M9U1Grammar定语从句复习.doc

M9U1 Grammar 一轮复习-定语从句复习 主备：曹春荣 M9U1 Grammar Overview of attributive clauses 主备：曹春荣 施教日期：一、定义及相关术语1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一定成分。关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或主句内容 主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose(of whomof which) 人或物定语as物或主句内容主语、宾语关系副词when(适当介词which) 时间状语where(适当介词which) 地点状语why(for which) 原因状语一）、定语从句考点与难点归纳：考点1：that 与 which1指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：1)当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词时，只用that。2)当先行词被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时，只用that。3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。4)先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that。6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that。Exercises:1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3) Who is the man _ is standing there? 4) All _ can be done has been done.5) This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy.6) The first place _ they visited in London was the Big Ben.7) Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ we have learned?8) Who is the man _ is standing there? 9) They have set up a company, _ deals with the things _ are related to environment protection.10) Hangzhou is no longer the city _- it used to be.考点2：the way用做先行词（看其在从句中充当状语还是充当宾语）。若the way在定语从句中充当状语，则定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。若充当宾语，则定语从句由that或which引导，也可省略。填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1. The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2. The way _he explained to us was quite simple.3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （高考题链接） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which考点3：“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。1)某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。This is the book _I am looking for.2)“介词关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词关系代词”之后。He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.He loved his parents deeply, _ are very kind to him.3)介词which / whomto do结构可以改为：介词which / whom定语从句。I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.I dont have enough money with which _ such an expensive dress.4)在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词which 名词”结构，相当于and + in/at/during + this/that名词。e.g: He was very ill, in _ case(and in _ case)we sent him to hospital first. She lost her temper, at _ point(and at _ point) I decided to go back home. Mike was a student at the university from 1998 to 2004, during _ time(and during _time) he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. Exercises：介词+关系代词的使用1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris. 4. This is the child _ I will take care of.5. I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. (高考题链接） A. of that B. of which C. that D. which考点4：定语从句中的主谓一致1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.2) one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词；the (only) one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词 He is one of the students who _ going to attend the lecture. He is the only one of the students who _ going to attend the lecture. 3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He has passed the exam, which _ us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China, as _ known to all.4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。To own a TV set in each family, which we think _ impossible 30 years ago, now has become true.难点一：as的用法 as 引导的定语从句和非限制性定语从句知识点归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas, the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as we (had) expected, as is often the case, as anybody can see ,as often happens, as is mentioned above . 1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. The earth is round, _ is known to all. 3. _ is known to all, the earth is round.考点： 区别suchas/(soas)引导的定语从句和such/sothat引导的结果状语从句判断用that还是as, 只要看到底是结果状语从句还是定语从句，即看从句的结构是否完整。如果从句缺了主语或宾语就是定语从句；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句。1. He is such a good boy _ everyone likes him. (_从句)2. He is such a good boy _ everyone likes. (_从句)3. The great white shark is so fierce a fish _ eats most of the others. _从句)难点二：一些特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。一些特殊的先行词如： situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语时用that/which，作状语时用where/when或介词which。1. The country is in the situation _ a war will break out at any time.2. Ive come to the point _ I cant stand him.3. There is one point _ we must insist on. 4. Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.难点三：综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力综合考查一：定语从句与强调句、状语从句wherethat1. This is the library _ I borrowed the book.2. It is from this library _ I borrowed the book. 3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel _ I lived.A. that B. which C. where D. when4. It was this small village (that/which) we got to know each other. _5. It was in this small village that we got to know each other. _6. It was 1914 when the war broke out. _7. It was in 1914 that the war broke out. _8. It was 1914, when the war broke out. _综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句that/ which1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：(1) 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词常是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。