已阅读5页,还剩7页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
ORIGINAL ARTICLESeroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Stray and Household Cats in Guangzhou, ChinaH. Zhang1, D. H. Zhou1, P. Zhou1, Z. R. Lun2, X. G. Chen3, R. Q. Lin1, Z. G. Yuan1 and X. Q. Zhu11 Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, Peoples Republic of China2 Center for Parasitic Organisms, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, Peoples Republic of China3 Department of Parasitology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, Peoples Republic of ChinaRunning Head: Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats in Guangzhou, ChinaCorrespondence:X.Q. Zhu. College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, Peoples Republic of China. Tel: +86 20 85283730; Fax: +86 20 85283730; E-mail: Impactsl This article shows new figures on the present situation of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray and household cats in metropolitan Guangzhou, China.l The data presented provide the most comprehensive picture of the prevalence of T. gondii in stray and household cats in Guangzhou, which also indicates the zoonotic significance of the prevalence. l The data presented provide “base-line” information for assessing the effectiveness of future control strategies against T. gondii infection in cats in Guangzhou, China.Summary The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG in stray and household cats in Guangzhou, China was determined by ELISA on serum samples from 206 cats (117 strays and 89 households), and the overall infection rate was 25.24%. The infection rate in stray cats (30.77%) was significantly higher (p 0.05) than in household cats (17.98%). The rate of infection between male and female cats of both groups was not significantly different (p0.05), 28.13% versus 32.61% for male and female in stray cats, respectively, and 18% versus 17.95% in household cats. The present investigation demonstrated that the prevalence of T. gondii infection in cats in Guangzhou was high, especially in stray cats, which are probably the main source of T. gondii infection in this area. Integrated control strategies and measures should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection in both stray and household cats, which will have significant implications for the control of human infection with T. gondii.Keywords: Cat; ELISA; Guangzhou; Seroepidemiology; Toxoplasma gondii; ToxoplasmosisIntroductionToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoa parasite that can infect a variety of cell types from a wide range of mammals and birds throughout the world, including humans and nonhuman primates (Jacobs et al., 1998). T. gondii infection does not usually produce clinical symsptoms. However, the primary infection during pregnancy in women and animals may cause abortion, fetal abnormalities or prenatal death (Cook et al., 2000). More importantly, T. gondii infection is considered one of the main reasons of death for the AIDS patients and other immunocompromised patients (Montoya and Liesenfeld, 2004). Felids play a crucial role in the epidemiology of this parasitic disease, because they are the only definitive host, shedding and excreting millions of infective oocysts in a short period of time (Dubey, 1994) in their faeces. It is generally suggested that cats probably play a major role in transmitting T. gondii through environments contaminated by faeces. It is not convenient and may have difficulty in detecting T. gondii oocysts in faecal examination of cats. Therefore, serologic investigation of cats is important for determining the epidemiological significance of T. gondii infection.Antibodies to T. gondii have been reported in cats worldwide. There have also been some surveys of T. gondii infections in cats in some provinces of China in recent years (Lu et al. 1997; Yu et al., 2006; Yuan et al. 2004; unfortunately, these reports were published only in the Chinese language). However, the difference of T. gondii infection between stray and household cats and the infection rates between male ad female cats are not quite clear. In order to provide a foundation for the improved control of T. gondii infection in cats, the aim of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii in stray and household cats in metropolitan Guangzhou, China.Material and methodsAnimals Biometric data for cats including age, sex and lifestyle were recorded. The information about household cats was taken from the owners and the information about stray cats was estimated based on body condition and by examining dentition.Blood sampling and serum preparationBlood samples (1.5 ml) were collected from each cat into sterile plain tube by jugular puncture. The samples were left to clot at room temperature for 3 h and then centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min. Each serum sample was transferred into a 0.5 ml sterile tube and preserved at 20 until needed for ELISA.Determination of antibodies to T. gondiiAntibodies to T. gondii were determined using the CIVTEST T. gondii ELISA Kit (Shenzhen, China) according to the manufacturers instructions. Positive and negative control sera were provided in the kit. The tests were performed in the Veterinary College of South China Agricultural University. Briefly, the T. gondii specific antigen was coated on a 96-well ELISA plate. After incubation of the diluted serum sample (1:100) in the test well and subsequent washing, a conjugate was added. The plate was washed again, and then a chromogenic enzyme substrate was added. The optical density (OD) at 450 nm was read using a photometer (BIO-RAD).A relative rate percent (IRPC) value was obtained using the following formula:The sera were considered negative to T. gondii if the IRPC 2.1. It is to take as 0.7 when the value (meanOD450 negative control - meanOD450 blank control) was less than 0.7.Statistical