中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第10讲时态_(二).doc

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第10讲：时态_(二)清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第10讲：时态 (二) 时态的运用比较复杂，好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好，对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时，一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析，你会发现一切as easy as A B C。 一般过去式和现在完成时： 一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。 如： We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。 对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。 注意：有些时间状语，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如： I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。) 一般过去式和过去完成时的比较： 一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即过去的过去。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。 如： He had finished his homework before nine oclock.九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如： When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候，他的女儿早已去睡觉了。在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说： He called on me soon after he finished his homework.哇塞，我们终于学完了所有时态，摩拳擦掌，试试趁热打铁！ 练习： 1. Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years. A. was.studying B. will . study C. has .studied D. are studying 2. They usually _ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 3. Judy _ the Great Wall twice, and now she still _ to go there. A. went to , wanted B. goes to , wants C. has gone , wants D. has been to, wants 4. She will find him a kind man when she _ more about him. A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know 5. -What are you going to give our teacher for Teachers Day? -Im not sure. Maybe I _ him some flowers. A. have given B. will give C. gave D. give 6. -Tom _ out. -Oh, is he? What time _ he _ out? A. is, did, go B. went, is ,going C. has gone, did, go D. is going, does, go 7. Its nine oclock now, they _ an English class. A. have B. are having C. having D. will have 8. - Where is Li Lei? - He _ his sports shoes in the room. He _ football with his friends. A. is putting on , is playing B. puts on, will play C. is putting on , will play D. put on, played 9. Miss Smith with her parents _ China since _. A. have been in , two years ago B. has gone to, two years C. have been to, two years D. has been in, two years ago 10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _. A. is cooking B. cooked C. was cooking D. cooks 实践： 1. Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. / 2. He often does some washing _ Sunday. A. at B. in C. on D. by 3. This room is ours, and that one is _. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs 4. Tom is _ boy in his class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 5. Can you come here next Friday? Sorry, I _. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 6. Did you _ the football match last night? A. see B. watch C. look D. read 7. There _ many high buildings in this city. A. is B. are C. have D. has 8. John has two brothers. One is an artist, _ is a scientist. A. the others B. another C. the other D. others 9. The man asked the policeman _. A. let hime to go B. to let him to go C. let him go D. to let him go 10. Please _ page 54 and read lesson Twelve. A. turn to B. turn into C. turn in D. turn on 11. He did not go home _ he finished the work. A. of B. because C. until D. since 12. The old man was _ tired that she couldnt walk on. A. so B. too C. very D. quite 13. We are busy _ our lessons these days. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. prepared 14. Ill go with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was 15. Do you know _? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. he where lives 中考英语时态复习：一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解： 1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago. 2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 e.g. When I was a child，I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term. 3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。 e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer. 4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。 e.g. What did you say？ 另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。 e.g. Could you lend me your pen？ 其结构是主语+动词的过去式.be动词的过去式为was,were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况： 1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. workworked； askasked； 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrivearrived； likeliked. 3）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. e.g. shopshopped； 4）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed. e.g. carrycarried;studystudied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的，e.g.flyflew；breakbroke；teachtaught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住。 其句式变化分为两种情况 1）含有be动词的依然在be上做文章。 e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980？ 2）含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt.，同时把动词变成原形； 变一般疑问句，在句首加助动词did，同时把动词变成原形。 e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday？ 其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语，e.g. yesterday morning； 由last+时间构成的短语， e.g. last year； 由时间段+ago构成的短语， e.g. three days ago； 另外，还有on the morning of Monday， just now等，以及一些表示过去时态的从句。