【中考英语语法复习必备】第17章倒装句与省略句.doc

第十七章 倒装句与省略句倒装句和省略句是英语中常用的两种特殊句式。倒装句是指由于修辞的需要，谓语动词发生前移的语句。省略句，省略句子中的某个或某些成分。有了倒装句和省略句，英语句子家族更加多姿多彩，语言表达也更加丰富了。一、倒装句英语句子的语序有时由于修辞的需要，把谓语或部分谓语提到主语之前，这样的句子称为倒装句。倒装句分为完全倒装(谓语全部置于主语之前)和部分倒装(部分谓语放在主语之前)两 种。1 完全倒装句子的主语较长时(多数情况下又没有宾语)，因为要避免头重脚轻的感觉，通常把表语或状语放在句子的前面。例如：Before the thief stood John who was a detective and had arrested him twice.这个小偷的面前站着曾逮过他两次的探长约翰。In the small box was the ring that he had given her twenty years before.那个小盒里面是那枚他二十年前送给她的戒指。So shocked was she at the news that he had died the day before.获悉他昨天去世的消息，令她十分震惊。2 部分倒装(1)so, neither, nor位于句首，表示与前面谓语所述情况相同。例如：I am a doctor.我是医生。So am I.我也是(医生)。He will go skating.他要去滑冰。So will she.她也要去(滑冰)。I didnt finish my homework.我作业没写完。Neither did I.我也没写完。I havent been to the Summer Palace.我没有去过颐和园。Neither have I.我也没有去过(颐和园)。The two-year-old child can not eat a meal herself; nor can she dress (herself).这个两岁的孩子还不会自己吃饭，她也不会自己穿衣服。(2)由否定词或否定含意的短语开头的句子和由so, often, only+状语等引导的句子 ，要倒装。注意：这类否定词或短语有：few(很少几个)，little(很少)，never(从不)，hardly(几乎不)，seldom(很少)，(in no way 决不)，in no case(决不)，at no time(任何时候都不)，nowhere(无处)，not.until ( 直到才)，no sooner.than(一就)，rarely (很少)，hardly.when(一就)Few friends has she made since she came into this school last yea r.自从去年她来到这个学校，没交几个朋友。Never have we heard of this kind of things.这种事情我们从来就没听说过。Only then did I realize how awful he was.只有在那时我才明白他是一个多么坏的人。You must eat less and keep sports more. Only in this way can you lose your weight.你必须少吃多运动，只有这样你才能把体重减下去(减肥)。Not until this morning did I know that he has got married.直到今天早晨我才知道他已经结过婚了。No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he hurried to see me.他一到北京便赶忙来看我。(3)一些由副词开头的句子，强调这些副词的作用，用倒装形式。这些常用的副词有：here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away等 。There comes a bus.来了一辆公共汽车。Out dashed a dog from the yard of that house.从那所房子的院子里冲出来一条狗。Up came the girl to me and she began to cry.那姑娘走到我跟前，就开始哭了起来。Here is your change.这是找给你的零钱。(4)一些表示祝愿的句子用倒装形式：May you enjoy your trip!祝你们旅途愉快!May you keep healthy!祝你身体健康!(5)as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装形式：Thirsty as they were, they kept marching in the desert.虽然他们很渴，但坚持在沙漠中前进。Much as she hates him, she will not refuse to help him.虽然她非常恨他，但仍然不想拒绝帮他。部分倒装歌诀常见疑问句结构，only 加状语在句首，虚拟条件句去if,否定词语置开头，not only 接分句，句首是neither,nor 或so ,情助助词、be提前，部分倒装记心头。二、省略句在上下文的表达较为清楚的情况下，为了避免重复，常省略句中的一个或几个成分，这样的句子称为省略句。1 句子中可以省略的部分句子中可以省略的部分有主语、谓语(或部分谓语)、宾语、冠词和不定式等。(1)主语的省略：Why not go and see whats happening?我们何不过去看看发生了什么事?Thanks a lot.多谢你了。What about a cup of tea?你喝杯茶怎么样?(2)谓语的省略：Her father works in a company and her mother (works) in a hospital.她父亲在一家公司工作，她母亲在医院工作。John ran fast and Bill (ran) even faster.约翰跑很快，彼尔甚至跑得更快。(3)宾语的省略：He designed (the bridge) and we built the bridge across the Yangtze River here.这里这座长江大桥是由他设计我们建造的。She started (the car) but stopped the car at once.她起动了这辆车，但又立即把它停住了。(4)介词的省略：Ill be back (on) this Saturday.我星期六回来。(5)省略冠词：Mr. Smith and (the) families are enjoying their dinner at that restaurant.史密斯先生和家人正在那家餐馆享用晚餐。(6)不定式的省略：I dont like to eat fish, but she likes very much (to eat fish) .我不喜欢吃鱼，但她却非常喜欢吃鱼。Im afraid to touch dogs, but she likes (to touch dogs) mostly.我害怕狗，但她却特别喜欢狗。(7)表语的省略：Im the first in the race and he (is the first) in study.我在比赛中获第一，而他在学习上是第一。2 并列句子之中的省略Some of them are playing baseball in the playground, others (are playing) football.他们之中一些人在操场上打棒球，另一些人在踢足球。You asked me to buy you a computer and now you will (get it) just in a few minutes.你要我给你买一台电脑，现在再过几分钟你就会得到了。3 复合句之中的省略(1)时间、条件和让步状语从句中的省略：从句与主句的主语相同，动词为be动词；或主语为it，这时从句的主语和be动词常常可以省略。When (I was) young, I liked swimming very much.当我年轻时，我非常喜欢游泳。Though (she was) poor, she was helpful.虽然她很穷，但她乐于助人。Its one of the best novels published these years, if (it is) not the best.如果不是最好的，它也是这些年来出版的最好的小说之一。His girlfriend suddenly left the cinema as if (she was) very angry.他的女友突然离开了电影院，好像非常生气。(2)than和as引导的从句中的省略：She is much older than (she was) two years ago.她比两年以前老多了。There are much more students in this school than (there are) in that one.这个学校的学生比那个学校多得多。The policemen will, as (they) always (do), give an yone a hand when he is in trouble.警察将像以往一样，在任何人遇到困难时予以帮助。(3)其他情况的省略：(I am) Sorry, I know nothing about it.对不起，我对此一无所知。(Is there) Any question you want