英文写作必备词汇(四).doc

301、to be incompatible with与不一致（不协调，不相容）Socialism and capitalism are basically two different social systems that are largely incompatible with each other.社会主义与资本主义基本上是两个互不相容的不同的社会制度。必备得分佳句：Sth. is absolutely incompatible withThe twoare two differentthat are incompatible with each other.302、to be indifferent to对漠不关心，对无动于衷After her second divorce she became indifferent to anyone, including her relatives and those friends she used to trust.第二次离婚之后，她对任何人都失去了兴趣，这些人包括她的亲戚和她曾经很信任的朋友。必备得分佳句：Sb. became indifferent toafterSb. is indifferent to303、to indulge in沉溺于，纵情于Some modern men know pretty well how to indulge in such things as eating, drinking and entertainment.现代人非常清楚如何纵情地吃喝玩乐。必备得分佳句：Sb. indulged himself/herself inI would never indulge in such things as304、to be inferior to劣于（次于，低于，不如）According to some psychological studies, those people who constantly feel that they are inferior to their peers are most likely to develop some negative attitude towards their own life in particular and the world as a whole.有些心理学研究表明，那些经常感觉到自己比他人低一等的人对它们自己的生活很可能会产生一种厌倦的心理。必备得分佳句：Those who are inferior toare usual lessthanSth. is obviously inferior toin regard to305、to inform sb. of使某人了解；通知某人；把告诉给某人There must be someone who had informed the owner of the bathing center of the sudden crack-down or he wouldnt be able to escape sweep.肯定有人在警方突然出击之前想该洗浴中心的老板通风报信了，否则他决不可能逃脱这次的清查。必备得分佳句：Please informofSb. must have informedof the306、to inhibit sb. from doing禁止某人干（做）He does not take any leadership role in the college, but this has not inhibited him from influencing the authorities on important decisions.他在学院没有担任领导职务，但这并没有妨碍他对校方做重大决策时产生影响。必备得分佳句：Sth. has greatly inhibited sb. fromNothing could inhibitfrom307、to give sb. an inkling of给某人一丝的暗示；使某人了解一些Nobody had given him an inkling of the crackdown before the police arrived, so it was too late for him to transfer all the drugs to other places.在警察赶到之前没有人把这次突击检查的消息告诉他，所以他来不及把毒品转移到其他的地方去。必备得分佳句：Nobody had given sb. an inkling ofbeforeSb. had already given sb. an inkling ofbefore308、to inquire into追究（调查，查问）Some has written and asked the police to inquire into the principles relations with the head of accounting department of the college.有人已经写信要求警方调查校长与学校财务处处长的关系。必备得分佳句：Sb. has askedto inquire intoSb. will inquire into309、to be inseparable from与密不可分Most of crimes, such as gambling, prostitution, tax evasion, embezzlement and official corruption, are obviously inseparable from the rotten social system and the rotten minds of the government officials.诸如赌博，卖淫，偷税漏税，贪污以及官员腐化等大多数的犯罪现象无疑与腐败的社会制度以及政府官员的腐败思想密不可分。必备得分佳句：Sth. is inseparable fromMostthinkis inseparable from310、to have the inside on掌握有关的内幕Drivers working for VIPs usually have the inside on the activities of their masters and therefore, most VIPs take care not to offend these “small potatoes”.给大人物开车的司机通常了解其主人活动的内幕，所以这些大人物一般注意不得罪这些“小人物”。必备得分佳句：Sb. has already had inside onFew people get the inside on 311、to insist on坚持要I urged her to take a good break, but she insisted on keep on working till she succeeded in the experiment.我催促让她好好休息休息，可是她坚持要继续工作，一直到实验成功为止。必备得分佳句：Sb. insisted onalthoughBecause sb. insisted on312、to inspire sth. into向灌输某种思想It is a simple truth that responsible parents will subconsciously inspire a sense of responsibility into their children and humorous parents pass a sense of humor onto their saplings.有高度责任感的父母会无意识地把责任灌输给他们的孩子，而幽默的父母则会把幽默感遗传给他们的后代。