英文写作必背句形.doc

英文写作必背句型一、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+VThe+more+Adj+S+V,the+more+Adj+S+V（愈.愈.）例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.你愈努力，你愈进步。Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.）例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、enable+Object（受词）+to+V（.使.能够.）例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V（我们绝对不能.）例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。十五、Itistime+S+过去式（该是.的时候了）例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Thosewho（.的人.）例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、Thereisnoonebut（没有人不.）例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege.没有人不渴望上大学。十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不.）例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、It isconceivablethat+句子（可想而知的）Itisobviousthat+句子（明显的）Itisapparentthat+句子（显然的）例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、Thatisthereasonwhy（那就是.的原因）例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.）例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、Itpaysto+V（.是值得的。）例句：Itpaystohelpothers.帮助别人是值得的。二十四、bebasedon（以.为基础）例句：Theprogressoftheesocietyisbasedonharmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）例句：Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、bringhometo+人+事（让.明白.事）例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。二十七、becloselyrelatedto（与.息息相关）例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.做运动与健康息息相关。二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V（养成.的习惯）Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,（因为.）例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!（多么.！）例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!Howimportantathingitistokeepourpromise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不满意）例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon（对.有很大的影响）例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。三十三、dogoodto（对.有益），doharmto（对.有害）例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.读书对心灵有益。Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。三十四、Poseagreatthreatto（对.造成一大威胁）例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest（尽全力去.）例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。六级听力的难点 首先是语速太快。怎么解决？就是要具备相当的听力词汇，多加练习，以提高语速适应性。第二个困难是我们对英美人的发音习惯不太熟悉。首先是你自己的发音，如果你的发音不准，你很有可能把correct听成是collect，把 go bad变质，变坏听成 go to bed上床睡觉，把break the ice, 听成break the eyes。 发音不准有两个原因，一是方言。发音不准的第二个原因是初中高中老师的误导。发音方面的另一个问题是发音技巧不熟悉。如连读、失去爆破加音、省音等现象。六级听力语音练习1易混淆的辅音 f v h feasible vengeance hamper threshold thereafter shorthand garage charity jeopardize feats beads tr dr trunk droop m n massacre notion son song l r loyalty field world reconcile 2连读（前面单词最后一个辅音字母的读音与第二个单词第一个原因字母的读音连起来）far away come on internal affairs good on you seven oclock ten oclock an American an old lady in a hotel on a sunny day half a year here and there lack of nothing a number of sold out for a year3. 加音（为了连读前面单词最后一个元音与第二个单词的第一个元音而加音）I can see it. j Can you see it? j I can do it. w Can you do it? w I saw it myself.w You saw it by yourself?w I did it myself. ei You did it by yourself? ei He got it. ei He didnt get it. ei Ill type it tomorrow. ei I typed it yesterday. ei You cant copy it. j I didnt copy it. j 4. 不完全爆破（发前面的爆破音时只做口形但不送气）a bad cold take care I dont believe it. Good tea a bad boy work too hard look gooda blackboard a handbag a suitcaseI have read the book. Put the book on the desk The rich and the poor. Lets have a good chat. He has made the right choice. Its a very bad joke. Thats a very bad thought. I would like to have one. Let me have a look at it. Good morning, sir. They are mostly teenagers. She came back after midnight. 5. 同化 (一个音受到另一个音影响或与另一个音接触产生第三个音，或这两个音的混合音)Did you go to the flower show? I thought you would come. Did you tell her the news?Im very glad to meet you? Does she like the color? Please show me the way.6. 一些口语中的发音gonna = going to I am gonna get a job.gotta = got to Ive gotta go now. = Ive got to go now. wanna = want to I wanna listen some pops.Scuse me = Excuse me Scuse me, but can I use the phone?Whyd ya = Why did you Whered ya = Where did you Whend ya = When did youHowd ya = How did you Whyd ya come so late, Bob? Howd ya get the job, Bob? Traffic was heavy. I was held up. Through a friend of mine.em = them Do you like the kids? Sure. I love em.短期内如何提高听力的技巧1 广泛地背单词、背词组是一个基础工作2 精听为主，泛听为辅。精听强调词汇、短语和句子结构，强调的是语言本身，就是一个字一个字地往过抠，标点符号都要搞清楚。