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1、BlackBerrys, it is true, still have lots of enthusiastic followers. Commuters and corporate road warriors needing to keep in touch with colleagues and clients swear by them, as well as into them and at them.词汇点拨: BlackBerrys 黑莓手机(一种手机品牌) Commuters 上下班的人(通常距离比较远的人)(通勤者)n. (远距离)上下班往返的人 corporate road warriors 公司中经常出差的人 swear by 信赖 swear into 使用(语境理解的,没有这个固定短语,估计是作者自创的) swear at 咒骂(固定短语) 主干识别:今天其实是两个句子第一句的主干很简单: BlackBerrys still have lots of enthusiastic followers. 第二个句子的主干是: Commuters and corporate road warriors swear by them, as well as into them and at them. (them指代黑莓手机)其他成分:第一句: it is true主谓结构做插入语;同时省略了that ; it is true that. 第二句: needing to keep in touch with colleagues and clients 定语修饰前面的两种人。(这里有歧义,可能修饰两种人,也可能修饰第二种 人,通过句子无法判断,所以不用纠结,语言就是有这样的歧义,考试是不会成为考点的)难点点拨:主语和谓语之间的隔离问题是句子的难点;只要注意了句子主干的把握这个句子应该比较好理解,同时单词的具体含义是需要在语境中理解的。参考译文:确实,黑莓手机有自己一帮忠实的追随者。那些远距离上下班的人和公司里的出差狂人们,他们需要和同事客户保持联系,他们信赖黑莓手机,使用 黑莓手机,同时也在咒骂黑莓手机。2、When carving, Plato said, one should be aware of the natural joints. It is a sound principle,but one that American politicians often forget when it is time to redraw the electoral map.词汇讲解:carve 雕刻 Plato 柏拉图 natural joint (自然连接处,如竹节,木节等) sound 有道理的 electoral map 选区主干识别:同样这是两个句子: 第一个句子主干:one should be aware of the natural joints 第二个句子主干:并列引起了省略补全之后是:It is a sound principle but( it is )the one =principle.其他成分:第一句:Plato said 插入语 when carving, 状语,carving 动作的发出者是 one; 这是典型的非谓语动词做状语。 第二句:that American politicians often forget 定语从句; when it is time to redraw the electoral map.定语从句中的状语从句翻译点拨:定语从句,定语很多时候都不会翻译为:.的,而是翻译为单独的一个句子。参考译文:柏拉图说过,一个人在雕刻的时候应该注意到材料的自然连接处(竹节,木节),这是一个合理的原则,但是当美国的政客们在重新划分选区的时候 却忘记了这个原则。注释:选区的划分要注意种族,语言,文化的自然地理划分。自然的连接相当于一个比喻。3、THIS newspaper was established in 1843 to take part in a severe contest between intelligence, which presses forward, and an unworthy, timid ignorance obstructing our progress.词汇讲解:unworthy adj. 不值得的;无价值的;不合适的;可恶的,卑劣的 obstruct 阻碍 severe 严重的;激烈的 intelligence 智慧,知识 (情报)主干识别:THIS newspaper was established in 1843 其他成分:to take part in a severe contest between intelligence and ignorance 目的状语 which presses forward; intelligence 的定语 an unworthy, timid; ignorance的前置定语 obstructing our progress ;ignorance的后置定语参考译文:这份报纸创立于1843年,旨在加入一场智慧和无知间的激烈争斗。这种智慧促进我们的进步而这种无知是卑劣的,懦弱的,并会阻碍我们的前进。翻译点拨:对于很多修饰成分当和主干放置于一起不方便的时候,完全可以单独成句。 大家可以感受一下这样翻译是不是很难受: 这份报纸创立于1843年,旨在加入一场促进我们进步的智慧和卑劣的,懦弱的,并会阻碍我们的前进的无知之间的激烈争斗。(当然这样翻译也是接受的)背景介绍:这句话是著名的杂志经济学人的创刊语。虽然这确实是一本杂志,但他们认为自己是一份周报。4、Probably there is no one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena. 词汇讲解: 1. in course of 在的过程中,在中如:The new textbook is in course ofpreparation.新教科书正在准备之中。in the course of = during 在期间,在的时候 如:He has seen many changes in the course of his long life.他在漫长的一生中目睹了许许多多的变化。The company will face major challenges in the course of the next few years.这家公司以后几年将面临重大的挑战。所以这里的in the course of day 就直接理解为:一天之中 (这是一个很装的用法,我们写作的时候不能用) 2. occasion 时候,时机 3. set in motion + sth 短语:发起,着手做 4. a train of 一系列的,一连串的 5. scientific man 科学家主干识别:there is no one here其他成分: who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning 定语从句的主干难点:(1) of the very same kind as that 定语从句中的定语修饰 reasoning (That指代reasoning)(2) though differing in degree 定语从句中的定语也修饰reasoning ,前后两个定语补全是这样的:(1)reasoning differing (that which a scientific man goesthrough in tracing the causes of natural phenomena) in degree.(2) reasoning ofthe very same kind as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena. 根据两个定语的语义在加上一个though(虽然). 接下来: which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.定语从句修饰that ;其中 in tracing the causes of natural phenomena 为状语。 参考译文: 世上大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动,而这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动,尽管复杂程度不同,但在类型上是完全一样的。 