高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 基本句型.doc

2013高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 基本句型英语的五种基本句型结构： 主语 + 不及物动词 (sv) 主语 + 连系动词 (svc) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (svo) 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(svod) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(svoc) s + v he works. he is studying. 主语谓语(vi.) 状语(从句) the sun sets in the west. he went nowhere 主语谓语(vi.) 名词短语 we had come a long way. he waited (for) two years.2. s + v + c he is a student / in yellow / there 主语 + be + 表语表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、 介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语这些连系动词包括：appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn bob lay sick. his dream comes true.3. s + v + o an idea struck me. 主语谓语(v. + prep)宾语 it depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to, arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to, prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about 主语谓语(v. + adv.)宾语 i thought over the plan. i thought it over. 备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give innotice: v + adv. + prep. get along with, add up to, do away with, break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of, take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in 主语谓语宾语介词宾语 the teacher punished him for being late. congratulate him on his success. compare this with that.4. s + v + o + d (间接宾语由代词和名词充当) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 will you lend me your pen, please ? she bought him many toys. 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词 will you lend your pen to me, please ? she bought many toys for him. 备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave5. s + v + o + c 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种： 主表关系； 主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当 主表： i find the book interesting. (主谓宾形容词) i saw him there. (主谓宾副词) i found the book on the desk.(主谓宾介词) we elected him monitor. (主谓宾名词) 主谓：they saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词） where did you see him knocked down?(主谓宾过分词) what makes you think so ?(主谓宾动词不定式)it 句型1. it + be + adj. + (for sb) to do sth sth + be + adj. + to do it is not easy to learn english. (english is not easy to learn.) 备用词：difficult, necessary, important, quick, hard, etc.2. it + be + adj. + of sb to do sth sb. + be + adj. + to do sth it was foolish of tom to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire. (tom was foolish to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.) 备用词：wise, clever, bright, kind, nice, silly, stupid, cruel, etc.3. it takes sb + some time + to do sth sb spends time in doing sth it took him two days to find the elephant. (he spent two days in finding the elephant.)4. it is no use doing sth. it is no use regretting your past mistakes. 备用词：no good, useless, etc.5. it costs sb. + money + to do sth it cost them 36,000 francs to buy the necklace. the necklace cost them 36,000 francs . they spent 36,000 franc on the necklace. they spent 36,000 francs (in) buying the necklace. they paid 36,000 francs for the necklace. they bought the necklace for 36,000 francs.6. it + be + adj. (n.) + that-clause it is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. it is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 备用词：natural, surprising, true, wonderful, etc.7.it + be + adj. + that-clause (should do sth) it is necessary that he (should) be present at the meeting. 备用词：strange, important,impossble8. it + be + p.p. + that-clause it is said that he has been ill for years. (he is said to have been) 备用词：reported, known, believed, decided, announced, etc.9. it + be + p.p. + that-clause (should do sth.) it is demanded that the homework (should) be finished at once. 备用词：ordered, suggested, required, requested, etc.10. it seems + that-clause sb. + seems + to do sth. it seems that they are talking. (they seem to be talking.) 备用词：happen11. it is + some time since-clause sb. has + p.p. + for time it is three years since he came here. (he has been here for years.)12. it is + 被强调部分 + that (who) it is through struggle that we learn this truth.13. it + be time + for sth / to do sth. / that-clause it is time for supper. it is time to have supper. it is time that we should have supper. it is time that we had supper.14. it + be + long(时间段）+ before-clause it will not be long before we turn our hope into reality.15. it is (just) like sb. to do sth. 该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。its like him to leave the work to others.他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。it isnt like him to have said anything like that.他可不是说出那种话的人。16. it is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型为“该由某人做。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。there be 结构1、主谓一致： there is a pen and two books on the desk.2、反意问句： there used to be a well there, use(d)nt / didnt there?3、各种时态： there will be a film this afternoon. there is going to be a lecture tomorrow. there have been great change in our city since 1988. 