2011年阅读百题精练.doc

2011年百题精练（1）III阅读（共两节，满分40分）第节 阅渎理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJudging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation“I cant think of a single study that hasnt found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says DrDavidEven people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more restThe beginning of our sleep-deficit (lack) crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century agoFrom diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 95 hours a night“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 75 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock“People cheat in their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,” says DrDavid“They think theyre okey because they can get by on 65 hours, when they really need 75, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the dayWhenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme“In our society, youre considered dynamic if you say you need only 55 hours sleepIf youve got to get 85 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition”To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier“Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says DrDavid“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate”41What is the main topic of the passage?AResearch on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficitBThe epidemic of sleepiness in the modern timesCThe history of peoples sleeping patternsDThe minimum of our sleeping hours42Which of the following is DrDavids opinion?APeople who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who dontBSome people can remain energetic with only 65 hours sleep a nightCIf they get 85 hours sleep, people will be full of drive and ambitionDPeoples metal power suffers if they are lackng in sleep43People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 95 hours a night because _Athey were forced by their parents to do so Bthey knew what was best for their healtCthey had no electricity Dthey were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are44The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is _Athe endless TV programmes in the evenings and the internetBthe heavy work load of the dayCthe sufficient energy modern people usually haveDloud noises in the modern cities45What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?APeoson or thing that is being discussed or describedBBranch of knowledge studied in a schoolCPerson or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented onDAny member of a State apart from the the supreme rulerBFor most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the street or loading a cart in a shopping mallSoon, that will changeElectronic commerce(trade) is growing fast and will soon bring people more choicesThere will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from being cheated will be harderMany governments therefore want to apply street regulations to the electronic worldBut politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulationConsumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything for the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs or their rights to refund when goods are faultyBut governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence is on the screenEven in a country where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to get a refund for a clothes purchaseOne answer is for government to cooperate more: to recognize each others rulesBut that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rulesAnd plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober countries to acceptThere is, however, another choiceLet the electronic businesses do the regulation themselvesThey do, after all, have a self-interest in doing soIn electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive assetGovernments, too, may compete to be trustedFor instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDAs rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland insteadCustomers will still need to use their judgementBut precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than customers of the normal sortAnd the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain when a company lets them downIn this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more46According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?ASelf-regulation by the businessBStrict consumer protection lawsCClose international cooperationDGovernment protection47In case an electronic shoper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do?ARefuse to pay for the purchaseBGo to the seller and ask for a refundCAppeal to consumer protection law DComplain about it on the Internet48In the authors view, businesses would place a high emphasis on honest dealing because in the electronic world _Ainternational cooperation would be much more frequentBconsumers could easliy seek government protectionCa good reputation is a great advantage in competitionDit would be easy for consumers to complain49We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is _Avery quickBvery cautiousCvery slowDrather careless50If a customer buys something that does not meet his expectation, what is the advantage of dealing through electronic commerce over the present normal one?AIt will be easier for him to return the goods he is not satisfied withBIt will be easier for him to attain the refund from the sellerCIt will be easier for him to get his complaints heard by other consumersDIt will be easier for him to complain about this to the governmentCIts hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world-it affects where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national characteristicsStudies have shown that changeable weather can make it difficult to concentrate, cloudy skies slow down reaction, and high humidity with hot, dry winds makes many people bad-temperedIf you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seems to change daily if not hourly, you could be forgiven for thinking that the weather is randomIn fact, the weather is controlled by systems which move around areas of the globeIn the UK the weather depends on depressions, often called lows, and anticyclones, also known as highsThese systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across the British Isles from the west to the eastHighs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and windIn modern times, human activities seem to be altering weather patternsGases produced by heavy industry change the temperature of the Earths surface, and affect cloud formationSome researchers say that factories in Europe and North America may have been one of the causes of the droughts in Africa in the 1980sThe human race has always tried to guess the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are frequent changesTraditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns, popular poems include:Red sky at night, shepherds delight; red sky in the morning, shepherds warningFlies will swarm before a stormRain before 7, clear by 11While folk wisdom can still provide a guide to help forecast weather, todays methods of prediction increasingly rely on technologySatellites, balloons, ships, aircrafts and weather centers with sensitive monitoring equipment, send data to computersThe data is then processed, and the weather is predictedHowever, even this system cannot predict weather for longer than about a week51When weather keeps changing, _Apeople become bad-tempered Bpeoples reaction slows downCpeople find it hard to focus on their work Dpeople become hungrier52What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?AChanges in weatherBWeather in BritainCAfrican droughtsDResearch on weather53The weather in Britain is _ArandomBmoistCdepressingDsatisfying54According to a traditional rhyme, if there is a red sky at night, the next day will be _AwindyBrainyCfineDsnowy55Which of the following statements is true?AAnticyclones often bring rain and windBWeather forecasting has been done for a long timeCWeather could never be predictedDModern methods of weather prediction are developed from folk wisdom第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卷上作答。