GCT英语重要知识点讲义.doc

武汉太奇2012年GCT串讲讲义 胡英歌 编讲太奇2012GCT英语串讲讲义n 胡英歌 编讲第一部分：Vocabulary and StructureStructure20072008200920102011虚拟语气时态虚拟2虚拟语气2时态虚拟从句介宾从句定语从句定语从句定语从句非谓语结构To do做状语V-ing做主语比较结构倍数比较倍数比较the same as特殊用法have no alternative but to do，would rather dohad better, except forexcept whenseem+分词倒装1强调主谓一致1主谓一致1时态过去完成时一般现在时现在完成时将来完成时固定搭配Peculiar tos情态动词1一. 虚拟语气：一是用来表示说话者所说的与事实相反或者实现的可能性很小，或是一种猜测怀疑等。二是表示说话者的愿望，要求，命令，建议等。1.条件从句中的虚拟时态从句（if）主句将来If 主语+ did/were/were to doIf 主语+should do主语+s/w/c/m+do现在If 主语+did/were主语+s/w/c/m+do过去If 主语+had done主语+s/w/c/m+have done混合If 主语+had done主语+s/w/c/m+do将来：If I were to be doomsday tomorrow, I would go home instantly to stay with my parents. 现在：Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.过去：If Edward Jenner had not found the cure for smallpox, there would have been more patients dying of it.混合：If we had not met the storm, we would reach the destination now.倒装：but for/ without2. 宾语从句中的虚拟：1）在具有愿望，请求，建议，命令等主观意愿的动词后的宾从用虚拟，谓语用(should) doS+V+宾从2）wish 后的宾从（wish后that可省略）Wish后从句，表示与事实相反地情况或将来不大可能实现的情况，把真实情况的时态向前提一位。翻译为：我希望，但愿， 如果/要是就好了 真实情况 wish后从句 now did/were did had done future w/could doShe wish there were no deception and violence.Mary wished she had stayed at home that night.I wish he couldnt go out everynight.3) would rather 宁愿，真希望从句谓语：过去时表示与现在或将来相反 过去完成时表示与过去相反Id rather she didnt appear at the party.Id rather I hadnt said it.4) for fear that/ lest that s+ (should )+ doHe did his homework carefully for fear that he make a mistake.3. 主语从句中的虚拟4. 其他 but 前虚后实:前虚表示本应该.但实际上.I would have told him the answer , but I was so busy at that moment.I should have call the airport to make a reservation, but in fact I didnt二：时态 since 多跟完成时连用It has been more than a decade since we saw each other last time.Since he left the university, he has been working in an accounting company. By+过去时，S+ had doneBy + 现在/将来时间，S+ will have doneBy the time we got to the cinema the film had been on for half an hour.By the end of this month, we surely will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem. It is the third time I have seen him this month.三：倒装部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态移至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。全部倒装,是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。1.so, neither ,nor 引起的倒装1）当前面是肯定句，后者也一样时用so, 注意后面的动词要一致。翻译：也一样。Caroline has never broken her promise, nor have I.I have great passion for English, so does my desk mate.2.） 当前面是否定句，后者也一样时用用neither, nor。翻译：也不American healthcare doesnt cover all the people, neither/nor does that of China.Tom is not good at math, neither is his brother.2,否定词谓位于句首引起的部分倒装：Never, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, not until, in no way, at no time, under no circumstance，by no meansNever have I seen such a terrible performance.Only in this way can we embrace a bright futhre.Hardly/Scarcely_had S+done_when S+did （模考2 P28）No sooner had S+done than S+didHardly had he got out of the hospital when many journalists rushed to him for questions.No sooner had I finished the last question than it rang to end the exam.3. 全倒装：当状语，表语位于句首So absorbed was he that Susan hadnt dared to make a sound.( 模考4 P26)四：定语从句：1 3 51. as 引导非限制性定语从句，as作关系代词，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such.as或the same.as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。(作宾语)2：关系副词when, where, why用法。关系副词在从句中可作状语1）、when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词，在定语从何中作时间状语。July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份2）、where指地点，修饰表地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到他童年时生活的小城镇。注意：先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用关系代词which或that。This is the factory that/which we visited last year.这是我们去年参观的那家工厂。I wont forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的那段时光。3）、why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。Do you know the reason why he left early?你知道他为什么早走吗？Can you offer the reason why you are late again? 你能说一下你再次迟到的原因么？3. 关系代词that和which的区别（1)相同点：都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。The train that /which has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语,不可省略)The film (that/which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)（2）用that，不用which的情况当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代词时To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。(模考1 P26)Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。（3）用which，不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。巧记that和which的区别：that，which可互换，下列请况勿照办；that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错；先行词前被限制，千万不要用which；要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。