高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题12 名词性从句教学案（教师版）.doc

2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题12 名词性从句（教学案，教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】名词性从句是高考的常考点。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；学习时尤其要注意区分和归纳what/that/wh-ever/whether等的语义功能和语法功能。【重点知识整合】名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词有：从属连词that，whether，if ，wh-连接代词和连接副词，关系代词what，whatever等。 一、that从句 1that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： (1)it+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。it is probable that he has told her everything.他可能已经把所有事情都告诉她了。【例】it is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.a. as b. which c. whether d. that (2)it+be+名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。 its a pity that we cant go.真可惜我们不能去。 its no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。 (3)it+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。 it is said that mr green has arrived in beijing. 据说格林先生已经到达北京了。 it is decided that the meeting has been put off till next monday. 根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。 (4)以下情况用虚拟语气 it is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth. it is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth. 2作动词的宾语 (1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，此时that不可省略。 we consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。 he has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。注意：一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。(2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作except，in，but的宾语。 he differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。 you may depend on it that i shall always help you. 我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。 3作形容词的宾语 某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连接词that可省略。 im afraid you dont understand what i said just now. 我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。 mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams妈妈很高兴，她的女儿通过了考试。 4作表语 (1)连接词that不可省略。 (2)主句的主语是reason，则表语从句只能用that引导。 the reason why he was late for class is that he didnt catch the early bus.他上课迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车。 (3)主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，proposal等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 5作同位语 the news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。注意：that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别 连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如 ：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。 the news that our football team won the match was really encouraging（同位语从句） 我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。 the news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句） 我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】 we should consider the students request the school library provide more books on popular science. a. that b. when c. which d. where 【答案】a【例】 the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. a. what b. which c. that d. though 【例】news came from the school office _wang lin had been admitted to beijing university.a. which b. what c. that d. where二、wh-疑问从句1作主语，常用it作形式主语it doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她来不来无所谓。 it makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 it has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting. 由谁来主持会议还没有确定。注意：主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。what he found interested me greatly.他的发现使我很感兴趣。whoever has finished may rest谁完工了就可以休息。【例】a good friend of mine from i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijingahow bwhomcwhen dwhich 2作直接宾语 能跟wh-疑问从句作直接宾语的动词（短语）很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest,doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。 i cant imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是怎样做那件事的。 they couldnt understand why i refused. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝了。 3作表语the problem is where we should stay.问题是我们应该待在哪儿。【例】the little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother. a. where b. what c. how d. who 4作某些形容词的宾语 you must be careful what you do. 你必须小心你所做的事情。 5作同位语 the question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion. 关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。 三、名词性关系从句 名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。 what= the thing(s) that/which whoever= anyone who whichever= anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when= the time when注意：连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the placewhere)。【例】the how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. a. who b. whomever c. no matter who d. whoever 1作主语 what they need is a good textbook. 他们需要的是一本好的教科书。 whichever he likes will be given to him. 他喜欢哪个就给他哪个。 whichever book he bought would be paid for. 无论他买的是哪一本书都要付款。 whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做了这项工作，一定要得到酬谢。 【例】could i speak to is in charge of international sales please? a. who b. whatc. whoever d. whatever 2作宾语 ill show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我都可以给你看。 ill give you however much money you need. 你需要多少钱我都可以给你。 we shall not forget when the meeting will start. =we shall not forget the time when the meeting will start. 我们不会忘记开会的时间。 