Word came _ he had gone abroad. ( )His mother did all _she could to help him with his study. ( )(2) 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. ( )The mother made a promise _pleased all her children. ( )(3) 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别。有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。Today we have little idea _ a hard life the Red Army was then leading.综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 综合考查四：定语从句与非谓语动词相结合The managers discussed the plan _ they would like to see _ (carry) out next year. 考点突破1. I need to call my friend David _ coat I walked off by mistake yesterday. (2010福建厦门外国语学校高三模拟) A. in whose B. in that C. with which D. with her2. Is it the years _ you worked in Africa as a doctor _ have a great effect on your literary works？(2011四川成都市三校高三联考)A. that; where B. that; that C. when; where D. when; that3. As was expected, only five people turned up at the party, _ disappointed the hostess very much.(2010河南商丘市高三模拟)A. which B. that C. who D. where4. We hope the measures to control prices, _ are taken by the government, will succeed. (2010北京市重点中学高三考前预测)A. as B. when C. since D. after 5. Bill Gates has created a wonderful “window” _ people can surf the Internet freely.(2010重庆高三模拟)A. that B. which C. where D. when6. There must be a time in every mans life _.(2010四川棠湖中学高三考前训练)A. that he is in low spirits B. which he is in low spiritsC. when he is in low spirits D. then he is in low spirits 7. He expressed his gratitude to his head teacher, without _ help he wouldnt have made such great progress in his studies.(2010安徽合肥市高三质量检测)A. whose B. his C. whom D. which8. Could it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you left behind your keys and wallet？(2011甘肃天水市三中高三月考)A. which; which B. which; that C. that; where D. where; where9. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together in the countryside. (2010辽宁锦州一中年高三测试)A. when B. on which C. which D. in which10. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked.(2011河南郑州四中高三第一次调考)A. there B. that C. where D. there11. A good ad often uses words _ people attach positive meanings. (2011四川成都市三校高三联考)A. in which B. to which C. which D. that 12. On the flight to Chongqing, the memory of my childhood, _ I was my fathers shadow, came flooding back. (2010重庆模拟)A. as B. when C. while D. where13. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what14. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.(2011云南曲靖一中高三月考)A. that B. when C. which D. where 15. An official said the plan had also taken migrant workers into account, _ medical care would be provided even if they didnt have a stable job.(2010江苏泰州/南通市高三第三次模拟)A. for whom B. for which C. with whom D. with which 16. I wouldnt eat potatoes unless Im really starving, in _ case you eat almost anything. (2010江苏宿迁市二模)A. whose B. one C. what D. which17. Our goal is to build a harmonious society _ all people are well educated, workers well paid, patients well treated, elders well tended, and families well accommodated. (2010江苏宜兴市高三模拟)A. which B. that C. in which D. in that18. We will take the conditions into careful consideration _ you have attached to this contract. Thanks. Wish our future cooperation pleasant.(2010江苏六合高级中学高三冲刺模拟)A. after B. when C. what D. which19. Barry hid himself behind the door, from _ he could hear the steps of his father clearly. (2010江苏淮安市高三5月调研)A. which B. that C. when D. where20. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that D. who learn21. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who _ in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working22. Didnt you see the man _？ A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 23. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom24. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about25. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which26. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom27. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs28. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. A. that B. which C. whos D. whose 29. He is the only one of the boys who _ the piano well. A. plays B. play C. playing D. are playing30. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose高考链接：1. (2007江苏) He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that2. (2008江苏) The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A. which B. whatC. thatD. where3. (2008湖南) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that4. (2008四川) For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example.A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which5. (2008上海) We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which6. (2008全国) The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. it B. what C. which D. that7. (2008陕西) The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which8. (2008北京) Ill give you your friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings.A. which B. when C. whom D. where9. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东)A. who B. which C. whyD. when10. I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more. (2008辽宁)A. onceB. when C. sinceD. although11. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian get back. (2008北京)A. before B. since C. till D. after12. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. (2008浙江)A. whom B. where C. that D. which13. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold. (2008天津)A. since B. if C. unless D. until14. The companies ar