高二英语语法总复习-定语从句.ppt

TheAttributiveClause 定语从句中应注意的几个问题 修饰名词和代词的成分 定语 abeautifulflower atallboy beautiful tall 定语从句 复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen 定语从句 thebestfilm 先行词 that 关系词 概念 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen 关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 关系词的作用 1 2 3 Beijingisthecitythat whichhasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames Beijing thecity getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames 引导定语从句的关系词 关系代词 什么成分 who whom that as which whose 关系副词 什么成分 指地点where指时间when指原因why theusageoftherelativepronoun who whom which that whose theusageoftherelativeadverb when where why time place reason adverbial adverbial adverbial 定语从句 TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句 用法有何不同 TheNon RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句 起限定作用 若省略 原句意义不完整 起补充说明作用 若省略 原句意义不受影响 修饰先行词 修饰先行词 整个句子 无逗号隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 有that 无that 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 作宾语时可以省略 不可以省略 Correctmistakes 1 Underthebigtreeare34students manyofthemcomefromclasstwo 2 Isthisroomwhichyoulivein 3 Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore 4 I whoisyourteacher willtrymybesttohelpyou 5 Anyoneleaveslastshouldclosethedoor 6 Insomecountry whichisrichinoil 7 Isthisthewatchyouhaditrepairedyesterday 8 Youcanonlybesureofthatyouhaveatpresent 9 Thenewswhichhewonthegamecame 10 Heissuchacleverboyaswealllikehim 概念不清导致错误有哪些 考点一 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致 1 Iamnotonewho afraidofdifficulty 2 Don tchooseme who notfitforthisjob is am 3 Thisisoneofthebestbooks A thathaveeverbeenwrittenB thathaseverbeenwrittenC thathaswrittenD thathavewritten4 Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls wellinclass A whichsingsB whosingC whosingsD whotosing 考点二 先行词为物关系代词that和which 1 All canbedonehasbeendone 2 Doyouhaveanything youdon tunderstand that that 先行词是all everything nothing anything something much little none等不定代词 引导定语从句用that I vereadallthebooks youlentme that 先行词被any some no much few little every all very only last修饰时 引导定语从句用that 1 ThisisthebestTV ismadeinChina 2 Thefirstmuseum hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum that that 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 引导定语从句用that 1 Thefamouswriterandhisworks theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents 2 Avictimisaperson animalorthing sufferspain death harm etc that that 先行词中既有人又有事物时 引导定语从句用that 1 Which youhaveeverseenisbetterthanthis 2 Who youaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow that that Whowhich做先行词时 引导定语从句用that 1 YesterdayIboughtadictionary costmemorethan100Yuan which 在非限制性定语句中 指物用which 指人用whowhom 1 先行词为all little much everything nothing something anything等不定代词 2 先行词被all little much every no 等修饰时 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词 thefirst 形容词最高级 thebest thelast thevery theonly等时 4 先行词为人和物的组合5 若主句中有疑问代词who或者which 为了避免重复 关系代词不要再用who which 而用that 6当关系代词在丛句中作表语时 常用that 只用that的情况 Yourdiseaseisnotthecasethatitusedtobe 7 当定语从句为therebe句型时 关系代词只能是that 经常可以省略 Iknowthedifferencethatthereisbetweenyou 1 Jimpassedthedrivingtest surprisedeverybodyintheoffice A whichBthatCthisD it 只用which的情况 1 逗号后面2 介词后面 2 Theday hewasbornwasAug 20 1952 A onwhichB thatC whichD this 宜用which而不用that的情况 1 在非限制性定语从句中 2 在关系词前有介词时 3 当先行词本身是that时 4 当关系词离先行词较远时 Anyone breaksthelawispunished Those breakthelawarepunished He breaksthelawispunished 在anyone those he she I they作先行词时 用 who 代替 that 考点三 that与who的区别 who who who 6 先行词是人时只宜用who不宜用that的情况 1 当先行词是one ones anybody anyone all none those等 指人时一般用who 不用that Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool 2 在therebe开头的句子中Thereisacomradewhowantstoseeyou 3 在非限制性定语从句中Onthesecondfloor therelivedayoungman whowasaartist 1 当主句是therebe句型时 关系词用who 2 先行词是为anyone those someone everyone one等词时 关系词用who 考点四易错的whose 表示所属关系 1 Theriver banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea whose 2 Thereareinthisclass20students aredifferent A whosebackgroundsB ThebackgroundsofwhomC ofwhomthebackgroundsD thebackgroundsofwhose Whose用法及转换形式 1 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 That sthechildwhosefatherisateacher Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen 2 whose引导定语从句 其先行词不仅可以指人 还可以指物 3 whose n 可用ofwhich whom代替 但词序不同 即whose 名词 the n ofwhich ofwhich the n Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth Helivesintheroom facessouth Helivesintheroom facessouth thewindowofwhich ofwhichthewindow 考点五 关系代词与关系副词如何辨别 when where why和that which 这主要看两点 一是定语从句是否完整 即充当什么句子成分 二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词 1关系副词when Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup A thatB whileC whichD when D 先行词是表示时间的名词 用when引导定语从句 在从句作状语 注意 若定语从句缺主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句 I llneverforgettheday wefirstmetinthepark I llneverforgetthetime Ispentoncampus I llneverforgetthetime wasspentwithyou when which that which that 2关系副词where AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild A whichB whereC thatD when B 先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词 用引导定语从句 在从句做状语 常见几个抽象地点名词 如case scene stage situation condition point等作先行词 且定语从句中缺少状语时常用where引导 Lifeislikealongrace wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourseleves 生活就像一次长跑 我们不断和别人竞争以超越自己 注意1 若定语从句缺主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句 Thelibrary studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight Thelibrary wasbuiltinthe1930s needsrepairing Thelibrary youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990 where which which 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了 I vecometothepointwhereIcan tstandhim 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中 Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime 解析 如果定语从句分别修饰point situation part condition和case等表示抽象意义的词 常用where引导 意思是 到了某种地步 在某种境况中 抽象的地点有 1 Wearetryingtoreachapoint bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk 06山东 A whichB thatC whereD when2 Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself Yes there sonepoint wemustinsiston 06江西 A whyB whereC howD 高考题链接 注意2 where inwhich Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时 是定语从句 否则是状语从句 Whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions Whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions 先行词是表示原因的名词reason 用why引导定语从句时Why在从句中作状语 Thisisthereasonwhy forwhich Ididn tcomehere 但是也要注意 不是每句都能这样 Thereason shegavewasnottrue which that 3 关系副词Why 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 选用定语从句的关系词时 需注意两点 1 先行词2 关系词在从句中充当的成分 做主语 宾语 表语 定语用 做状语用 关系代词 关系副词 做题技巧 填上合适的关系词并分析原因 1 Theway heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand 2 Theway heexplainedtouswasquitesimple that which 不填 that inwhich 不填 缺状语 缺宾语 考点六 theway用做先行词 theway做先行词时 先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语 缺少主语或宾语 引导词用that which 不填 缺宾语时 主语宾语都不缺 引导词用that inwhich 不填 ThisisthesamebookasIlost ThisisthesamebookthatIlost 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 考点七 as与which 1 As引导的限制性定语从句 As引导的限制性定语从句 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 定语从句 结果状语从句 模拟训练 1 Heissuchalazyman nobodywantstoworkwith A as himB that C as D whom him2 Mrs Blacktookthepolicebackto place shewitnessedtherobbery A thesame asB thesame whereC thesame thatD asthesame as as指代一句话和which指代一句话的用法区别当主句和从句语义一致时 用as 当两句语义不一致或从句为否定时 用which Hemadealongspeech wasexpected Hemadealongspeech wasunexpected Tomdrinksaloteveryday hiswifedoesn tlikeatall as which which 2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句 as正如 与之搭配的一般是心理认知的动词1 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时 e g Asweallknow theearthisround 2 当从句和主句语义一致时 用as 反之则用which e g Shehasmarriedagain aswasexpected Shehasmarriedagain whichwasunexpected as which非限定性定语从句由as which引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句 相当于andthis或andthat As一般放在句首 which在句中 Asweknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth Thesunheatstheearth whichisveryimportanttous Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise A itB thatC whichD heItrainedhardyesterday preventedmefromgoingtothepark A thatB whichC asD it as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 1 as引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as有 正如 正像 的意思 2 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which 当as作主语时 后面常接下列句型 1 ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述2 asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样3 asiswellknown众所周知4 aswasexpected正如预料的那样5 ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样6 asweallcansee正如我们都能看到的 3 注意 Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround as As It 主语从句 考点八 介词 关系词 介词 关系代词的情况1 Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway to in 介词 关系代词的情况2 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 介词 关系代词的情况3 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 介词 关系代词的情况3 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 介词 关系代词的情况3 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 可见 who that不能用与介词之后 介词 关系代词的情况3 Themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist Thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in Arethesetwosentencesright 介词 关系代词的情况4 Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 在固定短语中介词不能提前 下面两句中的介词能提前吗 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebookshepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich underwhich ofwhich fromwhich towhom ofwhich 介词 关系代词的情况练习 介词 关系代词 提醒 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 方法一 根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 注意 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 此时关系代词只能用which或whom 不可用that或who代替 但遇固定词组时 介词一般紧跟词组主体 不作前置 Isthisthebook which that youarelookingfor 注意 介词 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词序数词 分数 百分数 不定代词 介词短语 of 关系代词 的结构 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 1 1 TherearetwoboysinPeter s bothof arewhite 2 TherearetwoboysinPeter s andbothof