she will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。 she walked up to where he stood.她走到他站着的地方。 i can judge by what i know of him. 我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。 you can write about whatever topic you prefer. 你可以写你喜欢写的任何题目。 ill wait till when we meet again. 我会等待着我们再次见面。3作表语this is where our problem lies这就是我们问题的所在。tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.明天是最方便的时候。4作宾语补足语well make him whatever he is fit for. 他适合干什么，我们就培养他干什么。ill call the baby whatever name you like.你喜欢哪一个名字，我就叫这个婴儿哪个名字。he has made the company what it is today.他把公司办成了今天这个样子。 四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。 下列情况只用whether不用if： 1引导主语从句且置于句首时。 2引导表语从句时。 3引导同位语从句时。 4引导宾语从句且前置时。 5作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。 6其后紧跟or not时。 7其后跟不定式时。 五、“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。 1whatever，whoever等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于anything that，anyone who等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于no matter what, no matter who等。 “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter不能单独使用。 2what，who等与whatever，whoever等的区别在于：what，who等是指具体的东西或人；用whatever，whoever等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。 whatever i said, he wouldnt listen to me.（让步状语从句） =no matter what i said,he wouldnt listen to me. 无论我说什么他都不听我的。 he would believe whatever i said.（宾语从句） 他会相信我说的任何事情。【例】she is very dear to us. we have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whoever易混易误，深度总结典型陷阱题分析 1. she was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. a. that b. what c. that that d. what what 【陷阱】可能误选b许多同学一看选项首先就排除了c和d，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在a和b两个选项中，选项a肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了b. 【分析】正确答案选 d.第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。 2. after _ had happened he could not continue to work there. a. which b. how c. what d. having he pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “ghost.” a. that b. what c. which d. as 3.“is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher. a. this b. that c. all that d. that all 【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选a或b. 【分析】最佳答案选 d.假若选a或b，那么转换成陈述句即为：this is you want to say. / that is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选d组成的句子是 is that all you want to say？ 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all. 4. “when _ leave for japan？” “when _ leave for japan is kept secret.” a. they will, will they b. will they, they will c. they will, they will d. will they, will they （1） none knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her parents will be disappointed. a. she will marry, she will marry b. she marries, she marries c. she will marry, she marries d. she marries, she will marry （2） “where _ go to work？” “where _ go to work is not known.” a. we shall, we shall b. shall we, shall we c. shall we, we shall d. we shall, shall we 5. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _. a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. who it is 6. dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves？ a. who b. which c. that d. what （1） everyone knows, perhaps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat. a. who b. which c. that d. what （2） i think, though i could be mistaken, _ she liked me. a. who b. which c. that d. what （3） he told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day. a. that b. which c. as d. because前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句（修饰the news）。 【高频考点突破】【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。that 引导名从时，无意义不当句子成分，只是引导词；而what引导名从时，在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分，what表“什么”=all that或sth. that1.before the sales start, i make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. a. why b. what c. how d. which2. part of the reason charles dickens loved his own novel, david copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. a. what b. that c. why d. whether3. as a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.a. how b. what c. when d. which 4. it is reported that most of the families income is now three times or more _ it was 3 years ago. a. than b. that c. what d. which5. after months of voyage, columbus arrived in _ later proved a new continent.a. where b. what c. that d. which6. _we should do is leaving a note for mum to tell her we wont be back till late. a. that b. what c. when d. why7. information has been put forward _ zhaowei will play an important role in this film. a. while b. that c. when d. asif 在名词性从句中可以用作：1.引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句；2. 当与or not分开使用时he wondered if / whether we will attend the meeting or not. whether在所有名词性从句都可以 。1.you look anxious these days. lucy. what is it that you are anxious about? _in persuading my classmates into joining us. a. if we can succeed b. that we can succeedc. can we succeed d. whether we can succeed2. mrphil asked me a question_ i dared to go with him to_ he called the lonely island athat；which bwhether；that cwhether；what dthat；where 【答案】c【解析】考查从句的引导词。第一空后的句子结构完整，描述的是question的内容，引导一个同位语从句，所以要用whether；第二空引导的句子作介词to的宾语，并在从句中做called的宾语，所以要用what。