世上大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动,这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动,在类型上是完全一样的,尽管复杂程度是不同的。翻译点拨: 哪些附加成分长了就单独翻译成句子,这是我们一贯的原则,双重否定能保持原汁原味是最好,实在不行再翻译为肯定。背景介绍: 这个句子是空间中一位同学留言的句子,我查一下是某次翻译考试的句子。是属于科学研究方法的文章,这样的文章考研常考,很晦涩,但是看多了就好了。不要沮丧于看不懂,因为你之前就没看过,没人天生就会。都是慢慢积累的。5、Look dispassionately at Japans economic performance over the past ten years, though, and “the second lost decade”, if not the first, is a misnomer.词汇讲解:dispassionately 平静的,不带主观色彩的; economic performance 经济发展状况和表现; Misnomer 错用名称,描述不当; Though 但是,却 (副词)主干识别:这里是一个并列句: 第一部分主干是祈使句:Look dispassionately at Japanseconomic performance over the past ten years 第二部分主干是:“the second lost decade” is a misnomer. 注意:在做阅读题目的时候理解到这一层就完全够了,后面的就是作者为了装自己很客观而加的一些废话了。其他成分: If not the first 其实是一个省略的用法,补全了是: If “the first lost decade”is not amisnomer,“the second lost decade” is a misnomer. 合并同类项: “the second lost decade” , if not the first, is a misnomer.一个酷酷的用法就这样诞生了。以后就是固定用法了。The phone weakens, if not kills, the beauty of the letter writing .Many people ,if not all, would come here. (评论:KK这个解释太清楚了,太体贴了。)参考译文:冷静地看待日本过去十年的经济发展状况,我们会发现,(为了中文行文通顺,加的内容,不影响句子本来的意思)就算称第一个十年为失去的十年是没有错的,但 “第二个失去的十年”的提法确实有失偏颇。翻译点拨:在译文中我加了:“我们会发现”这是为了中文更加行文通顺,加的内容,不影响句子本来的意思。这是以后会讲到的翻译方法。注释:有同学对于though 还是会纠结,其实though放在那里都可以: though 在第二个并列句中用作副词表但是,却的意思,并且就是不要though 也是可以的,本来If not就自带了但是的意思。Look dispassionately at Japanseconomic performance over the past ten years, and though “the second lostdecade”, if not the first, is a misnomer. Look dispassionately at Japanseconomic performance over the past ten years, and “the second lost decade”, ifnot the first, though,is a misnomer. 主要还是根据语义来处理副词。6、昨天的句子: The phone weakens, if not kills, the beauty of the letter writing.Kills 是动词就找前面的动词,weakens这样就配上了:主句中的其他词就是被省掉的。如果一定要补全就是:Ifthe phone does not kills the beauty of the letter writing , the phone weakens the beauty of the letter writing . 就算电话没有完全毁了(kill),那也是极大的削弱了(weaken),书信写作的美丽, (在翻译的时候为了中文行文的通顺,加上一些程度词是可以的)今天的句子是为很多已经开始复习的同学所熟悉的,如果熟悉的同学就背诵,不熟的同学就学习。 This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. (背诵句)【词汇突破】cognitive认知的(后天习得的)intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有:nature先天;nurture后天; born先天的;made后天的;innate天生的;acquired后天习得;determine决定 coupled with相当于and,,类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。【主干识别】句子的主语是This success和later research;谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语;主干结构是:this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that 【其他成分】在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语,在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语;在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语;morethan结构翻译为与其说,不如说。【微观解析】由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长,且是用两个逗号隔开的,在阅读的时候可以跳读;把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。【译文赏析】这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道,记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。7、I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.词汇突破: much-publicized:公开的,引人注目的Resignation:辞职Build-up: 集结的,巨大的(写作词汇)Doctrine:信条Downshifting:降档,这里根据语境应灵活翻译为悠闲,闲适。主干识别: I have discovered that 加宾语从句其他成分: as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress. 状语从句(也有语法书把这个句子当做是as,引导的非限制性定语从句,叫什么不重要,表意清楚就好)可还原主干为 as Kelsey will discover after a build-up of stress这个结构做状语。That 后面是一个宾语从句,主干为abandoning the doctrine and making the move brings rewards. (记住:多个动名词和动词不定式做主语谓语动词依然用第三人称单数形式)With it 做状语,it指代的是前面的两个动作,表示强调,随之的意思,但通常可以不翻译。微观解析: 解析这个句子应该先找discovered后的宾语从句的主干,再解析。of juggling your life是doctrine的定语,far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 定语修饰rewards 难点揭秘: 过长的状语时阅读的一大障碍,as引导的句子中省略了动词应还出discover,省略的精髓就是为了简洁,相同的部分就不用再表达了。不过写作的时候要不是没有十足把握还是别用,一步一步的来哦。译文赏析 :我已经发现,放弃那种为生活忙碌的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活所带给你的回报远远大于经济的成功和社会地位。或许凯尔西因不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在女友杂志社的编辑一职之后也会有这样的发现。