshape6. which is the most important factor leading to the success of myshape?a.wannier had a degree in textile design and an mbab.theres a demand for such technology used to run myshapec.wannier is a businesswoman with experience, plans, dedication and visiond.people are concerned about their shapes and clothes they wear 7.what does “prospects” mean in the sentence “ most of those prospects were men, and they simply didnt get the concept ” in paragraph 2?a.chances of success in a job b.possibilities that sth. will happenc. ideas of what will happen in the future d. possible or likely customers 5.c 细节推理题。从全篇内容以及标题来看，c项有误。从第二段第二行“and while she had money from”可以得出a项正确。从第二段倒数第三行“they were impressed with wanniers vision and hopped on board, putting up $32 million and”得知b项正确。从最后一段“she says, next year, well start providing the technology to other online stores, so my dream is that”可知d项正确。6.c 从全文得知a,b,c,d都是导致myshape成功的可能因素，但根据整篇文章”the most important factor”最关键的因素应是c项。7.d词义猜测题。根据整句话“most of those prospects were men, and they”从man 一词可看出prospects 应指人，a, b, c, 选项的中心词均不是指人。”prospect” 在此处的意思为“可能成为顾客的人”阅读理解概述（1） 考纲解读阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点， 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。其具体要求为：(1)能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文；(2)把握短文的主要线索；(3)能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断；(4)理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络；(5)熟悉掌握实用性的文章，如：书刊、影视、产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。命题分析2011年广东高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点： (1)体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛。体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、和议论文。 (2)语言地道，题型合理。材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型。应试点睛一、掌握策略，战无不胜阅读理解无论从难度还是从分数所占比重都应该受到学生的重视，但很多同学在做阅读理解时总是感觉时间不够用，其实只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解。1正确处理好“快”与“准”关系在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，而不是单纯地追求阅读速度。这样对文章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不准的心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。2正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选择答案的关系高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复