unit1 learna foreign language 的语言点.ppt

1 Whoare WilliamShakespeare and CharlesDickens 2 Whyaretheymentionedintheadvertisements ThereisoftenareferencetoWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore Thepeoplewhoruntheadvertisementsjustwanttousequotationstosupporttheirpoints DetailedReading IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded Whatistheauthor sprofession HemustbeanEnglishteacherwhosejobistotrainqualifiedEnglishteachers DetailedReading anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation 1 Whatarethemeaningandtheusageofthephrase itisnouse 1 Thephrasemeans ithasnoeffect 2 WheneverweusethisphraseweshouldalwaysusetheV ingformafterit It snousecomplaining It snousecryingoverspiltmilk he sspentallthemoney andthere snothingyoucandoaboutit Moreexamples 2 TranslatethispartintoChinese 而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法 DetailedReading Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents 1 Whatcanwelearnfromtheexpression Thisistruetoacertainextent but Wecanseetheauthordoesn ttotallyagreewiththepreviousstatement 2 Then what intheauthor sopinion ishelpfultostudents StudentsshouldhavesomegoodmethodsinlearningEnglish DetailedReading Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries Whatcanweinferfromthephrase gototheoppositeextreme Fromthisphrase wecanseethattheauthordoesn tthinklearningEnglishbyusingdictionariesonlyisagoodmethod either DetailedReading ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词 或反之亦然 那就错了 DetailedReading Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees thesemethodsmightbesuccessful Whatcanweinferfromthesentence Theauthorusessubjunctivemoodheretoshowhedisagreeswithbehaviorists DetailedReading Humanbeings unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees canrelatethemtotheirownlives Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanbeingswithparrotsandchimpanzees TheauthordoessoinordertotellushumanbeingsspeakEnglishbecausetheyareinterestedinit DetailedReading Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication 1 Payattentiontotheusageoftheword worth WhenweusethisexpressionweshouldalwaysusetheV ingformaftertheword worth neveraninfinitive 2 Paraphrasethesentence Itislikelytogiveasatisfactoryorrewardingreturnforustokeepinmindthatlanguageisawaytocommunicate Thebookisworthreading It sworthreadingthebook Moreexamples DetailedReading Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西 DetailedReading personal adj concerning belongingto orfortheuseofaparticularperson private Mypersonalviewisthatthestudentsshouldbedoingmoreworkoutsidetheclassroom WhenIwenttoherroomallherpersonalbelongingshadgone DetailedReading advertisement n apicture shortfilm song etc whichtriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice atelevision newspaperadvertisementforanewcar TheyputanadvertisementinTheMorningNews offeringahighsalaryfortherightperson Collocation answeranadvertisement应广告之聘putanadvertisementin on在 做广告runanadvertisement做广告buythingsfrom inadvertisements购买广告上宣传的商品 DetailedReading TheorganizersoftheconcerthadtakenoutafullpageadvertisementinTheNewYorkTimes claim Allpartieshaveclaimedsuccessinyesterday selections Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct makesyouthinwithoutdieting 1 vt statethatsth istrue eventhoughithasnotbeenproved 战斗结束后 双方均宣称获胜 Afterthebattlebothsidesclaimedvictory DetailedReading onone spart oforbysomeone Therehasneverbeenanyjealousyonmypart Itwasprobablyjustamistakeonherpart 我从没有感到忌妒 DetailedReading fluently adv fluent adj oftenusedwithin ofaperson speaking writing orplayingamusicalinstrumentinaneasysmoothmanner ThecompanywillgiveprioritytoanapplicantwhoisfluentinEnglish HespeaksfluentSpanish DetailedReading areferencebook参考书 工具书areferencelibrary 不外借书的 参考书阅览室forreference作参考in withreferenceto关于 reference n Knowingwhathadhappened Iavoidedmakinganyreferencetoweddings 他最近出的书中提到了中东问题 1 amentionofsth 2 sth thatshowsyouwheretolookforinformation egthepagenumberofanotherplaceinabook出处 附注 HisrecentbookmakesreferencestotheissueoftheMideast Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform 3 theactoflookingatsth forinformation Usethedictionaryforeasyreference Keeptheirpricelistforfurtherreference Collocation DetailedReading efficiently adv efficient adj workingwell quickly andwithoutwaste anefficientsecretary 能干的秘书 anefficientheatingsystem 高效能的供暖系统 Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary 1 Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoreduceunemployment 2 Weneedsomeonereallywhocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly 3 Thecity stransportsystemisoneofthemostinEurope 4 Anteacherwillalwaysproducebetterexamresults effective efficient efficient effective DetailedReading 这两个形容词均有 有效的 之意 指积极有效 效率高 效果好 节省精力 指人时 强调其能干 熟练的技巧 强调产生实际的效果 效力或具有取得预期效果的能力 指人指物都适用 argue 1 vi disagreewithsomeoneinwords ofteninanangryway 我们听到邻居正在争吵 Wecouldheartheneighborsarguing They realwaysarguingabout overmoney 2 v givethereasonsforone sopinion idea belief etc