中考英语话题知识拓展 Topic4 日常活动（常用句型+重难点解析）(1).doc

日常生活常用句型 1. i cant find my backpack. 我找不到我的背包了。2. whose volleyball is this? it must be hers. 这是谁的排球？一定是她的。3. how many hours do you sleep every night? 你每天晚上睡几个小时？4. thanks for looking after my dog. 谢谢你照看我的狗。5. i sleep with my bedroom light on. 我睡觉时开着灯。6. he doesnt know what to wear. 他不知道该穿什么。7. its under the table. 它在桌子底下。8. are they on the bed? 它们在床上吗？9. the math book is on the dresser. 数学书在梳妆台上。10. the tv show is boring. 这个电视节目很无聊。11. how long are you staying there? 你在那儿待多久？12. he is late for the party. 这次聚会他来晚了。13. lindas room is very clean every day. 琳达的房间每天都很干净。重难点精析 考点一 辨析be used to doing sth，used to do sth与be used to do sth. (2008陕西完成句子5题)be used to doing sth表示习惯于做某事。 to在这里是介词，后接名词或动名词。如,the teacher is used to going to bed late in the evening.那个老师习惯于晚睡觉。used to do sth意为过去常常做某事，表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，和现在对比，现在不做了。to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。如，i used to go shopping on saturdays,but now i no longer do so. 过去我经常星期六去购物，但我现在不那样了。be used to do sth表示被动，意为被用来做。如，computers are used to help people do many things. 电脑被用来帮助人们做很多事情。考点二 how词组辨析（2012陕西23题）how often 多久一次，常用于对often/always/usually/sometimes/never/hardly/three times a day/every day等表示频度的副词或短语提问。如，how often do you go hiking with your brother? every month. 你和你哥哥多久去远足一次？每个月都去。how soon多久以后，一般用于将来时态中，往往对in+时间段进行提问。如，how soon will avatar ii be on show?阿凡达2什么时候上映？in two years. 两年内。how long意为多长时间，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用于对for+时间段等时间短语进行提问，另外也有对长度进行提问，表示多长。如，how long will the cruise take? three hours.海上航游需要多久？三个小时。how far多远，用于对距离进行提问。如，how far is the new supermarket away from here? 新超市离这儿有多远？考点三 辨析sleep, go to sleep与go to bed/stay upsleep作名词讲是睡觉、睡眠。sleep与a连用时，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，表示“一段睡眠，一种的睡眠”。如:a short/good/restful sleepsleep用作动词指睡、睡着的全过程，用于现在进行时态中表示“正在睡觉”。如：please be quiet. my mother is sleeping.go to sleep=fall asleep意为“入睡”（asleep常用表语表示入睡的状态）如：she is often tired because she cant go to sleep after she goes to bed.go to bed指“上床睡觉”，强调从脱衣服到上床这一动作，表示准备睡觉，不含睡着之意，与之相对的短语是get up。stay up意为“熬夜，睡得晚”。【参考范文】 how to keep good relationship with parentsin my opinion, i have too many rules at home. my parents never allow me to go out with my friends at nights. they dont allow me to choose my own clothes, either. and they pay too much attention to my exam results. i think my parents dont quite understand me. however, i try my best to understand them. although they dont allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure, i know that it is because they really love me and want me to have a bright future. in order to keep good relationship with my parents, i study hard, listen to them, talk to them as friends, tell them my troubles, and help them do more housework. (二)日常动作常用句型 1. i usually get up at 7:00 and go to bed at 10:00. 我经常七点起床，十点睡觉。2. what are you doing? 你在做什么？3. is nancy doing her homework? 南希在做作业吗?4. lets do it at six oclock. 六点再做这个吧。5. shes writing a letter. 她在写信。6. whats her waiting for? 她在等什么？7. ben and tim are talking to a policeman. 本和蒂姆在和警察交谈。8. i watch tv every day. 我每天都看电视。9. how often do you watch tv? 你多久看一次电视？10. i exercise once a week. 我一个礼拜做一次运动。11. what do you usually do at weekends? 你周末一般做什么？12. do you want to go to movies? 你想去看电影吗?13. what do you want to do? 