analysisDifferences in the seroprevalence of infected cats between stray and household groups, between male and female cats were analyzed using Chi Square Test in SPSS for Windows, (Release 11.0 standard version, SPSS Inc.). The correlation between the rates of infection in different age groups was calculated with Excel (Microsoft Excel 2003).Results and discussionIn this investigation, the ELISA method was utilized due to the ease of its application, and its high sensitivity and specificity when compared with other test methods (Lappin and Powell, 1991). In this study, 206 cats (117 households and 89 strays were examined. Of these, 82 were male, 85 were female and 39 unknown sex (Table 1). As shown in Table 1, the overall seroprevalence rate was 25.24%. Seroprevalence for all different groups was 30.77% in stray cats and 17.98% in household cats (Table 1), and ranging from 12.50% to 30.77% in different age groups (Table 2).The seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats has been studied in many countries. In the present study, the overall seroprevalence in cats was 25.24%, which was lower than that reported in other countries (Miro et al., 2004; Haddadzadeh et al., 2006), and in Shanghai and Hebei province in China (Lu et al. 1997; Yuan et al. 2004), but similar to that reported in Beijing (Yu et al., 2006).In the present investigation, although both groups of cats were infected with T. gondii, the seroprevalence of infection in stray cats (30.77%) was significantly higher (p 3 years category of cats compared with a seropositive rate of 12.50% in cats 1 years old. As shown in table 2, seroprevalence varies in different age groups, ranging from 12.50% to 30.77%. The difference in prevalence found with respect to age (adults versus juveniles) coincides with other studies where higher prevalence is observed in the adult group than in the juvenile one (Smith et al., 1992; Gauss et al., 2003), showing that with the increase of age the risk of exposure to T. gondii increases (Frenkel, 1990; Hill et al., 2000).ConclusionsThe present investigation revealed that the prevalence of T. gondii infection in cats in Guangzhou was quite higher, especially in stray cats, which are probably the main source of T. gondii infection in this area. Integrated control strategies and measures should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection in both stray and household cats, which will have significant implications for the control of human infection with T. gondii. Acknowledgements This work is supported, in part, by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB116301), the National Special Research Programs for Non-Profit Trades (Agriculture) (Grant No. 200803017), the Key Research Programs in Natural Sciences for Institutions of Higher Education in Guangdong Province (Grant No. 06Z004), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT0723).ReferencesCook, A. J., R. E. Gilbert, W. Buffolano, J. Zufferey, E. Petersen, P. A. Jenum, W. Foulon, A. E. Semprini, and D. T. Dunn, 2000: Sources of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. Br. Med. J. 312, 142147. DeFeo, M. L., J. P. Dubey, T. N. Mather, and R. C. Rhodes III, 2002: Epidemiologic investigation of seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in cats and rodents. Am. J. Vet. Res. 63, 17141717.Dubey, J. P., 1994: Toxoplasmosis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 205, 15931598. Frenkel, J. K., 1990: Transmission of toxoplasmosis and the role of immunity in limiting transmission and illness. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 196, 233240.Gauss, C. B., S. Almeria, A. Ortuno, F. Garcia, and J. P. Dubey, 2003: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats from Barcelona, Spain. J. Parasitol. 89, 10671068.Haddadzadeh, H. R., P. Khazraiinia, M. Aslani, M. Rezaeian, S. Jamshidi, M. Taheri, and A. Bahonar, 2006: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray and household cats in Tehran. Vet. Parasitol. 138, 211216. Hill, S. L., J. M. Cheney, G. F. Taton-Allen, J. S. Reif, C. Bruns, and M. R. Lappin, 2000: Prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 216, 687692.Jacobs, D., J. F. Dubremetz, A. Loyens, F. Bosman, and E. Saman, 1998: Identification and heterologous expression of a new dense granule protein (GRA7) from Toxoplasma gondii. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 91, 237249. Lappin, M. R., and C. C. Powell, 1991: Comparison of latex agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and ELISA techniques for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in the serum of cats. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 5, 299301.Lu, Q., A. M. Huang, Y. M. Yang, H. Z. Yang, and J. H. Yang, 1997: Serological investigation of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet cats in Shanghai. Chin. J. Zoon. 13 (2), 69 (in Chinese).Mir, G., A. Montoya, S. Jimenez, C. Frisuelos, M. Mateo, and I. Fuentes, 2004: Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm and household cats in Spain. Vet. Parasitol. 126, 249255.Montoya, J. G., and O. Liesenfeld, 2004: Toxoplasmosis. The Lancet 363, 19651976.Smith, K. E., J. J. Zimmerman, S. Patton, G. W. Beran, and H. T. Hill, 1992: The epidemiology of toxoplasmosis on Iowa swine farms with an e
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 语文六年级下册第五单元 真理诞生于一百个问号之后教学设计
- 【物业管理制度】-碧桂园集团-碧桂园物业管理有限公司花城分公司-供配电安全操作管理制度
- 广西南宁市2024年八年级下学期数学期末试题附答案
- 高二期末总结学生
- 2023年快消品营销策划方案
- 2024年个人土地买卖合同格式范文(2篇)
- 2024年水泥包装袋购销合同范本(二篇)
- 会计监督制度
- 2024年建材订货合同标准范文(3篇)
- 职工生育保险就医确认申请表
- 2024年05月海南省三亚市育才生态区管理委员会2024年公开招考35名村(居)委会专职网格员(第1号)笔试历年高频备考试题库含答案带难、易错考点黑钻版解析
- GB/T 43953-2024全生物降解聚乙醇酸(PGA)
- 2023年乌兰察布市教师招聘真题
- 第九版妇产科学:第二十七章 卵巢肿瘤、输卵管肿瘤及原发性腹膜癌
- 消费品以旧换新风险管理与应对策略
- 露营基地规划方案文案
- 2024年云南省八年级下学期生物学期中考试试题附答案
- DBJ33∕T 1105-2022 民用建筑可再生能源应用核算标准
- MOOC 交际英语-西北工业大学 中国大学慕课答案
- MOOC 基因与健康-郑州大学 中国大学慕课答案
- 王全瑞主编《有机化学》习题及思考题答案.doc
评论
0/150
提交评论