8、It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破:visualize 想象 Figure out 发现和找出 numerical patterns 数字模型 Suits 使适合 Elude 逃避,躲避; 使回避主干识别: 句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,it是句子的形式主语;句子主干为: How is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits 宾语是one ;How capacity suits one to answer questions is not obvious.这就是整个句子的最核心的完整信息;其他信息往上加就可以了。其他成分:状语为to answer主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语; 动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。难点揭秘:这个句子是一个由形式主语it引导的主语从句,其中难点 为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits.译文赏析:构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的,这点我们还不是很清楚。翻译点拨:该单独成句的就单独成句;中文中习惯用人做主语,遇到这样的形式主语的句子加上,我们,大家,人们这样泛指的主语可以让中文更加行文流畅,也不改变句子意思。9、We are not now that strength which in theold daysMoved earth and heaven; that which we are,we are,One equal-temper of heroic hearts,Made weak by time and fate, but strong inwillTo strive, to seek, to find, and not toyield.当年事业多辉煌,横扫千军谁敢当。时间过了很多年,昔日英姿在何方。如今头颅白似雪,精疲力尽手足凉。但我仍有英雄胆,还要继续去远方。我为人生唱赞歌,诗成余意尚彷徨。(这样的翻译有再创作的成分在里面,所以诗歌的翻译很多时候都不是完全一致的)继续努力,来看看今天的句子吧,以前已经看过的同学你也别显摆,你能背了吗?能背了很熟了吗,人这一生能背的句子其实并不多,能很熟的就更少了,背吧!It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.词汇突破:auditors 审计人员 Distract 分散注意力 cash register 收银机主干识别:It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句. 形式主语从句其他成分:for auditors 状语 scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。微观解析:scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干 who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句 by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语 of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 做定语; while the other eye is on the microscope状语.难点揭秘:主语从句中出现定语从句,定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为显著了。译文赏析:审查者完全有理由相信,知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机,另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 ( By短语在句子中是充当状语,翻译为原; where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么,知道怎么做,这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为:知道他们要去哪里和怎么去,就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译)10、Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.词汇突破:steer 指挥,控制 Precise 精确的主干识别:Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构其他成分:used to describe monetary policy 过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the language Such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容词短语 形容词短语做后置定语修饰the language难点揭秘:主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。译文赏析: 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇,例如操纵经济软着陆或者轻踩刹车,使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。(但这些说法是最不靠谱的)(第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻译,在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子:1:An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 可以翻译为:机会难得。2:Such things are of no rare occurrence.可以翻译为:这些事情经常发生) 11、 To be stupid, selfish, and have good health are three requirements for happiness, though if stupidity is lacking, all is lost. 愚蠢、自私、身体好,是幸福三要素,不过最重要的是愚蠢,没了愚蠢,什么快乐都不会有。福楼拜 There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary,says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.词汇突破:the treasury secretary 财政部长(美) Anecdote 轶闻,趣闻 Statistics 数据(还有一个我们不熟悉的意思:表格) Picture 情况,事态,局面,状况,情形,形势 Mass of business anecdote :通常我们不翻译为商业轶事的大量,而翻译为大量的商业轶事,这样更符合中文的习惯主干识别:There is a disjunction.其他成分:as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语(状语从句充当的其中还多了一个同位语做的插入语 the treasury secretary) between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 后置定语修饰a disjunction.微观解析:between the mass of business anecdote and the picture; 为定语的主体部分; that points to a leap in productivity修饰anecdote; reflected by the statistics修饰picture难点揭秘:由于插入语的加入,造成了对主干是别的难度,尤其是在between and结构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其更难于理解,但是抓住主干是王道。