这是个很简单的事实。必备得分佳句：We must inspireintoso thatSb. was trying to inspireinto313、to draw inspiration from从中得到灵感，从中得到启发I have drawn a great deal of valuable inspiration from wide reading and constant observations, and from analyzing my observations of the daily occurrences, and this inspiration has enabled me to have many new and valuable discoveries.从广泛的阅读、不断的观察以及对日常事物的仔细观察分析之中，我得到了大量宝贵的灵感。这些灵感又使我有了很多宝贵的新发现。必备得分佳句：Sb. has drawn great inspiration fromSb. drew great inspiration fromwhich resulted in314、to have an instinct for有的本能，天性爱好The human body has an instinct for protecting itself, and when it confronts with a threat or a danger, it knows in most cases how to deal with them.人体有保护自身的本能，当它遇到威胁或危险，大多知道该如何应付。必备得分佳句：Sb. has a instinct forandIf you have an instinct for, youll315、to intendas打算使成为，想拿作为I intended the remark as a joke to break the ice and to get the meeting off the ground, but to my dismay it turned out to be offensive to some of the attendants.我本想说句玩笑话以打破当时的局面，使舞会热闹起来。但使我感到吃惊的是，这句话惹恼了几个在场的人。必备得分佳句：Sb. intendedasbut it turned out to beI didnt intendasthough316、to interfere with干涉（干预，妨碍）Some big power has been trying to interfere with the internal affairs of many other countries.某个超级大国一直在干涉很多其他国家的内政。必备得分佳句：Please do not interfere withSb. is not entitled to interfere with.317、to intervene in插手（干预，调停）Many of the local people have written and asked the local government to intervene in the pollution caused by the paper plant.当地有很多人给政府写信，要求政府管一管由造纸厂引起的污染问题。必备得分佳句：Assb. had to intervene inandSb. askedto intervene in, as318、to be involved in被卷入;与有牵连The word is that several secretaries of high-ranking government officials have involved in the case of tax evasion, and two of them are even involved in a case of embezzlement.人们传闻说有几个高级政府官员的秘书卷入了这次的偷税漏税案，而且其中的两个人还与一桩贪污案有牵连。必备得分佳句：Sb. is said to be involved inThose who got involved inwill319、to be irritated against/at对感到恼火，生的气Most of the professors of the university were very much irritated at the recent decision made by the school authorities, which is much more in favor of the those who take a leadership than in favor of those who are only engaged in teaching.校方最近做出的决定过于偏向身居领导职位的人，而十分不利于从事教学工作的教师，对这样的决定，该校的大部分教授都感到很恼火。必备得分佳句：Sb. was very much irritated at/againstWhen , sb. got very much irritated at/against320、to keep up with 赶上 ，不落后于We must keep up with the development of the worlds leading enterprises before we can keep pace with the changing of the international situations.我们决不能落后于世界领先企业的发展，只有这样我们才能适应日益变化着的国际形势。必备得分佳句：You must keep up with before you can Sb. finds it very hard to keep up with 321、to get a kick out of 从中得到乐趣Some people get a great kick out of doing useful things for other people while others seem to get a kick out of twiddling their thumbs and doing nothing useful either for other people or for themselves.有些人乐于为他人办事并从中得到很大的乐趣，而有些人则闲得无聊却自得其乐，为自己或他人什么有益的事情也不做。必备得分佳句：Sb. seems to get a great kick out of Sb. enjoys doing and get a kick out of 322、to kneel at sb. s feet 拜倒在某人的脚下Joseph Heller is a great novelist that has thrilled thousands of readers, so much so that many American accomplished novelists kneel at his feet and cant help singing his praises.约瑟夫海勒是个吸引了成千上万读者的了不起的小说家，甚至连美国很多很有名望的小说家和作家都拜倒在他的脚下，禁不住为他大唱赞歌。必备得分佳句：Sb. is so that many. kneel at his/her feet.Even many kneel at her feet for 323、to be known for 因而著称Freud is known for his psychoanalysis and his Dream Analysis and he is one of the greatest psychologists the world has ever known.