arewhite 2 1 Thiskindofplantgrowsbestattheplaces arewarmandwet 2 Thiskindofplantgrowsbest itiswarmandwet 定从一些常见句子 which that where whom them 3 1 Isthismuseum youvisitedtheotherday 2 Isthisthemuseum youvisitedtheotherday A thatB whereC inwhichD theone D A 4 1 Johnisoneofthestudentswho English 2 Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho English 3 Oneofthestudents English know knows knows 1 Itistheyoungman lookedfor caughtthemurderer A that whoB that theyC they thatDthey which2 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastyear A whereBinwhichC theoneDatwhich3 Thebook thecover isbroken isnotmine A ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich 5 1 Itisthelibrary Iborrowedthebook 2 Itisfromthislibrary Iborrowedthebook where 定语从句 that 强调句型 ItisthesamedressasIlost ItisthesamedressthatIlost ItissuchanicebookasIlike ItissuchanicebookthatIlikeitverymuch 注意意思的区别 难点 Makesentences InwhosedepartmentWithwhosehelpCharlieChaplin forlifewashardinthechildhood becameafamousactor where that1 Thisisthelibrary Iborrowedthebook 2 Itisfromthislibrary Iborrowedthebook where 定语从句 that 强调句型 一 定语从句与强调句区别和混合 3 WheredidyoulastseeMr Smith Itwasinthehotel Ilived A thatB whichC whereD when 考点九 综合考查 近年来 高考对定语从句和其它从句如 强调句 名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多 这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力 友情提示 试比较 Itisthehouse Imettheyoungman Itwasinthehouse Imettheyoungman where where引导定语从句 修饰house where在定语从句中作地点状语 that 本句为强调结构 可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse 1 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系 的 名词 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容 与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词 如fact news belief truth reply等 that在定语从句中作成分 可用which或who whom代替 而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分 只起连接作用 试比较 Weallhaveheardthenews ourteamwon Wedon tbelievethenews hetoldusyesterday that 同位语从句 that从句表示news的内容 that在从句中不作任何成分 that which 定语从句 that作told的宾语 二 定语从句与同位语从句 1 Weallhaveheardthenews ourteamwon 2 Wedon tbelieveinthenews hetoldusyesterday that that which 三 定语从句与表语从句 Theplace thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe thecross rivertrafficistheheaviest 05江苏 A which whereB atwhich whichC atwhich whereD which inwhich that which 四 定语从句与主语从句 五 定语从句与并列句 Heissuchagoodteacher wealllikehim 3 定语从句与主语从句 试比较 isknowntousall paperwasfirstmadeinChina isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina that that引导结果状语从句 such that 如此 以致 As as引导定语从句 指代整个主句内容 可置于句首 It it做形式主语 代替that引导的主语从句 定语从句与状语从句 试比较 Heleftthekey hehadbeenanhourbefore Helefttheplace helivedformanyyears Heissuchagoodteacher allofusloveandrespect where where引导地点状语从句 相当于intheplacewhere where where引导定语从句 修饰theplace as as引导定语从句 六定语从句与状语从句 区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句 Whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions Whenyoureadbooks youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions 状语从句 定语从句 七 定语从句与结果状语 八 疑问句中考查定语从句eg Isthisthefarm youvisitedlastweek A whereB theoneC onwhichD 友情提示 最好的解决方法 还原法 先把疑问句还原成陈述句 然后判断谁是先行词 再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分 小试牛刀 1 Isthisthehotel hestayedlastyear A theoneB thatC whereD which2 Isthishotel hestayedlastyear A theonewhereB thatC theoneD which C A 九 倒装句中考查定语从句eg Wecametoaplace stoodabigtower A whichB thatC D where 友情提示 对于使用倒装语序的定语从句 应先把倒装语序还原成正常的语序 小试牛刀 1 Look theyareclimbingupamountain topstandsatemple A whichB whereC onwhoseD onwhich2 WhenIcameinthatevening thedoorofcock ssittingroomwasopen cheersandtelevisionmusic A throughwhichcamelaughterB laughtercamethroughwhichC camelaughterthroughitD itthroughcamelaughter C A 十 拆分词组和固定搭配eg Thesecondisconnectedwiththeuse thebodymakesoffood A ofwhichB whereC todoD that 友情提示 这类题解题的关键是把拆开的词组还原 此句中被拆的词组是 makeuseof 小试牛刀 1 Whycannotyourealizethepart theyhaveplayedinourlife A whichB onwhichC whenD where2 Theadvantageyou timeisreallypractical A takeB makeC takeofD makeof A C 十一 添加插入语或状语eg Thescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery Ibelieveisofgreatimportance A thatB C whichD why 友情提示 做这类题时最佳的方法是 删除法 删去插入语或状语 常见的插入语有 Ithink inmyopinion totellyouthetruth等等 小试牛刀 1 Nextwinter Iamsure youwillspendinHarbin willbeanotherexcitingholiday A whichB inwhichC whenD where2 Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleinplay ofcourse madetheothersunhappy A whoB whichC thisD what A B 十二 插入非谓语动词eg Isthistheman youwanttohave theradioforme A Who repairedB that repairedC whom repairingD that repair 友情提示 这类题的最好方法就是还原法 此题可还原为 Youwanttohavethemanrepairtheradioforme 小试牛刀 1 Ilayinbed listeningtothemusicIhad outofmyradio A flowB flowingC flewD toflow2 Themanagerdiscussedtheplan theywouldliketosee thenextyear A that carriedoutB who carriedoutC which carryoutD that carryingout B A Correctthesentences 9 ThisisthelasttimewhenI vegivenyoulessons 10 Soontheycametoafarmhouse andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy 11 Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame 12 The