河南省郑州市高考英语考前冲刺 阅读理解考前自练题9.doc

郑州市2014高考英语阅读理解考前自练题科普知识类阅读理解the latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not i. q. , a generally bad predictor of success. instead, its purposeful practice. top performers spend more hours practising their craft. if you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. it wouldnt have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday. this contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. it would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. it would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. this would give her a primary know-ledge of her field. shed be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings. then she would practise writing. her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. by practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. by practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. by now she is redoing problemshow do i get characters into a roomdozens and dozens of times. she is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems. the primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. its the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. but it underlines a fact that is often neglected. public discussion is affected by genetics and what were “hard-wired” to do. and its true that genes play a role in our capabilities. but the brain is also very plastic. we construct ourselves through behaviour.1. the passage mainly deals with.a. the function of i. q. in cultivating a writerb. the relationship between genius and successc. the decisive factor in making a geniusd. the way of gaining some sense of distinction2. by reading novels and writers stories, the girl could.a. come to understand the inner structure of writingb. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayc. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesd. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security3. in the girls long painstaking training process, .a. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successb. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performancec. she acquires the magic of some great achievementsd. she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write4. what can be concluded from the passage? a. a fuelling ambition plays a leading role in ones success. b. a responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.c. as to the growth of a genius, i. q. doesnt matter, but just his/her efforts. d. what really matters is what you do rather than who you are.【参考答案】22.1-4 cabd阅读理解-社会现象类(2013湖北，d)a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.5according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选b项。答案b6pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth解析细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选c项。答案c7how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选a项。答案a8what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案d阅读理解1. which of the following is discouraged by the friends organization?a. to build massive complexes for public amusement.b. to prevent possible damages to the national park.c. to help protect and improve the park for all to enjoy.d. to sponsor publications and projects in local school.( ) 2. one of the benefits for members of friends is to a. have friends goods free of chargeb. visit any place not open to the publicc. take part in work parties if they want tod. give talks in their fields on current issues( ) 3. the purpose of this poster is to invite more people to_.a. raise money for the friends organizationb. join the friends organization and be members of itc. work as managers for pembroke shire national parkd. enjoy the landscape of pembroke shire national park第二篇是应用文，是一份海报，关于国家公园的介绍以及征募会员介绍，话题和学生的生活有比较大的距离感，但是词汇未超出课标范围，学生完全可以通过信息的提炼分析答案。60.推理题。 要注意题目问的是discouraged by, 通过文章第三大标题activities第二段第一句we keep an eye on planning applicationssuch as massive leisure complexes可以推断出选a是friends所不支持的，为正确选项。61.细节题。根据题干，定位到第四大标题benefits.从第五点”satisfaction of participation in work parties, for those willing and able to involve.”可以看出选项c为正确选项。62.主旨题。 文章一开头就抛出三个问题，可见这个组织的目的在于吸引更多的人能够加入其中，b为正确选项。由文章第二大标题aims中的” we are a voluntary organization”可见a 选项错误。c，d选项都是文章没有提到的。阅读理解-astudents and technology in the classroomi love my blackberryits my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. i also love my laptop computer ，as it holds all of my writing and thought .despite this love of technology ,i know that there are times when i need to move away from these device and truly communication with others.on occasion, i teach a course called history matters for a group of higher education managers. my goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas .because i want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,i have a rule no laptop, ipods, phones ,etc .when students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy .most students assume that year reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. theres a bit of truth to that. some students assume that i am anti-technology. theres no truth in that at all. i love technology and try to keep up with it so i relate to my students.the real reason why i ask students to leave technology at the door is that i think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. i want students to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.ive been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the educations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that i create .students realize that with deep conversation and challenge , they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom .im not saying that i wont ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until i hear a really good reason for the change ,im sticking to my plan. a few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too give up.( ) 1.some of the students in the history class were unhappy with_a. the course material b. others misuse of technology c. di