五：名词性从句。一）主语从句。从句在句中充当主语。1. 主语从句中的that不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。句子结构：That/wh-clause + v +主语从句That the drunk driver could not control his car was obvious.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.2. It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.二）. 表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。be, look, remain, seem, the reason is that和It is because 句子结构：S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表语从句The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes三）宾语从句：S + vt + that/wh-clause宾语从句S + vi + prep + wh-clause宾语从句I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）with one another.五同位语从句。S + vt/be +n+ that同位语从句The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.第二部分：Reading Comprehension细节题，语义理解题，主旨大意题，推断题，态度题。同学们请仔细观察揣摩作者是如何设置正确答案的。.细节题（detail）1. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.Q：Today medical care is placing more stress on_.A. keeping people in a healthy physical conditionB. monitoring patients body functionsC. removing peoples bad living habitsD. ensuring peoples psychological well-being2. But both contain the same amount of sodium chloride (氢化钠) by weight, which means they contribute equally to total sodium consumption and have the same effect on blood pressure. Officials recommend that adults consume no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day , equivalent to a teaspoon of salt. You should eat less if you are black , hypertensive (患高血压) or older than 40 . Yet most Americans consume more than double the amount they need , mostly from processed foods, so it is best to limit salt of any kind.(2011年真)Q：According to the passage , the proper amount of salt consumption isrelated to ones _ .A. appetiteB. ageC. sexD. weight3. Even teaching is not a secure profession now. Ryan Stewart wanted to be a teacher， but instead he will probably go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teaching could be a good career even in a bad economy.Q： Why does Ryan Stewart want to be a college teacher？A. Teaching jobs are well-paid. B. He majored in teaching in the university. C. College teaching is less challenging than high-tech jobs. D. College teaching career wont be influenced by economy4. In an attempt to understand the young who take up arms, Brett and Specht interviewed 53 boy and girl soldiers and ex-soldiers from around the world, Afghanistan , Colombia, the Republic of the Congo for example. All interviewees were involved with armed forces or armed groups before the age of 18 and all classified themselves as volunteers.Q： According to paragraph 3, Brett and Spechts interviewees _.A. joined armed forces under 18B. considered going into the army their dutyC. were only from African countriesD. were mainly the ex-soldiers5. Writing in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Zvi Livneh and his colleagues said 40 per cent of the 68 lung cancer patients they tested had low levels of enzyme activity, in contrast to 4 per cent of a healthy group of 68 people.Q. How many people have been tested on levels of enzyme activity?A. five to 10 times moreB. 40 per centC. 68D. 1366. Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone. In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phone in places where there is no ordinary telephone. Business people use mobiles when theyre traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail message and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone called “i-mode”. You can even use a mobile phone listen to music.Q：It is stated in the passage that Russia and China _ .A. ordinary telephone service is available everywhereB. people prefer mobile phone to ordinary telephonesC. mobile are used in places without ordinary telephoneD. people use mobiles to send e-mail and access the Internet总结技巧：. 语义理解题。7. Although aluminum is not attracted by ordinary magnets, under special conditions it becomes temporarily paramagnetic, or very weakly responsive to a magnetic field. This is achieved by immersing ore particles in water to which certain salts have been added and then filtering the ore through steel wool in the presence of a strong magnetic field. It is hoped that this technique will reduce the amount of high-grade aluminum the United States must import.Q： In the second paragraph the word paramagnetic means _.A. slightly magnetic B. a weak magnetic fieldC. a strong magnetic substance D. the under-water magnetic power8. Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was Start small, think big, and have fun, ” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Q. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are .A. afraid of technology B. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technology D. incompetent in technology9. During the Christmas shopping rush in London, the interesting story was reported of a tramp who, apparentlythough no fault of his own, found himself locked in a well-known chain store late on Christmas Eve. No doubt the store was crowded with last-minute Christmas shoppers and the staff were dead beat and longing to get home. Probably all the proper security checks were made before the store was locked and they left to enjoy the three-day holiday untroubled by customers desperate to get last-minute Christmas presents.Q. It can be inferred from the passage that the underlined phrase “dead beat” in paragraph 1 means _. A. angry B. exhausted C. forgetful D. careless10.Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,” He says. Q. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water” (Line 4 Para.2), von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that _. A) plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water C) bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste D) dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste 技巧.主旨大意题11. 模考4P2812. Henric Ibsen ,author of the play A Dolls House, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons .Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or socompanies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences-which could include being dissolved。Q. The main idea of the passage might be _A. female power and liberation in Norway.B. the significance of Henric Ibsens play.C. womens status in Norwegian firms D. the constitution of board members in Norway.13. Do people stop once they have achieved something? No! In life，we are always trying to do things better or having more of the Same successJane Fonda moved from being an Academy Award actress to a successful businesswomanHer aerobics(有氧体操)workout videos have been sold, around the world（2008-text2）Q: What might be a proper title for this passage? ASuccess Is No Destination BSuccess Comes the Hard Way CA Small Success Also Counts D. Everyone Can Be Successful技巧： 推断题:有时是基于对部分的理解，有时是对全文的理解。典型提问方式It can be inferred from the passage that 此类型问题考查学生根据已知内容推断引伸含义的能力。正确选项的特点：14. 模考三P2815. In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year. Q. What do we learn from the first paragraph? A) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activites. B) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time. C) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. D) A lot of distractions compete for childrens time nowadays. 观点态度题16. The tone of the passage is _.A. pleasant B. indifferent C. humorous D. objective笔记：第三部分：Cloze第四部分：补全对话一考查要点口语交际题考查大家对对话语境信息的正确把握，注重英语惯用语、习语及其正确使用场景；同时还考查大家对英美文化习俗方面知识的掌握。二、答题策略1). 分析情景，重视对话者的身份；Eg. Teacher: Are you following me? Student:_ A. Can you walk slowly, please？ B. Im afraid C. Let think of it. D. Who knows?2). 重视语境信息，对会话的场合做出正确判断；3). 分析会话者的关系，看其是熟人还是陌生人；4). 重视语言的正式程度，通过上下文做出正确选择；5). 综合考虑整个会话环境，注意中外文化差别。三、应试“三原则”1. 有话好好说原则: 礼貌请求、委婉拒绝例：2004-48Speaker A: Want to come over Thursday for supper?Speaker B: _ .A. I really cant. Youll not mind, I thinkB. Lets put it off till laterC. No, I dont want to D. Thanks, but I have to work that evening例：2006-49Stewardess: Please put your seat up. Well be serving dinner shortly.Passenger: Id like to, but there seems to be something wrong with it. _A. Can you help with it?B. Can you stay a few minutes?C. Its your duty to fix it.D. Hold on, please.2. 不绕弯子原则: 回应别人要直接，不转弯抹角例：2007-46Speaker A: Professor Lee, can I come to see you about my presentation this evening?Speaker B:_.A. Yes. Is 8 oclock a convenient time?B.Fine. Please come by Bus No. 2.C. No. Never mind.D. Oh. Thats my pleasure.3. 一一回应原则: 对别人的提问、建议、抱怨等表示正确的回应例：2006-41Steve: Hi, my name is Steve. Its nice to meet you.Jack: Im Jack._A. My name is Jack, you know.B. How are you, Steve?C. Its pleasure to meet you, Steve.D. Youre busy, arent you?例：2003-45Speaker A: Ive got a fever and a really bad headache.Speaker B: .A. Why are you so careless about yourself?B. This kind of thing happens to everyone. C. You should take good care of yourself. D. Oh, thats too bad. Why dont you take some aspirin?四：常考场景一、见面/离别见面打招呼：How are you? - Fine, thanks. And you?How do you do? - How do you do?Nice to see you. - Nice to see you, too.How are you doing?Im doing great. What about you?Hi, Ja