以下是景点信息：ABrightwood ParkTake you up to Westfields natural preserve for a short hike or to practice skipping stones in the large pondYou can look for deer and other woodland animals or go on a nature treasure huntBJewark AirportThe airport offers free tours covering the history of the airport, terminal operations, and emergency vehicles and equipment for groups of 15 to 30 personsThe tours are intended for students in grades three and aboveSee also Newark International AirportCCheesequake State ParkThe Cheesequake State Park features 1,284 acres of open fields, a hardwood forest, a variety of wildlife and about 200 species of birdsActivities include hiking, boating, canoeing, swimming and a variety of winter sportsAn interpretive Center provides live wildlife exhibits and environmental education programs, including nature walksDThe Model Railroad ClubThe Model Railroad Club is an activity of the Union County Park SystemThe Club is open to visitors every Saturday afternoon for viewing the model train displaysEvery fall, the Club sponsors a Light and Sound Show that will delight the model train loversEFosterfields Living Historical FarmLearn about farming as it was done 100 years ago at Fosterfields Living Historical FarmThere are weekend demonstrations on planting and harvesting crops as well as special programs held throughout the yearSome of these include wool cutting and carriage drivingFDeutsch MuseumGermanys leading museum of science, engineering, and transportation has everything from steam engines to space exhibits-some of which are closed for remodeling until May, 2003Dont miss the Forum der Technik, which has a world-class planetarium and an IMAX theatre以下是出游者的信息。请匹配适合他们的旅游景点。56Daniel, a young computer programmer, has been working hard and needs a holiday to relax in winterHe likes to get close to nature and enjoy water sports57Henry and Ann and their two teenage sons, hope to take their holiday outdoorsThey would like to find a place where they can play games, such as looking for treasure58Philip, a high school student, wants to travel on weekends, and would like to learn about materials to use when building a setting for the train set59Teresa, a primary school teacher, plans to take the whole class of 20 students for a holidayThe students will graduate this year, so shed like to organize an activity without charge but it is instructive60Tony, a young engineer in a modern car factory, enjoys an adventure journey once a yearThis time, he would like to have journeys to the countryside, where he can try to learn about driving a horse and carriage2011年百题精练（2）第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Scores of people queued up to use a cash machine after it started giving out double money requested The cash machine, outside a Sainsburys store in Barham Road, Hull, attracted a big crowd hoping to take advantage of the fault, on Tuesday nightPolice officers were eventually sent to guard the machine and prevent more money from being taken outThe fault is thought to have affected cash machines at supermarkets across the cityIt is not yet known whether the customers will have to repay the cash or how much money was taken out A spokeswoman for Humberside Police said, “Officers were sent out and an attempt was made to contact the owners of the machine and officers remained at the scene to prevent more people from taking more money out” The spokeswoman said those who benefited from the fault could be traced and face theft charges, but investigations would only take place if the operator made an complaint The cash machine is owned by a company called Payzone, a spokesman later confirmedHe said the fault was due to the machine being filled with the wrong denomination（面值）of notesAn investigation was under way into the incident and the machine had been taken out of service, he added The Payzone spokesman said, “The cash in Transit Company which is contracted to service this ATM has filled it up with the wrong denomination of notes, which means it is paying out double” He could not say how much money had been taken out of the machine, or whether it would have to be paid backIt was understood that a number of cash machines owned by other companies had also been affected by this problem in Hull, he added61When people found the cash machine outside a Sainsburys store broke down, _ Athey queued up to check their own money Bthey asked the police to protect the cash machine Cthey waited outside the store for the generous cash machine Dthey took out money from the other cash machines62People who got illegal money would face theft charges if_ Athe police traced their theft Bthe police contacted the owners of the machine Cthey got more money after the police came Dthe operator complained to the police63Which situation probably caused the cash machines fault? AThe largest denomination put into the machine was the one hundred-dollar bill BNotes of larger denomination were put into the machine instead of the required ones CNotes of new denomination were issued by the bank DNotes put into the machine included different denomination64What is the best title for the passage? AGreedy customers BCash machine gives double money CWho is the owner of the cash machine DHow to get more money from ATMBMore and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governmentsCovering an area of over 4,000 square kilometersQinghai Lake is also the countrys biggest salt-water lake Located in Northwest Chinas Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point-Cormorant Island and Egg Island The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birdsThe islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called Bird IslandsEach March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggsDuring the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhereVisitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away These have become a world famous symbol of the lakeTo protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997Meanwhile , the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zonesInspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake , improving local residents knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitorsThey are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birdsAt the same time, they have built special fences around the island area, to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds nest-building, egg-laying and breedingAs a result , more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding65Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt-water lake in the Great Northwest?ABecause it is getting warmer and warmerBBecause it is being reformedCBecause environments there are getting more and more agreeable for them to live inDBecause the people there are becoming richer and richer66The birds feed on _according to the passageAfloating fish and various grassBgrass moving on the water surface and different kinds of fishCsalt water and plenty of grainsDcorn from the local farmers67Which of the following stateme