3. the question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money for our research. a. whether b. that c. which d. what 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有: （1） it is necessary, (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. （2） it is suggested,(requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that. （3）一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，desire, require，request）。 （4） 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表 “建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时,表语从句,同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) + do”。如: his suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 1.mr. smith suggested that all of the students their exercise books. a. handed in b. should hand inc. handing in d. that hand in2. the teacher demanded that our examination paper handed in at once. a. be b. must be c. would be d. had to be ( 经典题)these photographs will show you_ . a. what our village looks like b. what does our village look like c. how our village look like【考点5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however可以引导名从和让步状从；no matter who / which / what/ when/ where / how只能引导让步主语从句。1. the poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whenever2. could you do me a favour? it depends on it is. a. which b. whichever c. what d. whatever3. team wins on saturday will go through to the national championships. a. no matter what b. no matter which c. whatever d. whichever4. how about camping this weekend, just for a change?ok, you want. awhichever bhowever cwhateverdwhoever【考点6】that的用法一、 that用作副词 解题指导that用作副词修饰形容词、副词，相 当于so。 典型例句i earn little money each month, so icant afford that dear a car 考题回顾 sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do. a such b. that cmore d very 二、that用作代词 解题指导i，that用于代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。用以代替带定冠词（the）或限定词的可数名词单数或不可数名词，表特指，其后常有修饰语，常用于比较句型。 典型例句 the weather in harbin is colder than that in dalian in winter.（that代替不可数名词weather) 考题回顾im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city a ones bone c that dthere 解题指导2that用作指示代词或限定词，指较远的一个“那，那个”，或指上文已提到的两点中的前一点，其后一点用this表示。 典型例题play and work are both necessary to health;gives us rest andgives us energy. athat；this bone；the other c one；another dthis ; that 考题回顾it was said _ was all _boy had said. athat what；what that bwhat that ;that what c. what what ; that that dthat that；that that 三、名词性从句中的that 解题总原则that在名词性从句中作连接词有三大要诀：that在名词性从句中不做成分；that在名词性从句中没有意思；that在名词性从句中只起连接作用。 解题指导1. that 引导主语从句的常用句型：it+ be十形容词that从句，如it is important that he(should) attend the meeting.it十be名词词组that从句，如：it is a pity that so beautiful a lady married such an ugly manitbev-edthat从句，如：it is reported that there will be a storm this afternoonit十seems/appears等不及物动词that从句，如：it seems that he is wrong it now appears that they are in urgent need of help 考题回顾 _fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect awhat bthat c，this d. which 解题指导2.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词要前移；在许多带复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常被移到句子后面，而用it做形式宾语。如：we thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance 考题回顾 the suit fitted him wellthe colour was little brighter a except for b；except that c. except when d.besides【答案】b【解析】这是except引导的宾语从句。 解题指导3 that引导表语从句常表示事实、真理等的实际内容，或表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。如：the fact is that he is lyingour belief is that things will improve 考题回顾1dont you think it necessary that heto miami but to new york? i agree，but the problem ishe has refused to a will not be sent；that b not be sent；that c should not be sent；what d should not send；what 2.one advantage of playing the guitar is_it can give you a great deal of pleasure a. how b. why cthat d when【答案】c【解析】 that引导表语从句。 解题指导4.下列各名词可用that引导同位语从句：answer，belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，infonnation，knowledge，news，opinion，plan，suggestion，thought，truth等。that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别：he told me the news that our team won（that引导同位语从句时，that不做成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。）he told me the news that（which）was very exciting（that引导定语从句，其在从句中做主语。） 考题回顾(2006年安徽卷)a warm thought suddenly came to mei might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday a if bwhen c that dwhich 四、定语从句中的that 解题指导l . that在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.当先行词是way,表示方法时，引导词可用in which或that, that可 以省略。如：this is the way in which(that）i study english. 3.注意区别先行词、引导词。如is this the名词+ that从句与is this名词十the one + that从句，比较：is this school the one that we visited?is this the school that we visited? 4.注意区别定语从句与强调句型。其基本结构分别为：it is十名词that（which）与it is介词名词that如：it is the place that he was born init is in the place that he was born.5.只用that不用which的情况。被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, much, everything, anything,nothing, none，the one, something等。先行词被only，very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只用that。先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用that。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。被修饰词为数词时，只用that。如果出现两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用which，另一个用that以避免重复。主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that.6定语从句中用which而不用that的情况。当关系代词前有介词时。如：this is the house of which the windows face south.引导非限制性定语从which可代表先行词或前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。如：his dog, which was very old, becameill.先行词是that, those