弗洛伊德以他的精神分析法理论和他的梦的解析著称于世，而且他是全世界已知的最伟大的心理学家之一。必备得分佳句：Sb. is particularly known for Sb. is known for and his is 324、to lay a finger on 触碰（伤害）If he ever dares to lay a finger on you, let me know. Ill certainly let him have it.如果他再敢碰你一个手指头的话，你告诉我。我一定要让他尝尝我的厉害。必备得分佳句：If you dare to lay a finger on , Ill I dont think hell ever dare to lay a finger on 325、to go to the length of 居然会竟然会If he has set his heart and decided to beat someones time for the girl he is aiming at, he may go to the length of flinging mud at the man or even killing him.如果他瞄上了哪个女孩子并决心要把她从别人的手里夺过来，他居然会诽谤那个男生甚至会把他干掉。必备得分佳句：In order to sb. may even go to the length of Sb. went to the length of regardless of 326、to be licensed to do 被许可干 允许干If you are careful enough in your observation, you may notice that there are not a few companies and individuals that engage themselves in handling EMS，who are actually not licensed to do so.如果你仔细观察，你会发现有为数不少的公司和个人从事特快专递的经营业务，而这些公司和个人并没有这种经营的许可证。必备得分佳句：Sb. is not licensed to do Sb. was licensed to do but not 327、to keep the lid on 隐瞒（掩盖）The manager promised to give Jack a raise and asked him to keep the lid on what he had known about his affair with the new secretary, but Jack didnt seem to be satisfied with the offer and insisted to take the lid off the matter.经理答应给杰克长一级工资，让他不要把他与女秘书的事讲出去。然而，杰克对这个条件看起来并不满意，坚持要将其公布于众。必备得分佳句：Sb. asked to keep the lid on Sb. was unable to keep the lid on 328、to place a limit on 对加以限制We must place a limit on the power and rights of all those who assume a leadership role. Only by doing so can we reduce the possibility of their corruption to the minimum.我们必须对担任领导职务的人的权利加以限制，只有这样我们才能把他们腐败的可能性降低到最低点。 limit 是名词，有“限度”，“极限”或“限制”等意。p As we grow older we learn the limits of our abilities.当我们的年龄越来越大时，就会知道自己的能力有限。p It is said that the tourism administration will place a limit on the number of visitors to this tourist spot from next year on.据说，从明年开始旅游局将限制参观该旅游区的人数。p You are gaining weight, youd better place a limit on your diet.你已经发胖了，最好限制一下饮食。必备得分佳句In order to . , sb. decided to place a limit onWe must place a limit on before we can329. to keep close links with 与保持密切联系Its said that in this city if the owner of a restaurant wishes to avoid sticky things, he or she must keep close links with some of the local policemen.据说在这个城市中，饭馆老板如果想避免麻烦，就必须与当地的一些警察保持密切的联系。link除了“环”，“节”或“圈”等意思外，还有“纽带”，“联系”或“关系”等意思。p The road is our only link with the village.这条路是连接我们和村庄的惟一纽带。p This woman smoker found a link between smoking and lung cancer and sued the tobacco company.这名女性吸烟者发现了吸烟与肺癌之间的关系，便起诉了烟草公司。p He still keeps close links with the underworld.他与黑社会依然保持着密切联系。p As a realistic writer, Mr. Lao She had always been keeping close link with the ordinary people.作为一名现实主义作家，老舍先生一直与普通百姓保持着密切的联系。必备得分佳句Sb. keeps close links within order toIf you want toyou must keep close links with330. to pay lip service to对开空头支票The common folks will not be satisfied with the governments only paying lip service to improving their life; they want to see the government take some practical measures instead of shouting slogans.政府如果只是口头上喊要改善老百姓的生活，老百姓是不会满意的。他们希望看到政府采取一些具体措施而不要只空喊口号。lip是“嘴唇”，lip service是个固定搭配，意为“口头许诺”，与汉语口语中的“空头支票”近义。p The boss always paid lip services to us but never gave us factual awards.老板总是给我们开空头支票，却从来不给予实际的奖赏。