Thelawyersarguedthecaseforhours Bakerarguedagainstcuttingthemilitarybudget arguedown驳倒 Collocation Theyarguedhimdownfiercely 他们狠狠地驳得他哑口无言 arguethetoss反对某项已成定局的决定 argueout辩论清楚 Theteacherandhisclassarguedthewholematterout 老师和学生透彻地论证了这个问题 Let snotarguethetoss wehavetoaccepthischoice 我们不必争论已经决定的事 只好听他的 DetailedReading individual 1 n asinglepersonorthing especiallywhencomparedtothegrouporsettowhichtheybelong 每一个人都有永远不可剥夺的权利 Everyindividualhasrightswhichmustneverbetakenaway anindividualeffort contribution 2 adj 1 single separate Eachindividualpersonisresponsibleforhisownarrangements foodservedinindividualportions 2 oforforoneperson byorfromoneperson 按一人一份供给的食物 个人的努力 贡献 DetailedReading personality n 1 thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson 他是个个性很强的有抱负的人 Hewasanambitiousmanwithastrongpersonality 2 afamousperson Everyonelovesherforhercheerfulpersonality personalitiesfromthefilmworld 影界名流 RogerFedererisoneofthebest knownpersonalitiesintheworldoftennis DetailedReading 主要指一个人稳定的心理特征 例如 Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered theygotalongasfriends 虽然他们性格迥异 但却相处友好 Whatdoesherhandwritingtellyouabouthercharacter 你从她的书法中看出她有什么样的个性 It shisnaturetobekindtopeople 他天生为人厚道 Thegirlhasasweettemper 那女孩性情温婉 DetailedReading 这些名词均有 性格 气质 性情 习性 之意 指天生的 不可改变的性格 例如 指从感情方面体现出来 决定处理问题的方式的性格或性情 这种性情可以是暂时的也可以是长久的 例如 指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价 常常与道德有关 例如 nodoubt almostcertainly veryprobably 想必你要在吃饭前打开行李休息一下 Nodoubtyou llwanttounpackandhavearestbeforedinner Wewill nodoubt discusstheseissuesagainatthenextmeeting DetailedReading toacertainextent tothedegreespecified 他们的资金在一定程度上来自广告收入 Theyarefinancedtoacertainextentbyadvertisingrevenue Iagreewithwhatyousaytoacertainextent DetailedReading haveanadvantage over havesth thathelpsonetobemoresuccessfulthanothers Herexperiencemeantthatshehadabigadvantageoverheropponent Peoplewhohavebeentouniversityhaveabigadvantagewhenitcomestofindingjobs DetailedReading gotoextremes acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway 他们往往持极端观点 Theyoftengotoextremesintheirviews gofromoneextremetotheother从一个极端走向另一个极端bedriven forcedtoextremes被迫走极端 Collocation Inthejungle theyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive 在丛林中 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动 intheextreme极端 极度 非常 Hermannerwasfriendlyandwelcomingintheextreme 她的态度极其友好热情 DetailedReading assume vt accept sth astruebeforethereisproof 我假定他说的是真的 Iassumedhisstorytobetrue Thereportwasassumedtobevalid Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool DetailedReading 这些动词均含有 假设 猜想 推测 之意 指无根据地武断推测或不合逻辑地推理 强调以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实 常用词 意义较广泛 指缺乏确切事实 根据一些现象进行推测 也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定 有时仅表示个人意见 Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary 1 Manyscientiststhenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution 2 Ididn tseeyourcar soIyou dgoneout 3 Wehavenoreasontothatthegirlisdead assumed presumed suppose DetailedReading precise adj exactinform detail measurements time etc 就在我昏倒之时 他一把拉住了我 HecaughtmeattheprecisemomentthatIfainted Itwasdifficulttogetpreciseinformationonwhenthewarbrokeout NB 注意该词的词性变化 它的副词形式 名词形式与反义词分别为 precisely precision和imprecise DetailedReading equivalent 美国的国会大致相当于英国的议会 TheUSCongressisroughlyequivalenttotheBritishParliament ThereisnoEnglishequivalentfor bonapp tit sowehaveadoptedtheFrenchexpression 1 n sth thathasthesamevalue purpose function etc assth else 2 adj havingthesameamount value purpose qualities etc Ihadnodollars butofferedhimanequivalentamountofsterling DetailedReading viceversa usedtostatethatitisalsotruewiththemainitemsintheprecedingstatementtheotherwayround 男孩也许会拒绝与女孩一起玩 女孩也一样 Theboysmayrefusetoplaywiththegirls andviceversa Hedoesn ttrusther andviceversa DetailedReading provide vt givesth tosomeoneormakeitavailabletothem becausetheyneeditorwantit 这本小册子提供了当地各类服务的有用信息 Thisbookletprovidesusefulinformationaboutlocalservices Puttingmorepoliceonpatroldoesn tprovidearealsolutiontotheproblemofincreasingviolence Pattern providesb withsth providesth forsb Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork 旅馆为客人们提供擦鞋服务 Thehotelprovidesashoe cleaningserviceforguests DetailedReading letalone nottomention muchless Wehavenohospital letaloneanisolationward Hehasn tenoughmoneyforfood letaloneamusements DetailedReading base 这个电影是以马克 吐温的小说为题材的 ThefilmisbasedonanovelbyMarkTwain Theirrelationshipwasbasedon uponmutualrespect 1 vt usu pass placeorestablish providewithabaseorcenter 2 n 1 thelowestpartofsomething esp thepartonwhichsomethingstands Thereisaholeinthebaseofthetree Thereisadooratthebaseofthetower 2 aplacewherepeopleinamilitaryorganizationliveandwork amilitarybase anavalbase 军事基地 海军基地 anairbase 空军基地 DetailedReading Thelampstandsonacircularbase 落地灯由圆形底座支撑 Someofthemilitarybasesonthisislandwerebuiltinthe19thcentury 这个岛上的一些军事基地建于19世纪 Charitytowardothersisthebasisofherphilosophy 慈善待人是她人生观的基点 Theearthquakeshookthefoundationsofthehouse 地震连屋基都震动了 Thosethoughtsrockedherbelieftoit