牛津高中英语必修一Unit-3基础知识.docx

牛津高中英语必修一Unit 3单词讲解1 gymn.健身房，体育馆gymnast n. 体育家，健身运动家2 work outvi.锻炼(1)锻炼身体，做运动I would work out in the gym after work when I was in Nanjing.(2)算出，计算 Please work out the answer.(3)解决，处理 Dont get down. Things will work out eventually.(4)计划，制定出When you began to work，you might work out a practical scheme. *work out to/at 总计达 The bill works out to 10.*work on sth./ doing sth. 从事，致力于 I worked on (writing) this article all night.*work on sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事 My parents spent the whole weekend working on me to go on holiday with them.3 stayvi.保持（remain）*stay up late 熬夜 *stay young/healthy 保持年轻/健康 *remain (to be) very weak 任然很虚弱4 slimadj.苗条的, 纤细的(1) n. slim chance/ hopes etc. （希望、机会等）微小的，渺茫的Theres a slim chance someone may have survived.slimslimmerslimmest(2)v. 减肥、缩小 slim down （使）减少，（使）缩小5 figuren.体形, 身材(1) n. 数字；钱数；形象；计算； put a figure on it/ give an exact figure确切说出数额 a fine figure of a man 一个相貌堂堂的男子(2) v. * figure out sth./ figure sth. out算出；想出；解决It took me hours to figure out those algebra problems.* figure sb. out 弄明白，看透，理解（某人）I cant figure him out.* figure out that* figure on sth./ doing sth. 料想，打算干I didnt figure on meeting her there6 weightn.体重，重量，杠铃片*put on weight 增重 *lose weight 减肥*weigh two kg 重达两千克（不用被动语态）*have ones luggage weighed 给行李称过重weighv. weightn. weightyadj.7 ashameda.惭愧的, 羞耻的*be ashamed of sth./sb./doing sth./having done sth.由于（某人/某事/做了某事）而羞愧*be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事，因觉得可耻而不做*be ashamed to have done sth. 由于做了某事而羞愧*be ashamed that 羞于某事He was ashamed of asking/having asked/to have asked such a simple question.He was ashamed that he had asked such a simple question.8 sinceconj.因为, 既然* 与现在完成时和过去完成时连用(1)从以来，从以后I cant have seen him since 1983.(2)从以后（的一段时间里），自从以来一直 Since he started that diet hes lost over 20 lbs in weight. * ever since 自从一直至今(3)因为，既然 Since you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.9 weight-lossadj.减肥的10 exercisevi.锻炼, 运动*take more exercise 多锻炼 *a good form of exercise 一个良好的训练形式*do a lot of exercises in English grammar 进行大量的英语语法练习*do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操11 workvi.起作用，有效果，奏效(1) (使)工作 Hes been working hard all day. 他辛劳地工作了一天。(2) (使)运作, 运转 All the telephones dont work properly today. 今天所有电话机都出故障了。(3) (使)产生效果 The newspapers say this new drug can work wonders. 报上说这种新药有奇效。12 pricelessadj.无价的, 珍贵的(1) 无价的, 贵重的, 无法估价的 The findings could be priceless. 这些调查结果可能是极为重要的。(2) 极荒唐而有趣的【辨析】worthless adj.无用的；不值钱的valueless adj.不足道的；毫无价值的，不值钱的priceless adj.贵重得无法衡量价值的，无价的；极为有趣的，极为荒唐可笑的invaluable adj.无价的，价值无法衡量的13 recovervi.痊愈，恢复健康，vt. 重新获得，恢复*recover from 从中恢复过 *recover oneself 恢复神智*recover sth. from 从中找回某物；重新获得14 livern.肝脏15 failuren.衰退，衰竭，故障，失灵(1) 失败, 不成功 Failure teaches success. 失败是成功之母。