p When the mayor announced that he would raise the unemployment benefits next year, nobody believed him any more because they all knew that the mayor was but paying another lip service to them.当市长宣布明年要为失业人员增加补助时，没有人再相信他了，因为人们都知道他不过是又在对他们开空头支票。 必备得分佳句Nobody could believe, becausealways pays lip service toSb. paid lip service to , who 331.to be at loggerheads with 和发生争执，和顶牛I dont know why you should always be at loggerheads with your father. He must have been very disappointed when you have behaved like that.我不知道为什么你老是跟你爸爸顶牛。你那样做肯定会使他特别失望。to be at loggerheads with 是个口语中常用的固定搭配。其中的loggerhead原指一种熔解柏油的用具，后来用作武器，在海战中交战双方用loggerheads向双方泼柏油。16世纪后，to be at loggerheads产生了“相互争执”的意思。p They have been at loggerheads with their neighbors for years.他们多年来一直同邻居们不和。p She is often at loggerheads with her husband over the most trivial matters.她经常为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事和丈夫吵架。p The two countries are presently at loggerheads with each other over the boarder issues.目前两个国家因其边境问题发生了争执。 Loggerheads还经常与come，fall，get，go等动词构成短语，即come/get/go to loggerheads表示“相互争吵起来”，或“打起架来”等。p The gangsters fell to loggerheads over unequal division of their spoils.这群歹徒因为分赃不均打了下来。必备得分佳句The twoare now at loggerheads with other overSb. always seems to be at loggerheads withfor332. to louse up 把搞得一团糟例：When the manager asked John if he was sure of his ability to get the contract, he assured him of his confidence in getting the contract signed. But he loused up the whole business, the result of which was quite out of his own expectation.当经理问约翰对得到这份合同是否有把握时，约翰向他保证说他有信心使其签约。然而，他把这件事搞得一团糟，其结果完全出乎他本人的意料。注：louse 作名词用，意为“虱子”或“寄生虫”；作动词用，意为“清除上的虱子”。短语to louse up是个口语中常用的词组，字面意思是“某事像爬满了虱子似地乱七八糟的”，引申为“把弄糟”或“毁坏”等。The rain loused up the picnic. 一场雨使这次野餐泡汤了。Chronic gambling loused up his life. 赌博成性毁了他的一生。When we get there, we found the hotel reservations had got loused up.当我们赶到那里时发现旅馆房间的预定搞得一团糟。必备得分佳句 Sb. loused up and When. , sb. Loused up the .333. to be mad about . 对着迷，狂热地迷恋例：Nowadays, many young boys and girls are mad about singing stars and movies stars.现在很多男孩女孩对歌星、影星可着迷了。注：mad 为形容词，通常表示“疯狂的”或“精神错乱的”的意思。The boy was so scared by the mad woman as to start crying.那男孩被这个疯女人吓哭了。除此之外，mad 也有“狂热的”，“着迷的”或“如痴如醉的”等意。Recently my son became mad about playing video game.最近我儿子迷上了电子游戏。The girl is mad about buying a new car.这个女孩一心想买一部新汽车。当mad 后的介词为at 或with时，该短语表示“极为愤怒的”或“十分恼火的”之意。She was mad at me for breaking her vase.她因为我打碎了她的花瓶对我大为恼火。If she gets mad with him, she will not speaking to him for days.她跟他一生气就会许多天不理他。必备得分佳句 Sb. is so mad about .that. Nowadays there are more and more people who are mad about.334. to make do with. 用凑合例：Travelers will constantly have to make do with canned foods and they may not be able to get a warm meal for days.旅游的人时常得凑合着吃些罐头食品，有时他们甚至一脸几天也吃不上一顿热饭。注：to make do with . 是口语中极其常用的一个词组，其具体意思根据上下文而定，但基本意思是“用来凑合”，“用取而代之”，“用勉强应付”或“将就着用”。We ran out of gas, so well make do with cold meat for dinner.我们的煤气用完了，晚餐只好用冷肉将就了。We dont have new towels. Can you make with this old one?我们没有新毛巾了，你能将就着用这条旧的吗？The chairs have not arrived yet, so we shall have to make do with these boxes. 椅子还没运来，所以我们只好坐在这些箱子上了。有时介词with可以省略。例如：During the war, we had no butter or coffee, but we made do.在战争期间，我们没有黄油，也没有咖啡，但是我们凑合着过来了。He can make one shirt do for a week.一件衬衫他能凑合着穿一个星期。必备得分佳句 Sb. had to make do with. as he/she. We can make do with.since.335. to make place for . 让位于；为腾出地方例：He knows that he can no longer contribute to the school, but he refuses to make place for anyone who may do a much better job.