自考英语二讲义.doc

自考英语二重点知识讲解Unit 1重点单词和短语第 46 页 共 46 页objectiveaccomplishpredictaccompanyattainschemeskilledargue defineinterviewprospectcourse of actionin the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) seek to do sth. in part point of view vary fromto apply for (to)have no ideabring abouttake the trouble to doput oneself in ones place to ones advantageat a disadvantageask forin hand turn down (up, on, off,)重点、难点句子详解1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.例：Well inform you as soon as tickets become _. (06-4) A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available 2. some suggest that the management process is decision making.例：It is suggested that the meeting _ (hold)at some other time.3. decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all.5. but do not let it worry you too much.6. There is little likelihood that 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of例：The two sisters are _ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively重点句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。 Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。 If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。 For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。 For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。 Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7.就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。 In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。 Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .TEXT C-E1.决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。2.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。3.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。4.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。5.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。历年试题1. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4)3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in B. at C. between D. among 4. Almost everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4) 5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。 8. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。 9. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。 10. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。 11. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。 12. 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。 Unit 2重点单词和短语exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned plateauin theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and _ kind. (06-4) A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all 重点、难点句子详解1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.例1：It is on Friday _ we will hold the meeting. A. that B. when C. in that time D. what 例2: As a painter, Ted was very _ about the colors he used. (03-10) A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun.对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it.4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves. 例：_ we are, _ we become. A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser 4重点句型1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.Text C-E1.黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。2.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。3.对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷.4.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么. 5.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 Vocabulary and Structure1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)_which matter has fallen and_which nothing can escape-not even light.A into into B into fromC from into D from from2.This process of shrinking may be so intense_a black hole results.A whether B whatC which D that3.Binary stars,_their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.A as B thatC what D if4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to_which we can see in the sky.A the one B thatC the ones D those5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day_the energy of black holes for mankind.A make fun of B make sure ofC make use of D make sense of6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as_.A companies B comparisonsC compounds D companions7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in_round the sun.A track B orbitC tour D route8.In August 1977, a satellite was_to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.A posted B deliveredC launched D transmitted9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are_here.A inadequate B invisibleC intense D individual10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But_,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.A in addition B in personC in detail D in theory历年试题1. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。 2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？ 3. 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。 4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。 5. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。 Unit 3重点单词和短语deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessiblerecruit be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for take into account have at heart be sensitive to for short amount toon (the) average compete with blame sb. for sth. by nature when it comes to be related to be worth doing 重点、难点句子详解1. It is very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens.例：It is important _ there in time. A. for you to get B. to you to get C. your getting D. of you getting 2. And it may be worth remembering that 解析：be worth意思是值得，后面接名词、代词以及主动形式的动名词。3. Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. 解析：Though是一个起连结性作用的副词，意思相当于however, but. 4. “Well, its not as if Im planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun.” 解析：As if 引出的从句，谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气。例：It seems as if it were spring now. 使用虚拟语气重点句型 1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3、从那时开始，已有20多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论。The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right.TEXT P591.安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。2.你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?3.支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。4.在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。5.反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。历年试题1. The film _（show） Cees Van Wendels death was both moving and sensitive. （99.10）.2. Each time the programmer of Van Wendals last days before euthanasia was showed on TV, it starts a nationwide debate _ the subject. （99.10）A. for B. against C. on D. of 3. 汉译英：每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。（99.10）4. 汉译英 ： 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。（00.10）Unit 4重点单词和短语domestic exploit campaign execute convict incidence deservedespite deport minimum maintenance guilt immigrant weed deny degrade inhumane civil liberty disaffection argument circusbring over watch over in unison call up pay back up to a great deal ofbe supposed to convict of feel like protect from risk doing sth.deal with according to be deserving of threaten to do sth. agree to do sth.distinguish from react to clean up 重点、难点句子详解1. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible.2. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. 3. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by. 4. What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile 常考句型1、据估计，有20000多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. There be 表“存在”的句型。2、在这20000人中，将近2000人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待。P1Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注。P3The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。P3A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资。P5She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4个孩子，所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作。P5Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.7、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被驱逐出境的危险。So if they do complain, they risk being deported.TEXT C-E（1）处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。（2）正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆。（3）她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。（4）家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注。（5）雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国。历年真题1. When they get out of prison, they _(increase) the level of their criminal behavior. 2.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help_domestic workers from abuse by their employers. A. protect B. suspect C. expect D. inspect 3. _their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other. A. As for B. Owing to C. Despite D. Through 1. 许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。 2. 自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。 3. 他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。 4. 她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低。 5. 据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。 Unit 5重点单词和短语folk transformation distinct sentiment originate spontaneous synthesisreadily amplifier electronics studio penetrating thereby participate multimedia inspire invariably improvise constructive creativepreliminary painstaking conception temper mold diversified conventional harmony evident take over take on take up take place build out of in existencein a sense at a stretch serve as in advance for the sake of be bornin fashion begin with it goes without saying that 重点、难点句子详解1. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. 例: Those stories, as well as this boring one, have been told almost hundreds of times.2. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce. 3. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group. 4. The creative act with Palestrina is not thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of well-established pattern.重点句型1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。P1The new music was built out of materials already in existence.2、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。P1Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students.3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分。P2They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music.4、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果。P4With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.TEXT C-E1. 这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。 2. 一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。 3. 这次争吵是由误会引起的。 4. 1949年后，军队接管了这个城市。 5. 为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作。 历年试题1. In the process of composition , it isnt easy to be inspired in a spontaneous way for long periods_a stretch. A. at B. for C. over D. in 2. 汉译英新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。 3. 汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。 4. 汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。 5. 新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐。 6. 民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。 7. 他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。 8. 他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素。 9. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。 Unit 6重点单词和短语efficiency appliance specific shade prevalent increasingly switchdefective spray personnel completion assemble cast reduction criticalintensify warning precede speculate partial reliability forecast decaysubside analyze shift expose sth./sb. to to a degree convert to/into preventfrom in between be responsible for in question differ from work on in that plenty of be capable of too to be on the alert set up associate with be involved in重点、难点句子详解1. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. 2. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. 3. While this is a small start, it is still a beginning.重点句型1、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。P2Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.2、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度低一些。P3Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. 现在分词短语作定语3、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。P3The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.4、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。P4Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.5、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。P5Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.6、机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类物体中辨别和检查出某一特定类物体。P5With the ability to see, robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. to see：不定式作后置定语7、任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人。P7Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.TEXT C-E1.近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入。2.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。 3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛。4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材。5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别。 历年试题1. Most todays robots are employed in the automoti