(2) 失败的人事 As a writer, he was a complete failure. 作为一个作家, 他是个完全失败的人。* fail v. 16 containvt.包含, 容纳The hall can contain two hundred people. 大厅可以容纳200人。What is contained in this drawer? 这抽屉里装的是什么?【辨析】contain与include共同点：两者都有“包含”的意思。区别在于：contain可用于包含所含之物的全部或部分；include则只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。例如：The basket contains a variety of fruits. 这篮子里装有各种水果。The price includes the tax.这价钱包括税金。注意：与include 有关的including，included的用法。例如：We all went to the museum, Lily included. 我们去了博物馆，莉莉也去了。The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.乐队演奏了很多曲子，包括我最喜欢的几首。17 harmfuladj.有害的* harm n. / v.be harmful to = do harm to Smoking is harmful to our health. / Smoking do harm to our health. / Smoking harms our health. 抽烟对健康有害。Excessive drinking will do you harm. 过量饮酒对身体有害。18 chemicaln.化学物质, 化学药品 adj. 化学的* chemistry n. 化学19 operationn.手术(1) 操作, 运转, 经营 They were also given the opportunity to do some operation. 他们也有机会亲自去操作。The company will soon begin operation. 那家公司不久就要开始营业。(2) 手术 The doctor advised an immediate operation. 医生建议马上开刀。* operate v. 开刀, (对)动手术 The doctor decided to operate at once. 医生决定立刻动手术。20 exactadj.精确的, 准确的 (= accurate)(1) 准确的, 确切的, 精确的 Please give me your exact age. 请把你的确切年龄告诉我。His memory is very exact; he never makes mistakes. 他的记忆非常准确, 从不出错。(2) 严谨的, 严格的 Accountants have to be very exact. 会计必须十分严谨。(3) 科学精密的；严密的* exactly adv.21 match n.相配的人或物, 配对物 vt. & vi.相称, 匹配(1) n. 1) 比赛, 竞赛 We had a friendly match with them. 我们与他们进行了一场友谊比赛。2) 相似之物, 相配之物 The chairs and the desk are a good match. 这些椅子和这种书桌很相配。(2) vt. & vi. (使)相配; (使)相称 The tie matches your suit. 那条领带跟你的西装很相配。He promised to match me a piece of cloth. 他答应过替我找一块布料来配。*match sb. in sth. 在某方面比得过某人 *match=go with 和相配*a good match for 对来说很得体 *strike a match 擦火柴22 follow vt.遵循, 遵守，依照* as follows 如下 follow on 紧跟着; 继续下去follow out 把.追究到底; 全部执行follow throgh 坚持到底, 贯彻到底follow up 紧追不舍; 穷追 继续下去【辨析】follow succeed result 都含“跟随”、“接踵而至”的意思。follow系常用词, 指“继之而来或继之而去”, 如:Spring follows winter. 冬去春来。succeed 强调“时间、顺序上随之而来”、“接替某人物”, 如:He was not willing to succeed his father as manager of the business.他不愿继承父亲任公司经理。result指“前者和后者之间是因果关系”, 如:Superstition results from ignorance. 迷信产生于无知。23 advice n.忠告, 建议an advice note 通知单a piece bit or few words of advice 一句忠言* advise v. 劝告, 忠告; 给.出主意advise sb. to do sth. 劝某人做某事advise sb. of 把.报告通知某人24 seldomadv.很少, 不常, 难得(=infrequently, hardly)On Sundays, he seldom stays in the house. 星期天他很少待在房子里。Seldom have I heard such beautiful singing. 我很少听到过如此美妙的歌声。It is seldom that it rains in such a time in winter. 在冬天这个时候很少下雨。seldom or never (=seldom, if ever) 绝无仅有, 极少 简直不25 damagen.& vt.损害, 伤害Drinking and smoking can damage your health.饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。This lock is damaged.This door will never open!这把锁坏了。门打不开了！