他知道自己已经不能再给学校继续做贡献了，可是他拒绝将其位置让给更能干的人。注：短语to make place for.是个常用的词组。On buses we can often see young people make place for the old.在公共汽车上，我们经常看到年轻人为老年人让位的情景。Lets move the bookcase out to make place for a bookshelf.我们把这个书箱搬出去，腾出地方来摆个书架。The president asked some department head to make place for a younger man.院长让某个系主任把位置让给年轻人。此外，to make place for.还可以表示地位的转让。The department chairman said he would retire to make place for younger people.系主任说他要退休了，要把位子让给年轻人。必备得分佳句 If you cannot.you should make place for. Sb. asked.to make place for.who may .336. to have the makings of . 具备所需要的品质（素质）例：Most of the schoolteachers looked down on Jack and sadly enough, they thought he was already past praying for. But his math teacher thought quite otherwise: he thought the boy had had all the makings for an accomplished mathematician.学校的大多数学老师看不起杰克，更糟糕的是，他们都认为杰克已经没有什么希望了。然而他的数学老师却不这么看：他认为杰克完全具备成为一名大数学家的所有素质。注：在to have the makings of .一语中，makings 意为“素质”，“内在因素”或“必备的条件”。因此，此语就是用来表示“具备所需要的品质”或“具备的素质”等意思。He has in him the makings of a great man.他有成为伟人的潜质。You have all the makings of a good doctor.你具备成为一名优秀的医生的素质。After reading Pauls essay, Professor Hawking commented that he had the makings of a writer.霍金教授看完保罗的作文后，评价说他具备成为作家的基本素质。必备得分佳句 Sb. is seen to have the makings of . Sb. has spotted.as the one who has the makings of.337. to bear malice to/towards. 对怀有恶意例：Some people bear someone a grudge that goes against him, other people bear malice towards those who are doing a better job than they do, and I become thankful to all those who either go against me or do a better job than me.有些人对反对他们的人怀恨在心，还有些人对那些比他们强的人怀有恶意。我却感谢所有的人，包括反对我的人或比我干得好的人。注：malice是名词，意为“恶意”或“怨恨”He had no malice towards anyone. 他对任何人都没有恶意。Its wrong to bear malice to your uncle only because he criticized you.仅仅因为你舅舅批评了你就对他心怀恶意是不对的。必备得分佳句 Sb. bears malice towards those who. Sb. bears no malice towards those who. 338. to map out a plan to/for.制定(拟定)的计划例：At the press conference, the mayor told the reporters that his government would map out a map for a crackdown on such crimes as tax evasion, embezzlement, gambling and anything that is in line with prostitution.在记者招待会上，市长告诉在场的记者说他的政府将制定计划，严厉打击诸如偷税漏税、贪污、赌博一集卖淫等犯罪活动。注：map作动词用，意为“绘制的地图”或“在地图上标示出”。The explorers will be able to map the position of the island after this expedition.这次探险之后，探险家们就能够标出该岛在地图上的位置了。短语to map out a plan是个较正式的用语。The local government mapped out a plan to build a large park on the east outskirts.当地政府拟定出个计划，决定在东郊建一个大型公园。Many young parents begin to map put a plan for their childrens life as soon as they are born.很多年轻的父母在孩子刚一出生时就开始为他们规划人生。短语to map out也经常和其他名词搭配使用。如：Map out ones future 为未来制定计划Map out a new career 为新的事业拟定计划The company mapped out an advertising campaign for the new product.公司为新产品制定了一项广告推广计划。必备得分佳句sb. will map out a plan and decided to.after . , sb. mapped a plan to339. to strip off the mask of .剥去的伪装，扯下的面罩例：When Sandra became handicapped because of an accident, Frank stripped off the mask of loving her in all his life and decided to give her the air for a new girlfriend.当桑德拉因车祸而致残时，富兰克林扯下了要爱她一生的假面具，决定抛弃她另寻新欢。注：mask是名词，意为“面具”或“假面具”等意思。He hid his hatred for his master under a mask of loyalty.他把对主人的仇恨掩藏在对他的忠心耿耿的背后。strip是动词，有“脱去”，“剥去”或“除去”等意。The bankruptcy of her fathers business helped her to strip off the mask of love from Jack, for he deserted her soon afterwards.父亲生意的破产帮助她剥去了杰克的假面具，因为不久他便抛弃了她。mask还可以与其他动词或动词词组搭配使用。例如：drop/throw/pu