注意，在宾语从句中主句为过去，一般从句也为过去。 常见错误如下： 一把动词变成过去式易出错例： 1 They stoped （stop） talking just now. 2 They plaied （play） football yesterday. 答案： 1 stopped 2 played 解析：我们可以记住下面的口诀：动词变成过去式，双写规律要牢记；y前若是辅音字，y变i加-ed；y前若是元音字，只须直接加-ed. 二 忘记把动词变成过去式例： I fly （fly） kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案：flew 解析：我们可以记住下面的口诀：一般过去时态里，过去形式莫忘记. 专项练习： 一 选择 1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 2 I _but_nothing. A . was listened；was hearing B. listened；heard C . have listened；heard D. listened； heard of 3 When did you _here？ A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach 4 I_my homework at 7：00 yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish 5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon,did he？ - _. A. No， he doesnt B. Yes， he didnt C. No， he did D. Yes， he did. 6 -I have had supper. - When _you_it？ A. have； had B. do， have C. did，have D. will have 答案： 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C 二 填空 1 They_（be） on the farm a moment ago. 2 There_（be）a shop not long ago. 3 Jenny_（not go）to bed until 11：00 oclock last night. 4 Danny _（read ）English five minutes ago. 5 I _（see）Li Lei _（go） out just now. 6 He _（do）his homework every day. But he _（not do）it yesterday. 7 When I was young， I _（play）games with my friends. 8 When _you_（write）this book？ I _it last year. 9 Did he_（have） lunch at home？ 10 I _（eat） the bread， I m full now. 答案： 1 were 2 was 3 didnt go 4 read 5 saw go 6 does ； didnt do 7 played 8 did write ；wrote 9 have 10 have eaten 三 在句式变换时易出错例: 1 We didnt went （not go）out last Friday. 2 Did you had （have）a good time yesterday？ 答案： 1 didnt go 2 Did have 解析：请记住口诀见助动， 用原形。 四 易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混例:He taughts （teach） me English last year. 答案：taught 解析：行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化。即使主语是单三人称，也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样。 五 易与现在完成时弄混例：我看过这部电影I saw（see） the film.答案： I have seen （see） the film.解析：我看过这部电影说明我了解这部电影的内容，强调现在的情况，应用现在完成时；一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影，与现在无关 六 易与过去进行时弄混，这里不在重复。一、单项选择：1、When I _ her in the hall，she was playing the piano.Asee BsawCwill see Dam seeing2、Ill go with you as soon as I _ my work.Awill finishBfinishedCfinish Dwould finish3、He will do better in English if he _ harder.Awill work Bworks CworkingDwork4、Since he came here last year，we _ happy.AareBhave been Chad been Dwere5、Peter _ the work in a week.Ahave finished Bfinishes Cis finishingDwill finish6、_ open the window.AWill you please BPlease will you CYou pleaseDPlease7、These books _ in the library for a long time.Ahave kept Bhad kept Chave been keptDwere kept8、Many sheep _ eating grass.Ais BareCwas9、_ I come here tonight? No，you neednt.AMay BCan CMust DShall10、The Green family _ London for nearly two years.They all miss their hometown very much.Aleft Bwill leave Chave left Dhave been away from11、Her grandparents _ for ten years.Adied Bhave died Cwere deadDhave been dead12、Youd better _ to see the doctor.Ato go Bgo Cwent Dgoing13、My father enjoys _ to light music.Alistens Bto listen Clistening Dlistened14、When _ you _ the museum?Awould，visit Bdid，visitChave，visit Dhad，visited15、He told them _ on with the work.Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dwent二、用动词的适当形式填空：1、Ill give the book to him as soon as he _ back(come).2、_ the baby _ crying yet? (stop)3、I dont know whether Mother _ me to Beijing next month.(take)4、She _ on her coat and went out. (put)5、 “What are they doing?”“They_ready for the sports meeting.” (get)6、The boy asked his mother _ him go and play basketball.(let)7、Im sorry to keep you _ for a long time. (wait)8、It _(take) him half an hour _(finish) his homework yesterday.9、If it _ an interesting film，well see it tomorrow. (be)10、They usually _(do) their homework after supper.11、Listen! Who _(sing) in the next room now?12、_(be) your parents in Shanghai last year?13、Mr. Yu _(teach) us maths since 1982.14、They will have a trip (旅行) to the Great Wall if it _(not rain) tomorrow.15、Li Ming often _(listen) to the radio in the morning.16、Tan：“Father，may I go out and play football?”Father：“_ you _(do) your homework?”17、All the people in the town are glad _(hear) that a famous musician(音乐家) _ _ give a concert(音乐会) this Saturday evening.18、Our teacher told us if it _(not snow) we would visit the Science Museum the next day.19、They often _(play) football in the afternoon.20、Whatre you doing Dad?I _(mend) the radio.21、Lets _(carry) the boxes to the house.22、Yesterday she _(want) very much to see the film， but she couldnt _(get) a ticket.23、I _(write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.24、Mike _(visit) several places since he came to Beijing.25、He _(write) four letters to his wife every month.26、Dont make any noise，Grandma _(sleep).27、His aunt _(do) some cooking when he came in.28、When they _(reach) the station，the train had already left.29、There _(be) a meeting next Monday.30、We _(know) each other since our boyhood. (少年时代)31、Sometimes my father _(come) back home late.32、They _(have) an English evening next week.33、Im very glad _(hear) that.34、Wei Fang isnt here. She _(go) to the reading-room.35、The story _(happen) long ago.36、They _(visit) the History Museum last week.37、Zhang Hong _(make) many friends since she came to Paris.38、She _(go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.39、Stay here，Bob. Dont go out. It _(rain) now.40、Li Ping _(write) a composition every week.41、The scientist _(give) us a talk yesterday.42、My parents _(live) in Beijing since 1949.43、Look! The young worker _(show) the students around the factory now.44、They _(build) a new bridge over the river next year.45、The students _(clean) their classroom tomorrow.46、Its not easy _(catch) fish with your hands only.47、Our teacher _(join) the party twenty years ago.48、The boys _(have) a basketball match now. Lets _(go) and _(watch).49、She _(work) in this factory for ten years.50、“What makes you _(think) Im a farmer?” the Frenchman asked.