*辨析：damage毁坏，损害，损失，不如destroy严重，且一定程度上可恢复 destroy （毁灭性的）破坏，程度很深 harm 对有害（do harm to），暗示不良后果 ruin 破坏（美好的东西）（in ruins变成废墟）26 attractiveadj.有吸引力的, 有魅力的(1) 性感的；妩媚的；英俊的；诱人的 She is an attractive girl. 她是个妩媚动人的女孩。Bright colours are attractive to children. 鲜艳的颜色对儿童有吸引力。(2) 有吸引力的* attract v.(1) 吸引, 引起的注意；使喜爱；引起的好感（或爱慕） vt.The panda attracted many children. 那只熊猫吸引了不少孩子。(2) 具有吸引力，招引，引人注目 vi.Her flirtatious manners are intended to attract. 她的轻浮举止是想引人注意。1.引起（反应）27 touchingadj.动人的，感人的a touching scene 感人的情景It was a touching sight. 这是一幅动人的景象。There was a touching air of innocence about the boy. 这个男孩有一种令人感动的天真神情。28 strangern.陌生人(1) 陌生人 The stranger fastened on my arm. 那个陌生人紧紧抓住我的胳膊。(2) 外地人, 初到者 Its hard for a stranger to make friends in this town. 外地人在这个城里很难交朋友。29 embarrassedadj.尴尬的(1) 局促不安的；为难的；窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的 an embarrassed silence 难堪的沉默He always mumbles when hes embarrassed. 他感到难为情时说话就含糊不清了。(2) 窘迫的；陷入困境的；拮据的；经济困难的 He is somewhat embarrassed. 他稍微有点窘迫。* embarrass v. (1) (使)窘迫; (使)局促不安; （尤指在社交场合）使窘迫, 使尴尬 Girls embarrass easily. 女孩子遇事容易感到局促不安。(2) (使)困难, 使困惑, 使为难, 使陷入困境 The long sleeves of her dress embarrassed her movements. 她衣服的长袖子妨碍她的行动。30 pressuren.压力He changed his mind under the pressure from others. 他在别人的逼迫之下改变了主意。* press n. (1) 压; 按; 挤 Give the button a slight press and the music would die. 把按钮轻轻一按, 音乐就会停止。 (2) 总称新闻，杂志；从事印刷业者；新闻界；出版界；通讯社；新闻记者 The press is interested in sports. 新闻界对体育运动感兴趣。vt. (1) 按, 压 Press the button, then the machine will work. 按下电钮, 机器就能转动了。(2) 逼迫, 强迫 The man was pressed to pay off his debt. 那人被逼还债。vi. (1) 催逼；紧迫；敦促 The matter is pressing. 这事情很紧迫。31 actressn.女演员* actor n. 男演员32 overweight adj.肥胖的33 dietn.节食, 日常的饮食 vi.节食, 控制饮食* put sb. on a diet 控制某人饮食34 go on diets 节食35 in secretadj.秘密地Last night, we held a meeting in secret. 昨晚, 我们秘密地举行了一次会议。36 properlyadv.适当地, 合适地，合理地Im learning German, but I still cant speak it properly. 我在学德语, 但还说不好。* proper adj.(1) 适合的; 适当的; 适用的; 恰当的 He gave us a proper example. 他给我们举了一个恰当的例子。It isnt proper to act like that. 那样的行为是不恰当的。(2) 遵守规则的; 正确的 It is proper that you should ask your father. 你当然应该问你的父亲。(3) 严格意义的; 本身的 Were in a proper mess now. 我们现在真是一团糟。(4) 固有的; 特有的 Language is proper to mankind. 语言是人类所特有的。37 skinnya.极瘦的，皮包骨的a skinny figure 皮包骨的体形At school I was fairly skinny and undersized. 上学时我相当瘦小。Tom was a lanky boy with long skinny legs. 汤姆是一个腿很细的瘦高个儿。38 liftvt.举起(1) 终止; 解除 They decided to lift the embargo. 他们决定解除禁运。(2) 抬起；搬动；挪下来 Three workers lifted the heavy box from the truck. 三个工人把沉重的箱子从卡车上搬了下来。(3) 运送，搬运；空运 亦作 airlift The strategic materials have been lifted to the front. 战略物资已经空运到前线。* vi. (1) 消散 The plane will take off once the fog has lifted. 等雾一消散, 飞机便起飞。(2) 被举起，被抬起；升高 The lid of the trunk will not lift. 这箱子的盖揭不开。(3)耸立；向上突出 The mountain lifts above the desert.高山耸立在沙漠之上。(4) 振奋起来；受到鼓舞 Her spirits lifted after she heard the news. 