气缸论文：基于超声减摩原理的气缸摩擦特性研究.doc

气缸论文：基于超声减摩原理的气缸摩擦特性研究【中文摘要】气缸作为气动系统中最常见的执行机构,广泛应用于自动化生产中。然而,气缸摩擦力是对加工质量、定位精度以及对设备使用寿命产生不良影响的主要原因之一。作为一种新颖的减摩方式,超声减摩近年来受到了广泛的重视与深入的研究。本文将对橡胶铝合金摩擦副间的超声减摩原理进行探究并将其应用于气缸减摩中,以求改善气缸的静摩擦特性。本文建立了平面接触摩擦副静摩擦力的物理模型。通过推导超声波在铝合金板上传播的振动方程,讨论了其对平面接触静摩擦力的影响。针对气缸密封圈与缸筒内壁之间的摩擦,建立了超声振动作用于缸筒外壁条件下的物理模型。通过对一定气压下密封圈形状的改变及摩擦副间接触状态变化的探讨解释了气缸在超声振动下的减摩机理。运用ANSYS对超声振动下铝合金平板与气缸的振型进行仿真。超声波激振下的铝合金平板或气缸上各点以驻波的形式在原位置附近做竖直方向的简谐振动。同时,与铝合金平板类似,在气缸上传播的机械波各波腹振动幅值相仿,分布均匀,且它们的几何中心处是驻波的波腹之一,具有最大的振动幅值。搭建橡胶/铝合金摩擦副基础试验测试系统,实现了对超声振动下的橡胶金属摩擦副间的最大静摩擦力与极限位移的研究。橡胶与铝合金材料间的最大静摩擦力可以减小为常态下的23.1%。并且,不论是否加入超声振动,橡胶金属摩擦副间的最大静摩擦力随着法向压力的增加而增大。增加超声振动的振幅或增大橡胶与金属板的接触面积均会减小最大静摩擦力与极限位移。创建气缸的超声减摩测试系统,通过在气缸外壁引入超声振动的方式大幅度减小了气缸的最大摩擦力与极限位移。在工况下超声振动的引入可以将气缸的最大静摩擦力减小为常态下的36.3%,将极限位移减小为常态下的25%。增大激励电压并且使作用于气缸上的超声振动频率处于谐振频率附近均可改善气缸的静摩擦特性。【英文摘要】As one of the most common actuating mechanisms in pneumatic system, pneumatic cylinder is widely applied in automatic production. However, the friction of the cylinder is one of the main reasons for affecting process quality, positioning accuracy and the life span of equipments. Friction reduction by ultrasonic vibrations is a novel means for reducing friction and has attracted a wide attention and deep investigations in these years. This article will study on the theory of friction reduction by ultrasonic vibrations between rubber and aluminum alloy flat plate and applied it on reducing the cylinder friction in order to improve the static friction characteristics of pneumatic cylinder.This article founded the static friction physical model of flat-flat contacting body couples. The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the static friction was discussed by derivating the formula of ultrasonic wave transmitting on aluminum alloy plate. Aiming at the friction between piston seal and the inner surface of barrel, a physical model with ultrasonic vibrations is established. The friction reduction mechanism was explained by analyzing the deformation of seal and the contacting states of friction couples.The modes of aluminum alloy flat plate and cylinder were simulated in the presence of ultrasonic vibrations with ANSYS. The particles on aluminum alloy plate and cylinder vibrate in a form of standing wave. Meanwhile, similar to the simulation results of aluminum alloy plate, the maximum amplitude of mechanical wave transmitting on cylinder is nearly the same, with a well-distributed state. Their geometry center is one of the wave loops of standing wave and has the largest vibration amplitude.The test system for the basic investigations of rubber/aluminum friction couple is constructed and the study of static friction and ultimate displacement between rubber and metal in the presence of ultrasonic vibrations are realized. The static friction with vibrations can be reduced to 23.1% of that without vibrations. Moreover, the static friction rises when the normal load increases, no matter whether ultrasonic vibrations are introduced. Increasing the vibration amplitude or the contacting area can both reduce the static friction and ultimate displacement.The test system of ultrasonic vibration induced friction reduction was established. The static friction and ultimate displacement can both be reduced sharply by introducing ultrasonic vibrations on the outside barrel of cylinder. The friction can be reduced to 36.3% of that without vibrations when the cylinder is working on a certain pressure. The ultimate displacement can be reduced to 25%. Increasing the exciting voltage and making the cylinder work at resonant frequency can both improve the static friction characteristics.【关键词】气缸 摩擦力 极限位移 超声振动 减摩【英文关键词】pneumatic cylinder friction ultimate displacement ultrasonic vibrations friction reduction【目录】基于超声减摩原理的气缸摩擦特性研究摘要4-5Abstract5-6第1章 绪论9-211.1 课题的来源与背景9-101.2 气缸摩擦力的研究进展10-141.2.1 气缸摩擦力的影响101.2.2 改善摩擦特性的国内外研究现状10-141.3 超声减摩的研究进展14-191.3.1 超声减摩的基本原理14-151.3.2 超声减摩的国内外研究进展15-191.4 本课题的研究内容19-21第2章 超声减摩的理论分析21-312.1 引言212.2 橡胶材料超声减摩的理论分析21-272.2.1 平面接触摩擦副的物理模型21-252.2.2 超声波在金属板上传播的振动方程25-272.2.3 超声振动对平面接触摩擦副的影响272.3 超声振动下气缸摩擦力的理论分析27-302.4 本章小结30-31第3章 超声振动下平板与气缸的仿真分析31-383.1 引言313.2 平面接触超声振动的仿真分析31-343.2.1 平面接触超声振动的建模31-333.2.2 平面接触超声振动的求解33-343.3 气缸的超声振动仿真分析34-363.3.1 气缸及超声换能器的建模34-363.3.2 气缸及超声换能器的求解363.4 本章小结36-38第4章 橡胶/铝合金摩擦副基础试验研究38-474.1 引言384.2 橡胶/铝合金摩擦副测试系统的搭建38-414.3 橡胶/铝合金摩擦副测试系统的测试41-464.3.1 超声振动下铝合金平板的振型测试41-424.3.2