4、there be中的非谓语形式： there are a lot of students waiting outside. there were eleven people killed in this accident. theres someone at the door to see you. (there being no bus, we had to walk home.)5、含情态动词： there must (may, might) be rain tomorrow. there ought to be no trouble6、与其它动词连用： there seems to be a reason for changing their plan. there are likely to be more difficulties than expected. there happens to be nobody in the room. i dont want there to be any trouble.7、there + v. there goes the bell. on the hill (there) stands a house.8、there is no denying the fact + that从句（不可否认的.） 例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。 there is no denying the fact that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.主谓一致原则1、or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接并列主语时， 谓语与邻近主语一致 not only she but also i am going there.2、as well as, (together) with,along with连接并列主语时，谓语与前面主语一致 dr. smith (together) with his two sons is going paris.3、there be 中主语并列时，可随紧挨 be 的词一致或用复数 there is (are) a boy and two girls in the room. notice: there is a pair of trousers here.4、both, many, several, few作主语时，谓语用复数 few are here this morning.5、时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数作主语，当整体看，谓语用单数two feet isnt long enough.6、and连接并列主语的情况 my father and mother are away on business. the worker and writer is from paris. the worker and the writer are from paris. bread and butter is a daily food in the west. every (each, no) desk and every (each, no) chair is made of wood.one and a half 后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。7、the + adj. (-ing, -ed)表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示一类事物， 谓语用单数 the rich get richer and the poor get poorer in many countries.8、neither (of), either (of), each (of)作主语，谓语用单数 neither of them is a driver.9、any-, every-, some- no-作主语，谓语用单数 is everybody here ?10、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数 to see is to believe. what i have done is what i should do.11. all of, some of, any of, most of, none of, plenty of, percent of, half of 等作主语，根据 of 后的词决定 the houses are on show. most of the work has been done. the students are girls. ninety percent of the money is hers.12. kind of + n., 由kind 决定 this kind of apples is very good. apples of this kind are very good.13. such (倒装) such is what he said. such are his words.14. east, west, south, north的倒装 east of the city is (lies) a lake. (are / lie two lakes)15. 强调句中 its i who am going to japan.16. 定语从句中 i, who am a student, will be a doctor.17.a great deal of ( a large amount of , a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。18.a number of , ( a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。但the number of +主语，其谓语动词用单数。19.代词 none, neither 作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。20. 一些只有复数形式的词作主语时( clothes , trousers , shoes , .)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有a pair of 修饰时，则用单数。21. 关系词who, that , which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但one of + 复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only ) one of +复数名词 + that 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。22. 以what 引起的主语从句 the rest , the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。exercises:1.three _ died in the terrible fire in luoyang last winter.a. hundreds peopleb. hundred peoplec. hundreds peoplesd. hundred peoples2. either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. a. is handing out b. are to hand outc. are handing outd. is to hand out3. i, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.a. amb. isc. are d. be4. the olympic games in the year 2008 _ in beijing of china, which _ known to us all. a. is to hold; is b. is to be held; wasc. are to hold; isd. are to be held; is5. there _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so i asked mary to sweep _ up. a. were; itb. are; them c. was; itd. is; them6. three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.a. is exploitedb. are exploited c. had exploited d. have exploited7. stories of the long march _ popular with the young people now.a. isb. wasc. are d. were8. mathematics _ the language of science.a. areb. are going to be c. isd. is to be9. both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.a. isb. arec. was d. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?a. haveb. hadc. has d. is11. what the children in the mountain village need _ good books.a. is b. arec. have d. has12. the whole family _ tv attentively.a. are watchingb. is watching c. is seeingd. are seeing13. nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday. a. was b. werec. have beend. would be14. at the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. a. were b. was c. is d. sits15. if law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.a. are not preservedb. is not preservedc. were preservedd. have not been preserved16. there _ little change in that middle school.a. haveb. hadc. have beend. has been17. what such a sunset is _ strange to us all.a. going to beb. / c. isd. that18. seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.a. is coveredb. is covering c. were covered d. are covered19. the following _ some other mental diseases.a. being b. arec. was d. were20. not only you but also i _ able to help him out.a. areb. isc. amd. were21. “ the kites” _ us a story of the kites history.a. have toldb. tellsc. were toldd. was told22. you and i _ twin sisters.a. wereb. arec. isd. am23. a teacher of english and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers. a. are tellingb. is tellingc. are given d. were given24. thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.a. rots awayb. rot awayc. h