听到消息以后她的精神振作起来。* n. (1) 抬, 举 With one great lift, the men moved the rock. 那些人猛一抬把那块石头搬动了。(2) 电梯, 升降机 (3) 免费搭车; 搭便车 We got a lift part of the way in a lorry. 我们有一段路搭乘了卡车。(4) 鼓舞, 振奋 Passing the exam gave me a real lift. 通过了考试我确实觉得很兴奋。39 considervt.考虑, 认为(1) 考虑 She paused a moment to consider. 她停下来考虑了一会儿。We should consider what to do next. 我们应考虑下一步该怎么办。I am considering going abroad. 我在考虑出国。(2) 把看作, 认为 He is greatly considered by his colleagues. 他深受同事们的尊重。*consider thatI consider that you are wrong. 我认为你错了。* consider asI considered him as a politician. 我认为他是个政客。* consider to beWe consider them to have been foolish. 我们认为他们的做法是愚蠢的。* consider+ O +OCI consider it useless discussing the matter with them. 我认为和他们讨论这件事没有用。(3) 关心, 体谅, 顾及 He never considers others. 他从不为别人着想。(4) 想，料想；断定 We considered that the young man was not guilty. 我们断定这个年轻人无罪。*consider sth./sb. as 把当做 *consider sth/ding sth/what to do 考虑*take into consideration/account 把考虑进去【辨析】(1) consider侧重“经过考虑而认为”， 表示“一种比较客观的看法”I consider what he said (as) reasonable. 我认为他说的有道理(2) regard 指“把.认为”、“把.看作”， 表示“以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识”He was regarded as the foremost authority on chemistry. 他被认为是化学最高权威。(3) treat 表示“在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”， 重在行动， 而不在认识They will not be treated as enemies. 他们不会被当做敌人对待。40 effectn.效果, 作用, 影响*have/produce an effect on 对产生影响 *side effect 副作用*come into effect 生效 *be much affect by 被感动41 side effectn.副作用42 fall out v.(头发等)脱落(1) 争吵 She has fallen out with all her neighbors. 她和所有的邻居都吵翻了。(2) 结果 Everything fell out as we had hoped. 结果正如我们所希望的那样。(3) 解散, 掉队 After a long drill, the commander told his men to fall out. 在操练了很长时间以后, 指挥官命令士兵们解散。【关于fall的词组】(1) fall apart 破坏；倒塌 The rickety chair fell apart. 摇晃的椅子散架了。He fell apart after years as a POW. 作战俘多年，他崩溃了(2) fall away 1. 背弃：收回友谊或支持 2. 减小：尺寸上的减小 3. 背叛：放弃信仰 (3) fall back 1. 退回；撤退 2. 退潮 The waves fell back. 浪退了回去 (4) fall behind 1. 落后：跟不上步伐；落后 2. 拖欠：经济上欠款 (5) fall down 失败：未能达到预想；在成就上落后 Fell down on the job. 工作失败 (6) fall for 1. 爱上：感到爱慕 2. 被欺骗 (7) fall in 1. 集合：军队里集合 2. 塌陷：往里塌陷；往里凹陷 fall in love with sb. 与某人相爱(8) fall off 1. 变少；降低 Stock prices have fallen off. The number of staff meetings fell off after a few months.股票价格下降了。工作人员的会议在几个月后减少了 2. 【航海】 向下风：船偏向下风 (9) fall on 或 fall upon 1. 攻击：突然猛烈地打击 Snipers and irregulars fell on the hapless patrol. 狙击兵和非正规军袭击了巡逻队 2. 偶遇；遭遇 (10) fall through 1. 失败：失败；成为泡影 Our plans fell through at the last minute. 我们的计划最后失败了 (11) fall to 1. 开始：积极地着手去做 “The press fell to with a will”( - Russell Baker)“新闻界决定采取行动了”( - 拉塞尔巴克)43 affectvt.影响(1) 影响;对.发生作用The amount of rain affects the growth of crops. 雨量影响作物的生长。 (2) 使感动,使震动She was deeply affected by the news of her fathers death. 她父亲去世的消息使她深受震动。 (3) (病)侵袭;罹患Her kidneys had become affected. 