广东从化县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础选练（5）.doc

2016广东从化县高考英语阅读理解【二轮】基础选练（5）【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。a new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)but the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.in the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.they listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual notetaking skills.thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.the researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.however，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.the researchers report said，“while more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”in another experiment aimed at testing longterm memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.this time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.these two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1more and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can_.awrite more notes bdigest concepts bettercget higher scores dunderstand lectures better2while taking notes，laptop users tend to be_.askillful bmindless cthoughtful dtireless3the author of the passage aims to_.aexamine the importance of longterm memorybstress the benefit of taking notes by handcexplain the process of taking notesdpromote the use of laptops4the passage is likely to appear in_.aa newspaper advertisementba computer textbookca science magazineda finance report答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。1a解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快、记得多。故选a。2b解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“but the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选b。3b解析：推理判断题。本文通过实验发现了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选b。4c解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选c。说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013安徽名校联盟高三第一次联考)改编well, to pick up where we left off last time, i believe now we might all agree that self-improvement is of great benefit for each of us. however, there are lots of stops along the road to self-improvement, which often calls for patience, emotional strength and kindness.with concentrated effort, you can become a better person than you ever thought possible.1.nice people always put themselves in the other persons shoes. if the service is a little slow, maybe its because the waitress has been standing for 8 hours and her back and feet are aching.perhaps her little baby isnt feeling well and she got very little sleep the night before.in a word, you never know the full story from a brief meeting with a person.2.be a reasonable man. service-centered businesses often live by the idea “the customer is always right.” theyre totally mistaken. the customer is not always right; sometimes the customer is quite difficult to deal with. you do not “deserve” a free meal because the waitress forgot to bring you a spoon. if you have a grievance, let it out, but be reasonable.3.fight fairly. when arguing with another person, stick to the subject. present the facts briefly, and dont bring up unrelated incidents that happened 4 weeks from last tuesday. never hesitate to create a chance for other people to voice their opinions. they are just as important as yours.4.put others first. let the troubled-looking mom have the parking space. stand a few extra seconds holding the door for an elderly person. dont interrupt people when theyre speaking, or finish their sentences for them. such small things, yet the effects are immediate and far-reaching.nice people make a concentrated effort to be kind and put others needs above their own.stop a moment and think how you can help someone, and youll become a nicer person.1.what might the speaker most probably discuss last time?()a.the origin of self-improvement.b.the process of self-improvement.c.the structure of self-improvement.d.the importance of self-improvement.2.the best title for the second paragraph is “”.a.be understandingb.stay calmc.be positived.be merciless3.the underlined word “grievance” in paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to .a.mistakeb.complaint c.commitmentd.decision4.which of the following may the speaker support? ()a.learn to share the other persons point of view.b.put forward relevant facts in detail when arguing.c.make your voice heard when others are speaking.d.involve your own matters with others when arguing.语篇解读:自我提高是非常重要的,本文的作者就如何自我提高,成为一个受欢迎的人提出了宝贵的建议。答案及剖析:1.d推理判断题。由第一段的第一句话.to pick up where we left off last time, i believe now we might all agree that self-improvement is of great benefit for each of us.可知,作者上一次的话题是关于自我提高的重要性的,故选d项。2.a主旨大意题。由该段的内容可知,作者建议人们做一个善解人意的,为他人考虑的人,故选a项。3.b词义猜测题。由此处的语境可知,如果你在饭馆吃饭的时候有不满的地方可以提出来,但是要合情合理,故选b项。4.a细节理解题。由作者提出的几点建议的内容可知a项正确。由第四段的present the facts briefly, and dont bring up unrelated incidents that happened.和never hesitate to create a chance for other people to voice their opinions以及第五段的dont interrupt people when theyre speaking.可知b、c、d三项与作者的观点背道而驰。【疑难词汇解读】1.reasonable adj.合理的,公道的;有理性的i bought the car at a reasonable price.我以合理的价格买的这辆车。2.far-reaching adj. 深远的,广泛的what he said at the meeting has a far-reaching effect on us.他在会上说的话对我们有深远的影响。【长难句子分析】however,状语 there are谓语 lots of stops主语 along the road to状语 self-improvement,状语 which often calls for patience, emotional定语从句 strength and kindness.定语从句然而,在自我提高的过程中会有很多需要耐心、感情力量和善良的地方。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013湖北，e)a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96. the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder r. lang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.文章大意：本文主要讲述了不同年龄段的人们对未来生活的态度，对生活的满意度和幸福指数。17according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.答案：b细节理解题，根据while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知b正确。18pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _.ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth答案：c细节理解题，根据“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote可知c正确。19how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.答案：a细节理解题，根据surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline可知a正确。20what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.答案：d细节理解题，根据“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，”可知，他们对生活的满意度随着年龄的增长而变小。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013陕西，b)in 1978, i was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from sydney, australia. i was looking forward to having five days off from duty. unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in sydney had already left. so i thought id hitch a ride (搭便车)i waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as gordon. he said that although he couldnt give me a lift, i should come back to his house for lunch. he noticed me standing for hours in the november heat and thought i must be hungry. i was doubtful as a young girl but he assured (使放心)me i was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. when we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. after lunch, he helped me find a lift home.twentyfive years later, in 2003, while i was driving to a nearby town one day, i saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. i thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour id been given decades earlier. i pulled over and picked him up. i made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.after a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “you havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.” i couldnt remember where id met him. he then told me he was the man who had give