8Bunit1grammar复习讲义.doc

5搬经镇中八年级讲义牛津版 BGrammar 现在完成时 2008-2009学年搬经镇中“学教做合一”讲义年级：八年级 学科：英语 执笔：夏峰云 审核：陈薇、丁严红、陈志红、许娟、丁美红分管领导：_ 校长：_内容：现在完成时 课型：复习课 上课时间：2009-6-_教学目标：一、 学习目标：1 巩固现在完成时的结构，掌握现在完成时的用法。2. 区别一般过去时与现在完成时的用法，并能正确运用。二、 学法指导：练习法、小组合作法【课前复学】 复习现在完成时的结构及用法，完成以下练习 1. 现在完成时的构成：肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 回答：_ /_/No, not yet. 特殊疑问句：_ 2.动词过去分词的构成规则(各举两例)：规则变化：(1)_ (2)_ (3)_ (4)_ 不规则变化：（1）cut _ _ set _ _ read _ _ (2) bring _ _ catch _ _ hear_ _ lay _ _ feel _ _ (3) become_ _ run _ _ (4) drive _ _ throw _ _ wear_ _forget_ _drink_ _speak_ _ 【精讲部分】1. 现在完成时的用法（一）：_ Eg: 1. The floor is so clean. Who _(mop) it? 2. Eddie _(eat) all the food. The bowl is empty. 3. My parents _(not see)the film, they_(watch)it tonight. 常用的时间副词及其在句中的位置：_just常用于肯定句、中，放在助动词have / has后，He has just come .never表示否定, 放在助动词have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.ever多用于疑问句中, Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.yet 用于否定和一般疑问句，位于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, 放在助动词have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.recently用于各种句式，位于句末，I havent heard from recently.Ex: 1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)_ 2. He has never been to the Great Wall, _ _? (改为反义疑问句) 3. They have just left the small village.(改为否定句，一般疑问句并做否定回答) _ _2. 现在完成时的用法（二）：_ 此时动词必须具有延续性，常与一段时间连用 （1）与之连用的时间状语有：so far (迄今),in/during/over the past/lastyears/months(在过去的年里/月里),all ones life, these days, this week for表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。 since表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born. since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间，提问时用How longEx: 用since或for填空：1. I have been at this school _ more than two years.2. She has worked in the factory _ ten years ago.3. Mr. Green has lived in the city _ he was born.4. His father has been a party member _ twenty years. (2) 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换buy/receive/gethavehave/has hadborrowkeephave/has keptarrive be in/athave/has been in/atleavebe away( from)have/has been away (from)joinbe in/a member ofhave/has been in/a member ofdiebe deadhave/has been deadget marriedbe marriedhave/has been marriedcome/go be in/at have/has been in/atbegin/startbe onhave/has been onstop/finish/endbe overhave/has been overcome into usebe in usehave/has been usebegin to dodo have/has donefall ill/asleepbe ill/asleephave/has been ill/asleepget to know knowhave/has knownopen/close(sb.) keepopen/closed(sth.) be open/closedhave/has keptopen/closedhave/has been open/closedEx:（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He our village since two years ago.（2）He left home three days ago=He home for 3 days.（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=I the watch since 2 weeks ago.（4）The film has begun= The film for half an hour.（5）I got to know him 10 years ago=I him for 10 years.（6）Mr Black去世三年半了。(两种) _/_3.重点句型: It is/ has been+ 一段时间+since从句一段时间+has passed+ since从句Ex: (1) It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=I the book for 5 days. (2) Kitty came to China two months ago.(同义句) _/_ _/_4.(1)have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，现在人不在说话的现场, 一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。 Eg: He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了 (2) have been to和have been in的区别： have(has)beenin意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。have(has)beento意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用, 后面也可接次数，表示去过某地几次:twice ,there timesEg: Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了 How long have they been in China?他们在中国呆了多长时间了？Ex: 用have gone to, have been to和have been in的适当形式填空：1. Where _ you _these days, Lily?2. My father isnt here. He _ Beijing.3. Lucy _ China for three years.4. Where are the boys? They _ the teachers office.5. She _ never _ Hawaii before.6. Tom _ the USA since 2000. 3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较(1)一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同.一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是对现在的影响。(2) 一般过去时与现在完成时的时间状语 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past years等不确定的时间状语。Ex: 1.She （study）English since she was ten. She （begin）to study English when she was ten. 2. Jim isnt here. He （go）to the library. He （go）there an hour ago.3. My father _ (go) to England already. He _ (go) there yesterday.4. A: _ the twins _ (do) their homework yet?B: Yes, they _. They _ (do) it an hour ago.5. The teacher _ (teach) in our school since he _(begin)to work.【当堂检测】1. Tom cant get into the room because he （lost）the key to the door.2. I think this is _(sad) story I _ ever _(hear).3. _ you (know) where your sister _ (go)?4.Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he （be）there ten times.5.When you （buy）the book?I （have）it for two weeks.6. Our maths teacher _(talk) to a boy when I (enter) the room7.So far I _quite a few friends here.(make)8.Jack _(stay)in Beijing for two weeks last summer.9. He has got a book and a pen. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答) _10.I have had the computer since 2006(用in 2006改写)_11.They have studied here since they moved to the city. (对划线部分提问)_12. I have a book.and a pen. (改否定句) _( )13.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you( )14.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A.hasbeenhas gone B.hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent( )15.They_ members of Greener China since they _ to Beijing.A. have become; came B. have joined; have comeC. became; ca