她的肾脏受到了感染。 (4) 假装,装作+to-vHe affected not to see her. 他假装没看见她。 He affected ignorance of the law. 他假装不知法。 (5) 爱好,爱用She affects old furniture and china. 她喜欢古老的家具和瓷器。n. (1) 感情；情感；心情 (2) 【精神病学】(表露或觉察到的)情绪反应* affection n. (1) 喜爱, 爱，热爱 The officer transferred his affections to the other girl. 那军官爱上了另一个姑娘。If the intervier asked about your family or school speak with loyalty and affection.当面试官提到你的家庭和学校时，你说话时要显得忠诚和热爱。(2)心感情 喜爱 爱慕之情 He has a deep affection for his old friend. 他对老朋友感情很深。44 sportsmann.运动员45 achievementn.成就 * achieve v.46 riskn.& vt.冒险*risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 *at/take/run the risk of 冒着风险*at risk 处境危险 *risk ones life 冒着生命危险47 postn.(再网上发布的)帖子48 put on weightv.体重增加49 recognizevt.认出, 识别, 认可, 公认(1) 认出, 识别出某人某事物 I recognized Mary by her red hat. 我凭玛丽的红帽子认出了她。(2) 承认有效属实; 认可 We dont recognize him to be the lawful heir. 我们不承认他为合法继承人。(3) 承认认清(某事物); 认识到 He recognized that he was not qualified for a teacher. 他认识到自己没有资格担任教师。(4) 察觉；意识到 He has not recognized the seriousness of the present situation.他还没有意识到目前形势的严重。(5) 赏识；表彰 The company recognized Mr Browns outstanding work by promoting him to chief accountant.公司提升布朗先生为总会计师以表彰他出色的工作。 (6) 向 打招呼；致意 He recognized us with a wave. 他挥手向我们致意。50 lifestylen.生活方式, 生活习惯51 energyn.能量(1) 活力, 干劲, 能力 He is full of energy. 他充满了活力。(2) 常用复数精力；能力；力量 As people approach old age, their energies may diminish. 接近老年时, 人的精力就衰退了。energetic adj. 精力充沛的, 充满活力的,需要能量的,积极的 He is constitutionally energetic. 他体质强健, 精力充沛。I dont feel energetic enough to rush about. 我感到没有力气东奔西跑。52 regularlyadv.定期地, 有规律地，经常地(1) 有规律地 (2) 定期地 business people who travel regularly to the US 定期到美国的商人We meet regularly to discuss business. 我们定期会面讨论事务。(3) 经常地,习惯性地 Check the engine oil level regularly. 要时常检查机油量。Any worker who is regularly late will soon be brought to book.很快就要让每一个经常迟到的工人作出解释。(4) 整齐地,均匀地53 along withvt.连同.，随同(1) 和.一起一道, 随着 (2) 除.以外(还) Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.除酒以外, 烟草在多数国家都要征税。54 regularadj.定期的, 有规律的，经常的(1) 有规律的, 定期的, 定时的 He leads a regular life. 他过着有规律的生活。You need to take regular exercise. 你要经常运动。The verb “dance” is regular, but the verb “be” is not.动词dance的变化是规则的, 但be的变化是不规则的。(2) 合乎原则的; 符合规定的; 正当的; 适当的 A period is the regular ending for a sentence. 句点是一个句子符合规则的结尾。I think your method isnt quite regular. 我认为你的方法不正当。(3) 均匀的; 整齐的; 对称的 The chairs were placed at regular distances. 椅子等距摆放着。His nose is regular. 他的鼻子很匀称。(4) 正常的, 经常的 I had no regular education. 我没有受过正规教育。(5) 连续的; 习惯性的; 固定不变的 He has no regular work. 他没有固定职业。(6) 标准尺寸的；中等大小的；中号的 (7) 普通的；平凡的 (8) （尤指动词或名词）规则的；按规则变化的 (9) 完全的；彻底的 55 in the long term adv.从长远角度看56 yetadv.然而, 但是57 skipvt.& vi.跳过，略过vi. (1) 跳，蹦，蹦蹦跳跳地走 Lambs like to skip. 小羊喜欢跳跃。(2) 跳绳 Kehr skips well. 凯尔跳绳跳得很好。(3) 快速转移；骤然转换（话题） (4) 悄悄溜走；突然离开 vt. (1) 略过; 跳过; 漏过 When I read the novel I skipped these dry passages of description.