中考英语话题知识拓展 Topic10 购物（常用句型+重难点解析）(1).doc

topic 10购物（一）商品常用句型 1. how much are these pants? 这些裤子多钱？2. what do you want? 你想要什么？3. we have the yellow shorts and the green sweater. 我们有黄色的短裤和绿色的毛衣。4. these skirts are on sale. 这些裙子廉价出售。5. it is 7 dollars. 它是7美元。6. whats your mothers favorite color? 你妈妈最喜欢什么颜色？7. why not buy a scarf? 为什么不买一条围巾呢？8. the moon cake is round. 月饼是圆的。9. what color is it？它是什么颜色？10. i need a big bottle of water. 我需要一大瓶水。11. we buy the sofa at a very good price. 我们以一个非常便宜的价格买了这个沙发。12. this pair of shoes is too big for me to wear. 这双鞋子我穿太大了。13. the products in this store are very popular. 这个商店的商品很受欢迎。重难点精析 考点一 辨析how much与how manyhow much+be+主语？用来询问价格，如：how much is the sweater?这件毛衣多少钱？提问不可数名词的数量用 how much, 提问可数名词的数量用 how many。pants:因为裤子由对称的两部分组成，所以只有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但若用量词 pair of, 谓语动词的单复数视 pair 的单复数而定，类似的名词有： trousers, shorts, glasses, scissors 等。如：what color are these shorts?theyre black.how much is this pair of glasses?its 50 yuan.【拓展】how much+be+主语？用来询问价格，whats the price of.? =how much do/does+主语+cost?。如how much is the book?=whats the price of the book?=how much does the book cost?how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，它的句式是:how many+复数名词+一般疑问句？对there be句型中主语的数量，如:some, five, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数，一般都用复数形式提问,因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词复数形式,所以be一定要用are，即用“how many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语？”的句型结构。如：there is a book on the desk. (用how many改为特殊疑问句)桌子上有一本书。how many books are there on the desk? 桌子上有几本书？there are seven days in a week. (对画线部分提问)一周有七天。how many days are there in a week? 一周有几天？考点二 辨析 wear, put on, dress与in wear是“穿着，戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。如：tom always wears black shoes. 汤姆总是穿着黑色的鞋。 put on是“穿上，戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。如：its cold. youd better put on your coat. 天冷了，你最好穿上你的外套。dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着，打扮”的意思。作“穿”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. 意为“给某人穿衣服”，而wear作“穿”解时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.“穿着衣物”。如：she always dresses well. 她很会穿衣服。 in后面跟颜色，表示“穿着颜色的衣服”。如：did you see that girl in red? 你看见那个穿红衣服的女孩了吗?(二)购物活动常用句型 1. what can i do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？2. i will take it. 我就买它了。3. can i try it on? 我能试一下吗？4. i want to buy a pair pf socks. 我想买一双袜子。5. my father pays 300 dollars for his bag. 我爸爸为他的包付了300美元。6. lets go to supermarket to buy some beef. 让我们去超市买些牛肉吧。7. the i-pad is too expensive that i cant afford it. 这个i-pad太贵了以至于我负担不起。8. can i see the bill? 我能看一下账单吗？9. i spend 15 yuan buying a notebook. 我买这个笔记本花了15元。10. here you are. it is your change. 你的零钱。给你。11. more and more people enjoy shopping online. 越来越多的人喜欢网上购物。12. it is easy and convenient to buy things on taobao. 在淘宝上买东西既简单又快捷。重难点精析 考点一 辨析buy与sellbuy意为“买”,sell意为“卖”,是一对反义动词。buy可接双宾语,即buy sb. sth. 或buy sth. for sb.，意为“给某人买某物”。sell也可接双宾语,即sell sb. sth. 或sell sth. to sb.，意为“把某物卖给某人”。另外,buy sth. from.(从买来某物)与sell sth. to.(把东西出售给)是一对反义固定搭配。“sell/buy+物品+for+价钱”表示“以价卖/买某物”。如：he buys a new bike from that store. 他从那家商店买来一辆新自行车。this shop sells school things to the students. 这家商店向学生出售学习用品。i bought my son a bike./i bought a bike for my son. 我给儿子买了辆自行车。考点二 辨析provide与offer二者都有“供给，提供”之意。 provide常指为应付意外、灾害、紧急情况等做好充分准备，意为“提供，供应，供给”，可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词。常见搭配有：provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”。如：the government provided the poor with food. 政府为穷人提供了食品。 offer 则重点强调“愿意给予”或“主动提出”。常见短语有：offer sb. sth.意为“向某人提供某物”; offer to do则有“愿意，试图做某事”之意。如：my friend offered me some cakes. 我朋友给我了一些蛋糕。考点三 price 的用法price意为“价格”， 只有high, low 之别，不能用cheap, expensive 来修饰。price 可构成短语at a . price 意为“ 以的价格”。如：he bought this computer at a low price. 他低价买了这台电脑。i think the price of this bag is too high to afford it. 我认为这个包的价格太高了而买不起。考点四 辨析spend, pay, take与cost此四词都有“花费”之意，其用法区别如下：主语搭配spend人sb. spend(s)+money/time on sth.;sb. spend(s)+money/time (in) doing sth.pay人sb. pay(s)+money for sth.takeit(形式主语)it takes/took sb.+money/time to do sth.cost物sth. cost(s) sb.+ money如： i spent eight dollars on the book.= i spent eight dollars (in) buying the book.= i paid eight dollars for the book.= it took me eight dollars to buy the book.= the book cost me eight dollars. 我买这本书花了八美元。 考点五 afford的用法afford常作及物动词，意为“买（经受）得起”“给予，提供”，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语或接双宾语。如：at last i can afford a wtch. 最终我买了一块表。music affords me great pleasure. 音乐给了我很大的乐趣。【参考范文】 im a junior high school student from jiangxi. in my spare time, i like shopping there is a supermarket in my town. lots of things are being sold there. so i often go there with my mother to buy school things, food and drinks.of course, sometimes i want to buy something expensive. an mp4 player is what i want most, but i cant afford it now. im going to work for an english club during this summer holiday and make some money for it. we teenagers shoul