广东省高考英语二轮复习 语法热点突破第七讲 连词和关系词.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 语法热点突破第七讲连词和关系词一、并列连词内涵单个连词复合连词顺承and（和，同），when（恰好在这时）not_only.but_（also）（不但而且），both. and （既又，和两个都），neither.nor（既不也不）选择or（否则）otherwise（否则）or else否则转折but（但是，可是），yet（然而，可是）对比while（而，却，反之）not.but（不是而是）因果for（因为），so（因此，所以）说明祈使句（表示条件）and/or陈述句（谓语多用将来时）if条件句陈述句并列连词when主要用于主语was/were doing sth.when sb./sth. did；主语was/were about to do sth.when sb./sth. did；主语was/were on the point of doing sth.when sb./sth.did；主语had done sth.when sb./sth. did等句型中，表示“当主语正在做、正要做、刚刚做完某事，这时突然发生另外一件事”。二、状语从句的连接词状语从句种类连词时间when（当时候），while（在期间），as（当，一边一边），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（自从以来），till/until（直到才），whenever（无论何时），as soon as （一就）条件if（如果），unless（if.not）（除非，如果不），once（一旦），while（as/so long as只要），as/so long as（只要），on condition that（在的条件下），supposing/provided/providing （that）（假如）原因because（因为），as（由于），since（既然），now that（既然），seeing （that）（由于，鉴于），considering （that）（考虑到），given （that）（考虑到）结果such.that（如此以至于），so.that（如此以至于），so that（结果，以至于）目的lest（免得，以免），so that（为了，以便），in case（以防万一，以免），in order that（为了，以便），for fear that（以免，唯恐）地点where（在哪里，在地方），wherever（无论在哪里，在任何地方）比较than（比），as.as（和一样），not so/as.as（和不一样），the more. the more（越越）方式as（正如，像，按照），as_if（as though似乎，好像）让步though（虽然），although（虽然），as（尽管，虽然），while（虽然），even_if（even though即使），whether.or（不论/不管还是），what等疑问词ever（无论），no matterwhat等疑问词（无论/不管）三、定语从句引导词关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词：when，where，why在从句中充当状语。定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看引导词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。（一）1修饰物时只用which不用that的情况。（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。如：bamboo is hollow，which makes it light.（2）当关系词前有介词时。如：this is the room in which chairman mao once lived.2修饰人时只用who不用that的情况。（1）先行词为one，ones，anyone，those指代人时。如：the person i want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.i dont like those who look down upon others.（2）当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。如：the person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.（二）way在定语从句中作先行词的用法当先行词为way，关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词可用in which，that或省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：this is the way that/in_which/省略 i do such things.i dont like the way that/in_which/省略 he looks at me.this is the way that/which he has thought out.（三）若先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，而是需要弄清从句中缺少什么成分，然后再确定恰当的关系词。this is the room where i lived last year.this is the house that/which i bought last year.this is the shop where i bought my bike.this is the room that/which i lived in last year.（四）定语从句与简单句等的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导定语从句。尤其值得注意的是，逗号后面也许根本就不是一个句子，而只是一个同位语。（1）meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，which i will always treasure.（2）they have more than 100 books；most of them are english.（3）they have more than 100 books，most of which are english.（3）they have more than 100 books，and most of them are english.四、名词性从句（一）引导词1that没有任何意义，不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，故常可省略。2if/whether意为“是否”。3who，which，what，when，where，how，whoever（凡是的人）等连接代词或连接副词，这些词本身有词义，也作句子成分，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，连接副词在从句中作状语。（二）1that引导名词性从句时，没有任何意义，也不作任何句子成分；但that引导定语从句时，它代替先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如：i still remember the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。（定语从句）the naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那个淘气的孩子保证说他以后再也不吵闹了。（同位语从句）2what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句。what引导名词性从句，有时相当于“the名词that”，表示“（所）的”。（1）what_（the_thing_that）_you_said was right.你所说的是正确的。（2）i dont know what to say.（3）i like everything that you told me.3主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。（1）china has a longhistory that is known to all.its_known_to_all_that_china_has_a_long_history.4表语从句还可以用as if，as though引导。5表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或与or not连用时，只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时，只能用whether，不用if。（1）whether we will go shopping tomorrow depends on the weather.（2）let me know whether or not you can come.6同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导，不能由which引导。the fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.他一直说谎这个事实使我们感到惊讶。7当宾语从句带有补语时，要用it作形式宾语。（1）i find it necessary that we study english well.（2）she has made it clear that she will get married next month.8在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等词后的名词性从句，其谓语通常用“（should）动词原形”。my suggestion is that we should_set_off right now.即时训练并列连词练习用适当的并列连词填空1tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird.2hurry up，_ well be late for the train.3i am reading a novel，_ she is reading a letter.4_ does jack do his work well，_ he helps others with their work.5she must be out，_ the lights are out.6_ she did not speak clearly _ i did not hear well.7i never saw him again and _ did i hear from him.8use your head，_ youll find a way.9something went wrong with my bike this afternoon，_ i walked home.10li ping doesnt talk much，_ he thinks a lot.语篇填空one day i was playing the piano 1._ i heard a knock at the door.it was my neighbour jack.he wanted to buy a secondhand piano.everyone said i played the piano well,2._ he asked me to help to judge the tone of the piano.we arrived at the owners house and i looked the piano over,3._ sat down and played a mixture of honkytonk numbers 4._ classical pieces.when i finished，i said that the wood was rotten，but 5._ the sound was good and （6）_ he should buy it.when he told the woman he agreed to buy it，to his great 7._，she began to cry.8._ （concern），he asked，“whats the matter？”“we didnt know the piano 9._ play like that，” she replied.the piano wasnt for sale,10._ her daughter had to resume（重新开始）taking piano lessons.状语从句练习用适当的连词或代词填空1please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or_ it is convenient to you.2he had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.3jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.4he had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture.5if a lot of people say a film is not good，i wont bother to see it，or ill wait _ it comes out on dvd6the police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.7it was a nice meal，_ a little expensive.8the girl had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.9today，we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.10the old man asked lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.11john thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.12you may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. 13_ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.用适当的关系词填空1jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.2the old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.3weve offered her the job，but i dont know _ shell accept it.4the days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.5julie was good at german，french and russian，all of _ she spoke fluently.6mary was much kinder to jack than she was to the others，_，of course，made all the others upset.7she has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.8english is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _ uses it somewhat differently.9a bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.10it was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.11it is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12when the news came _ the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.13his writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.14im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.15id like to start my own businessthats _ id do if i had the money.16_ barbara jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.17modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.18the villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.19there is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.20between the two parts of the concert is an interval，_ the audience can buy icec