【答案】：一、1、B 2、C 3、B 4、B 5、D 6、D 7、C 8、B 9、C 10、D 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、B 15、A二、1、comes 2、Has，stopped 3、will take 4、put 5、are getting 6、to let7、waiting 8、took，to finish9、is10、do 11、is singing 12、Were13、has taught 14、doesnt rain15、listens16、Have， done 17、to hear，will 18、didnt snow19、play 20、am mending 21、carry22、wanted，get 23、will write 24、has visited25、writes 26、is sleeping 27、was doing28、reached 29、will be 30、have known31、comes 32、will have 33、to hear34、has gone 35、happened 36、visited37、has made 38、will go 39、is raining40、writes 41、gave 42、have lived43、is showing 44、will build 45、will clean46、to catch 47、joined 48、are having，go，watch49、has worked 50、think新目标英语八年级上册短语归纳复习(Unit1-Unit12)Unit 1 1. go to the movies=go to the cinema 看电影 2. look after=take care of 照顾 3. surf the Internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skateboarding 去划板 6. (be) in good health =（be）healthy身体健康 7. keep healthy=keep in good health 保持健康 8. as for至于 9. take/do exercise=play/ do sports锻炼,做运动 10. eating habits 饮食习惯 11. the same as 与相同 12. once a month一月一次 13. be different from 不同 14. twice a week一周两次 15. make a difference to 对什么有影响 16. how often 多久一次 17. although=though虽然 18. most of the students=most students大多数学生 19. activity survey活动调查 20. go shopping=do some shopping 购物 21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do housework做家务事 23. junk food垃圾食物 24. be good/bad for 对有益(害) 25. on/at weekends 在周末 26. want to do sth=would like to do sth =feel like doing sth 想要做某事 27. want sb to do sth = would like sb to do sth想要某人做某事 28. try to do sth 尽量做某事 try doing sth.试着做某 try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 29. come home from school放学回家 30. of course=certainly=sure当然 31. get good grades取得好成绩 32. help sb （ to ）do sth 帮助某人做某事， 33. help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人 34. a lot of =lots of=many /much许多，大量的 Unit 2 1. have/ catch a cold=have got a cold 感冒 2.a sore back/throat 背(咽喉)痛 3. have a stomachache 胃痛 4. lie down and rest 躺下休息 5. see a dentist 看牙医 6. drink lots of water 多喝水 7. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 8. a good idea 好主意. 9. stressed out 筋疲力尽 10. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 11. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医医生 12. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 13. too much yin 阴气太盛 14. a balanced diet饮食平衡 15. healthy/yin/yang food 健康(阴性，阳性)食品 16. at the moment = now 此刻 17. enjoy oneself = have a good time =have fun =have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,过得愉快 19. host family 寄宿家庭 20. conversation practice会话练习 21. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事， like doing sth 喜欢做某事， practice doing sth. 练习做某事, mind doing sth. 介意做某事， finish doing sth. 完成某事, give up doing sth. 放弃做某事, keep doing sth. 坚持做某事. cant stand doing sth.忍不住做某事 have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 即：practice, mind, finish, give up, keep, cant stand, have fun等与enjoy用法相似。 Unit 3 1. spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光 2. a sports camp 运动野营 3. how about= what about 怎么样 4. go camping 去野营, go shopping 去买东西, go swimming 去游泳, go boating去划船, go skating 去溜冰, go walking去散步, go climbing 去登山, go dancing去跳舞, go hiking 去徒步远足, go sightseeing 去观光, go bike riding 骑自行车旅行, go fishing 去钓鱼 5. do some shopping 买东西, do some washing 洗衣服, do some cooking 作饭, do some reading读书, do some speaking训练口语 6. how long 1)多长时间 (询问动作在时间上所延续的长度) 2）多长 （询问事物的长度） 7. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看 give me the book=give the book to me 给我书, pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我, sell me the house=sell the house to me把房子卖给我 buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书, make me a cake=make a cake for me给我做蛋糕 8. get back=come back回来 9. take walks=go for walks散步 10. think about 考虑 11. decide on= decide upon 决定计划 12. something different 不同的事情 13. a great/exciting vacation 愉快的(令人激动的)假期 14. cant wait to do sth. 等不及做某事 15. a famous movie star 著名的影星 16. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 17. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 Unit 4 1. get to school = arrive at/ reach school 到校 2. a bus stop公共汽车站, a train/ subway station火车(地铁站)站, a bus station客运站, a TV station 电视台 3. take the subway 乘地铁 4. ride a bike 骑自行车 5. take the/a bus乘公共汽车 6. want to do sth.想做某事 7. take a taxi乘坐出租车 8. walk to school 步行上学 9. go in ones car 坐(某人的)车 10. in North America 在北美 11. by bike/ bus/ subw