2012年中考英语语法笔记大全练习讲解.doc

九年级英语专项复习导学案（名词）姚村三中 李小芳命题预测：预计2013河南省中招命题可能会从以下几个方面考查名词：1.具体语境中名词的词义理解和辨析。2.可数名词的规则变化和不规则变化。3.名词所有格、不可数名词的数量表示法。预习导学：名词的分类英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .跟踪训练1. I have a lot of _(作业) to do every day.2. His _(裤子) are new, but mine are old.3. It is the best one of the _ (照片) in my family.4. Are they building any _ (图书馆) in the city?5. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)?6. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.7.Are these_ (watch)yours? Yes. 8.You dont look well.Youd bett er go to the_ (doctor) at once.合作探究考点一英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。 名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：一般情况直接在词尾加s。如：map maps, boy boys, horse horses, table tables.s,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, dishdishes, benchbenches.以o结尾的词,变复数时加s或es。如：photophotos, pianopianos, tomatoTomatoes , potato potatoes, heroheroes, NegroNegroes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.中考预测1 .June 1st is _ Day all over the world.A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens2 .September 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it?A. Teachers B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teacher of3 . This is _ news.A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good4 .What _ it is! Lets go swimming.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather5 . They like Chinese _.A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people6 . Lucy and I go to school _ every day.A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses7. Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows8. What are you listening to, Jane? _ or _?A. a music; a news B. music; news C. music; news D. music; a news9 .How many _ and _ are there in your class?A. boy student; girl ones B. girls students; boys onesC. boys student; girl one D. girl students; boy ones考点二可数名词复数的不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man ，woman , tooth ， foot , goose , mouse Frenchman , policeman (German-Germans, Norman-Normans除外) 单复数同形 eg. Chinese , deer fish , sheep Japanese , Swiss 由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor a woman teacher 只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers, glasses, clothes, people, scissors, chopsticks.像public, police, family, team ,group, class, crowd等集体名词一般以单数形式出现，当它们作主语时如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果表示集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。Eg: The police (be) searching for the thieves. .姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。中考预测1.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans2. That bus driver drank two _.A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea3. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _.A. Bobs mother B. Bobs mothers C. mother of Bob D. Bob mothers4. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher.A. Tom and Carl B. Toms and Carls C. Tom and Carls5. There is _ tree in our school.A. a 8-metres-tall B. an-8-metre-tall C. an 8 metres tall6 .In _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.A. few year B. a few years C. few years D. a few years7. Did you hear the _ report?A. police B. policemens C. policemans D. policemens8. We bought _ for my mothers birthday.A. some meats B. some pieces meat C. a piece of meat D. pieces of meats9. Whose is this new desk?-Its _.A. Sue and Jims B. Sue and Jim C. Sues and Jims10. Would you like _ coffee?-No, thanks. Ive drunk two _.A.any; bottles of orange B. little; bottle of orangesC. some; bottles of orange D. a few; bottle of orange11. How many _ do you want?-Two, please.A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs D. kilo of bread考点三不可数名词：物质名词(water, ink, wood, rice等)和抽象名词（peace, love, health, knowledge, English等）都属于不可数名词。不可数名词的数量常用某个量词(piece, bag, glass, cup, drop等)+of来表示。 跟踪训练:两块面包 五滴水 三袋大米 一杯茶 考点四 名词的所有格(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如： a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).（5）s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所)（6） 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)，两人各有各的东西时，用As and Bs 的形式, 如：Lucys and Lilys bedrooms（7）“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)中考预测1. How many _ do you want?-Two, please.A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs D. kilo of bread2. The railway station is two _ from our house.A. hours drive B. hours drive C. hour-drive D. hours drive3. Where are you going, Lucy?-_.A. To my uncle B. To my uncles . C.At my uncle D. At my uncles4. Have you read _?A. a newspaper of todays B. today newspaper C. todays newspaper5. Therere a lot of _ down there, but hardly any _.A. horse; people B. horses; peoples C. cow; people D. sheep; people6. Lucy put a lot of _ in _ of tea. (2000西安)A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cupsC. sugar; the two cups D. sugars; two cups7. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mail. (2000上海)A. some good information B. some good informationsC. good informations D. a good information8. Is this your room?-No, its _ room.(2000广州)A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple9.Would you give me_, please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 考点五名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention；The water in the glass is very cold. 2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.如果表示其所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)6、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)7、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)8、用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)9、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)10、eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right. Neither you nor I am going there.11、表示一段时间、长度、重量或金钱概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time. Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 “a person”,“两个人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”. 应选B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9. 8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示“一杯”因此选C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of . 因此选A。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！ 选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. chi