我读这本小说的时候跳过了这几段毫无趣味的描写。58 controlvt.& n.控制vt. (1) 控制, 抑制, 支配 He tried to control me. 他试图支配我。I couldnt control myself, and I hit him. 我气得不得了就打了他。(2) 管理, 操纵 A captain controls his ship and its crew. 船长管理他的船和船上的船员。(3) 克制，约束 He controlled his anger and left the school. 他压住怒火离开了学校。(4) 核实；验证；检查 The accounts of the whole company are controlled in this department.整个公司的账目都是由这个部门检查。n. (1) 控制, 支配, 管理 She argued for import control. 她主张实行进口限制。(2) 管理手段 She explained the controls of the washing machine. 她解释了这台洗衣机的控制系统。* in control （对形势、人或活动）能指挥的，能控制的 * out of control 失去控制 * under control （危险，紧急情况）处于控制之下 It took two hours to bring the blaze under control.控制火势花了两个小时。59 calorien.卡路里, 卡60 teenageadj.十几岁的61 systemn.系统62 skinn.皮肤63 countvi.算数, 有效(1) (按顺序)数 He can read, write and count. 他能读写, 还会计数。(2) 有价值, 有重要意义 Quality counts above origin. 质量比产地更重要。(3) 算得上 This book counts among the best of his works. 这本书被认为是他的最佳作品之一。(4) 起作用；值得考虑 It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.问题不在于你读了多少书，而在于你读了哪些有价值的书。vt. (1) 点的数目, 计算 Lets count the people who are present. 咱们把到的人数点一下。(2) 把算入 There are thirty people in the classroom, counting the teacher.把老师算上, 教室里有30个人。(3)认为, 看作 He counted himself a great writer. 他自认为是一个伟大的作家。I count myself to be fortunate. 我认为我自己是幸运的。I count it foolish to let him go. 我认为让他走是不明智的。(4) (依次)数到 The referee counted ten over the fallen boxer.裁判员对着倒在地上的拳击手数到十。n. (1) 计数, 总数 By my count thats five cakes youve had already. 我数着你已经吃了五块蛋糕。(2)事项， 罪状，起诉理由 He was found guilty on three counts. 他被判定三项罪名。(3)（讨论或争论的）论点，观点，问题，事项 * count on 依靠；依赖；对有信心；预期 You can count on my help. 你可以依赖我的帮助 counted on getting a raise 期待获得加薪 *count the days (或 hours) They counted the days until they came home on leave. 他们一直心焦地等到休假回家64 relaxedadj.放松的，轻松的(1) (人)轻松的;自在的,随便的;无拘无束的 He sat in a relaxed pose. 他轻松自如地坐着。A relaxed atmosphere prevails in the club. 俱乐部里充满轻松的气氛。Among her friends, casual dress and a relaxed manner are the rule.她的朋友一般都衣着休闲，举止也轻松随意。(2) 舒适的;得到休息的 I had a sauna this morning,so now I feel really relaxed.我今天早晨去洗了个桑拿浴,现在觉得很舒坦。adv. 轻松地;自在地;舒适地;随便地65 ability n.能力, 才干66 concentratevt.& vi.集中(注意力、精神等)，全神贯注(1) 专心于; 注意; 集中（注意力）; 聚精会神 I cant concentrate when Im hungry.我饿了就无法集中精力。(2) 集中, 聚集, 使集中（或集合、聚集） The general decided to concentrate his forces near the capital.这位将军决定把他的部队集中在首都附近。(3) 浓缩, （使）浓缩 An acid solution is concentrated when it has very much acid in it.当酸性溶液里含有很多酸时, 它就被浓缩了。* concentrate (sth.) on sth.doing sth.67 amountn.量, 数量68 as a matter of factadv.事实上As a matter of fact, I didnt have anything. 事实上, 我什么也没有。Im going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact. 其实, 我明天是准备去那里。69 lossn.损失, 丢失(1) 丧失; 遗失 You should ensure yourself against loss of heat by having double glazing.你应该装双层玻璃防止热量散失。(2) 损