你想做什么？14. i have lunch at school with my classmates together. 我中午和同学一起在学校吃午饭。15. my father often walks to work. 我爸爸经常走着去上班。16. my mother makes the bed and cooks dinner every day. 妈妈每天收拾床铺和做饭。17. my family takes a walk in the park every weekend. 我们家人每个周末会去公园散散步。重难点精析 考点一 辨析speak， say， talk与tellspeak既可指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲;发言”。另外，其后可接语言类词汇。如：he is speaking at the meeting. 他正在会上发言。say强调说的内容。如：fangfang says she is at home. 芳芳说她在家。talk指两人或更多的人在进行谈话。talk to/with sb表示“与某人交谈”，talk about sb/sth表示“谈论某人/某事”。如：they are talking about the weather. 他们在谈论天气。tell侧重指“告诉”，可以和lie,story等词搭配。如：from his face we could see that he was telling a lie. 从他的表情我们可以看出他在撒谎。考点二 辨析forget to do与forget doing.（2010陕西25题）forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做) （反义：remember to do sth,记着要去做某事）如：she forgot to call me. 她忘记给我打电话了。（她没打过）forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) （反义：remember doing sth,记着已经做某了事）如：she forgot calling me, so she called me again. 她忘记了已经给我打过电话，所以又打了一次。（她打过了，但忘了，所以又打了一次。）类似用法的词还有remember to do sth 记得做某事,remember doing sth 记得做过某事。考点三 call的用法call作动词时，意为“打电话”，其常见用法如下：单独使用时表示“打电话”。如：please call this evening.请今晚打电话。call+sb. “给某人打电话”。如：please call bob this evening.今晚请给鲍勃打电话。call+电话号码“拨打某一电话号码”。如：please call 2377485 now.请现在拨打2377485。call+sb.+at+电话号码“给某人打电话”。如：please call my teacher at 65774839.请打65774839给我的老师。考点四 辨析bring, take, carry与fetchbring表示“带来，拿来”，指把某物（人）从别处带到说话人处。如：please remember to bring your math book tomorrow. 请记得明天带数学书。take与bring方向相反，表示“带走，拿走”，把某物（人）从说话处带到别处。如：youd better take her to hospital. 你最好带她去医院。carry只表示“携带，搬，扛”，没有方向性。如：carry the box 搬箱子fetch指到别处把某物（人）再带来，相当于口语中的get。如：have you fetched/got the doctor? 你把医生接来了吗？此四个词的动作方向如下图所示：考点五 辨析hurt, injure与harmhurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神、感情上的伤害。如：the driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。【注意】指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly/slightly/seriously等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说rather/deeply hurt。injure 常指损害健康、容貌等，强调功能的损伤。如：a bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。get injured 意为“受伤”，属于系表结构。类似搭配有：get married(结婚)， get lost(迷路)， get dressed(穿着)等。如：lets get dressed and leave at once. 咱们穿好衣服马上出发吧。harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时也可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。如：dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免伤害眼睛。考点六 辨析try to do sth. 与try doing sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事，试图做某事。意思是力求把某事做成。try doing sth.试着做某事，尝试做某事，意思是试着做。如：we are trying to learn english well. 我们正在尽力把英语学好。he tries learning to ride a bike. 他试着骑车。考点七 辨析look at, see与watchlook at表示“看”的动作，注意其宾语。如：a cat is looking at me. 一只猫正在看着我。see表示“看见”的结果。如：i saw he saved a child in the water. 我看见他从水里救了一个小孩。（整个过程）watch表示“观看”，注意其宾语的动作。如：we watch tv after supper. 晚饭后我们看电视。考点八 辨析arrive, get与reacharrive做动词，意为“到达”，后接介词表示到达某处。arrive后面的介词，大体上由所到达的地点的大小来决定；at后接较小或具体的场所，如镇、家、店、等；in后面接较大的地方，如国家、大都市等。如what time will you arrive at the airport?ill phone you when i arrive in beijing.get做动词，意为“到达”，如接宾语，后加介词to;get后接副词时，则不加to.如：when can you get to school?he usually gets home at six oclock.reach做动词时，意为“到达”，后直接加表示地点的名词。如：when did the train reach tianjin?考点九 it takes sb. some time to do sth.it takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”，take表