广东省雷州市附城中学高三英语语法复习之定语从句讲练.doc

定语从句一.定语的概念：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示（先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语）a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ）jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with sam （ ）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：the man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在定语从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“.的”三定语从句的分类四、定语从句的基本用法：1.定语从句的引导词（指代类型及其在定语从句中的句子成分）引导词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 2.思考下列问题：1.the boys who are playing football are from class one. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。2.mr liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。3. he has a friend whose father is a doctor. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。4.he likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。5. the number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。6.i still remember the day when i first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学 校的那一天。 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。7.the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。8. please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 分析：关系词_ 在从句中作_。=(9) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (10) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 五定语从句考查重点：（一）定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人时可以用who/whom）1. 当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：this is the best film that i have ever seen. the first place that they visited in london was the big ben. 2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some, much等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：have you taken down everything that mr. li said? there seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.all that can be done has been done. there is little that i can do for you. he stayed in the library and looked up some information that they needed. 3. 当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。如：this is the very dictionary that i want to buy. after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 4. 当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：who is the man that is standing by the gate? which is the t-shirt that fits me most? 5. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：they talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 思考：什么时候只能which 而不能用that呢？1.在_中；2.在_之后。（二）关系代词的省略： the factory we visited yesterday was really old. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) the man you just talked to was my english teacher. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) 当关系代词在从句中作_时可以省略。（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose1.the school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.the school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2.this is the boy (whom / who / that) i played tennis with yesterday.this is the boy_i played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男（四）非限制性定语从句中，先行词为整个句子，可用as或引which导，例如： he was honest, as/which we can see. 注意：（1）as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 ，which 有“这，这一点”（2）当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as i have never heard such a story as he tells. he is not such a fool as he looks. 六：思考 总结1.“介词+which”结构中，介词应该如何选择？_2.as 和which 指代整个句子时，有什么区别？_3.定语从句解题步骤：_七：高考链接3.(2010年) he filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.6. （2014）the next day, my brother and i went to the beach 24_ we watched some people play volleyball.7.(2013) nicks guests, 20_ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.8isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday?八易错题：用适当的连接词填空。1. (1) this is the house _ i once lived. (2) this is the house _ i once visited. 2. (1) i wont forget the days _ we studied in the college. (2) i wont forget the days _ we spent together. 4. (1) the reason _ he explained to me is unreasonable. (2)he couldnt give the teacher a good reason _ he was late for school.5. (1) he still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. (2)he still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. (3)he still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table.改错题：1. this is the longest train which i have ever seen.2. he often helps the students which are not quick at their studies.3.illshowyouthemagazinewhoiboughttheotherday.4. ourteacherlivesinthehousewhich doorfacestothenorth.5. isthereanythingwhich icandoforyou,sir?6. mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012，that made one of the chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.7. happiness and success often come to those that are good at recognizing their own strengths.8. i borrowed the book