译文赏析:正如财长鲁宾所说,在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和实际数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。(为了行文流畅我加了“实际”二字。) (也可以把比较长的那个部分单独翻译,这样更符合中文的习惯。 有大量的商业佚事表明生产力的飞跃发展,但是财长罗伯特.鲁宾认为现实数据表明的情况并不能支持这些传奇。)12、And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.词汇突破:authority权威harness 使停止的意思;(你从字典上去查还能查到治理等意思)和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达;还有一个单词是curb,这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control,原意是缰绳的意思,这个单词为考研高频词。你记住了:harness = curb = control 不要纠结,在考试中就是可以替换的,都是高频词记住就好了 Conscious有意识的 intensely powerful mental events = dreams ;这个句子是来自于一篇讲梦的 文章,在文章中给出了这样的同义改写也够让人感到纠结的了。主干识别:one leading authority says that+宾语从句;其他成分:宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列连词not only but also连接两个并列的动词harnessed 和 brought;to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语难点揭秘:动词的并列造成识别上的困难。译文赏析:而一名顶级权威认为,这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制,实际上还可以受到意识的控制,进而帮助我们睡眠,使我们感觉好一些。提别解释:有同学翻为:帮助我们睡的更好,感觉更好,也是可以的这是语言的正常的二义性,有的时候这样的二义不会对句子的实际理解造成影响。13、A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.,词汇突破:reveal 揭露constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性,首要地位主干识别:A comparison reveals notbut主谓宾结构其他成分:of British geological publications定语修饰comparison, over the last century and a half定语修饰publications,an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research宾语,a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列宾语微观解析:an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on the primacy of research修饰emphasis;research修饰definition ; what 引导一个宾语从句作of 的宾语,what为宾语从句中的主语。难点揭秘:出现并列的宾语并且在宾语中的定语又出现一个宾语从句,这样就增加了句子的复杂性,并且在句中出现了好几个动态名词。译文赏析:将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较,(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升,而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。 ( 在这个句中有两个动态名词一个是comparison;还有一个为emphasis; 其中还有一个动态形容词changing;在翻译的处理上我们都把他翻译为动词,并增加概说的主语我们)14、今天句子太惊艳了,不做任何解释,看吧!没清楚了我后面再讲!But everybody knows Obama needs a liberal to stop the court from moving further to the right than it already has under John Roberts, the present chief justice, a man more stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier, whose professions of judicial modesty during his own confirmation hearings in 2005 gave little inkling of the controversial decisions over which he has since presided.词汇突破:liberal 自由主义者 Chief justice 大法官 Stealth 隐形轰炸机 Aircraft-carrier 航空母舰 judicial modesty 司法中庸的理念 confirmation hearings 确认听证会 inkling 想法,暗示,迹象 controversial 具有争议性的 professions 表明(这是一个动态名词,在翻译的过程中常常翻译为动词) gave little inkling 没有给出线索;(没成想)句子主干:everybody knows 其他成分:Obama needs a liberal to stop the court (宾语从句主干) from moving further to the right (状语) than it already has under John Roberts (比较状语从句修饰moving further to the right)(省略了has moved) the present chief justice 同位语(John Roberts) a man more stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier 同位语(John Roberts) whose professions of judicial modesty during his own confirmation hearings in 2005 gave little inkling of the controversial decisions over which he has since presided. 定语从句修饰(John Roberts)微观分析:定语从句的主干:whose professions of judicial modesty gave littleinkling of the controversial decisions 定语从句中再给出了两个定语:(1) during his own confirmation hearings in 2005(2) over which he has since presided.翻译点拨:可以先翻译同位语: 现任首席大法官约翰.罗伯茨,与其说像航母不如说更像隐形轰炸机。 再来翻译定语从句前半句,将主语和定语部分单独成句: 2005年,在其就职确认听证会上,他表示将信奉中庸的司法理念,没成想在他主政之后却做成了很多有争议的判罚。 接着翻译宾语从句: 先翻译状语: 法庭在约翰的领导下,已经往右发展了,奥巴马需要一个自由主义者来阻止法庭进一步的右转。 最后翻译主句: 这一点是大家都知道的。参考译文:现任首席大法官约翰.罗伯茨,与其说像一艘航母不如说像一架隐形轰炸机。2005年,在其就职确认听证会上,他表示将信奉中庸的司法理念,没成想在他主政之后却做成了很多有争议的判罚。法庭在约翰的领导下,已经往右发展了,奥巴马需要一个自由主义者来阻止法庭进一步的右转。这一点是大家都知道的。15、A financial vehicle that saw the euro zone take most ris

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