泛听是抓大意，听重点信息，强调的是内容。泛听不如精听，你这次听不懂的单词和意群，放过去了，下次遇到还是不懂，练习时，一句一个暂停，把它听写下来，听3、5遍后，发现有实在听不懂的，马上看原文，但看过后应反复听，对听力而言，反复听已听懂的要比听听不懂的重要的多，效果也好很多。3 朗读与跟读使用过的材料，主要是纠音，并熟悉语调，记清楚听力中的问题词汇和短语4 看原版电影 可以的 盖住字幕 找那种对白多一点的电影 老是打斗场面 没多大效果5 听歌曲 发音技巧比较多一些 但要提防里面的broken grammar 题型分类小对话、段落理解、听写填空、复合式听写考试出题，每次任选两种，各10分，但主要为12（18/20）和14（2/20）组合，两个趋势：听力最低分，总分加大到30分，增加主观题的比重，加强听说能力，故要警惕听写题型。六级听力必背场景词汇（四大场景：图书馆、大学、餐馆、医院）图书馆场景：周刊 periodical 最近一刊 latest issue 学术类期刊 journal 外借 let out 仅限馆内阅读 put on reserve 到期 due 过期 overdue 付罚款 pay a fine 图书管理员 librarian 索书条 call slip 图书目录 catalog 续借 renew书库stack 开架选书 open-shelf大学场景：本科生 undergraduate 全体教职员工faculty导师tutor 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course学分credits 小论文 essay 学位论文dissertation 学期报告term paper 最终期限deadline 延期 extension期末考试finals 期中考试 mid-term 小测验 quiz ace考得很好的博士学位 doctorate 学费 tuition fee 助学金 fellowship 奖学金scholarship餐馆场景：酒馆、客栈 pub 汽车旅馆motel （乡村或公路边上的）旅馆 inn 甜食dessert 软饮料 soft drink 色拉salad 葡萄酒 wine 三明治 sandwich 派 pie 威士忌 whisky 账单bill 小费tip 付账单 pay the bill 这饭菜不错worth the money 各付各的账Lets split it 这次我请客 This is my treat go Dutch AA制医院场景：外科医生surgeon 内科医生 physician 药片 tablet 处方 prescription 手术 operation 骨折 fracture 流感 flu 心脏病 heart attack 昏迷 faint嗓子痛 sore throat 高血压 high blood pressure 特护病房ICU (intensive care unit) 探视时间visiting hours 急救病房 emergency rooms银行场景：账户 account 存折bank book 开户open an account 信用卡 credit card 存款deposit 透支overdraw 自动提款机 ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)利率interest rate 支票户头 check account 银行职员bank clerk 将支票兑换成现金cash the check旅馆场景：无空房(be)booked up 客房服务 room service 登记入住手续 check in 结账check out单/双人间single/double room 订房 reserve 行李员 porter 登记员 register 前台 front desk 前台服务 reception邮局场景：快递服务 EMS （Express Mail Service） 航空邮件air mail 邮资 postage小包裹package/parcel 超重 overweight 发电报 send a telegram挂号信 registered letter 明信片 postcard 加急电报urgent cable 机场/车站场景：航班flight 登机 board 着陆land 安检登记 check in晚/准点到达 behind/on schedule 飞机票价格airfare 飞机离开departure 月台platform 加油站 gas station 汽车修理处garage打电话场景：接线员operator 线路繁忙The line is busy 长途电话 long distance call对方付费电话 collect callCan you put me through to this number? 请接 Your call has been put through.你的电话接通了put sb. on 让某人接电话租房场景：租契lease 漏水 leak 铺屋顶的公司 roofing company 停(水、电、气)cut off 黑的伸手不见五指blackout 搬家公司 moving company零星小场景：This shoe shop is having a special/big sale this week. 大甩卖 on sale大甩卖 brand 品牌 bargain便宜货 counter 柜台 barbers 理发馆 have a haircut/have ones hair cut 理发 发型 hairstyle 美发师 hairdresser刮胡子 shave 络腮胡whiskers 下巴上的胡子moustache 嘴唇上的胡子 beard 香波 shampoo六级听力重要短语补充(60个)accompany while sing a fraction of The students were all ears in the professors class. Which position appeals to you most?asas: as fit as a fiddle by and large at a loss beside oneselfbreak out in a rash for the time being be fed up withbend on /doing chase the rainbows come in contact withbe concerned with cut down on die outdrop in/by drop out of school fall flatgo about have the final say hold out for in the heat of the day / in the dead of nightbe in the mood to do /be not in the mood to do/in a good mood/in the mood forlay off take for regardless ofremove from rule out set ones mind on doing slip ones mind somewhere around take ones placeThe reverse is also true. be under the weather without failgood-for-nothing have done withhit the ceiling let alone a phone call awayIt is all very well to say/do that butburn the midnight oil/get a smell of the midnight oilburn a hole in ones pocket/spend money like wateranything but pat on the back see eye to eye with keep an eye on fall back on fool aroundHow much did the car cost? It cost me an arm and a leg.in the air/on air take after serve rightdeserves it. in shape/out of shape take ones chancemake a difference/not make a difference draw to a close学听力有四个阶段第一是词的读音和词的意思对应起来的阶段。因为我们阅读，是把词形和词义建立起一种联系。而在听力的过程中，我们需要知道哪个读音代表的是什么意思。这就要求我们在记单词的过程中，就要眼、耳、口、舌、心并到。最好买那种有例句配磁带的词汇书，耳朵里塞着耳机，嘴里跟着念念有词，眼睛盯着这个词，建立起一种音、形、义的联系。读音不准的同学一定要在纠音上下功夫。因为如果你读错，你很可能会听错。Correct 会听成collect, pollution 会听成illusion。自己把自己读的东西录成磁带，自己听听，或者找英语老师听听。实在纠正不过来的同学，也不要紧，那你必须记住，人家词带上的question, 你老读成question（琴），人家的pollution, 你读pollution(音)。要我这种纠错意识。像听写那样的题你就可以搞定。第二、第三个阶段是你听懂每个词，你仍然可能听不懂一个短语、一个句子。这里面有两个原因，一个是这个短语你不知道意思。比如Beat around the bush，你听清楚了每一个单词，知道它是beat around the bush, 但你不知道它是什么意思。其实它的意思和在灌木丛的周围打相距甚远。拐弯抹角，模棱两可，含含糊糊，遮遮掩掩，闪烁其辞，欲道还羞。还有一个原因是英美人的发音技巧你不熟悉。比如an ounce of sugar, pots and pots of flowers, break it up not at all等，这是连读。还有失去爆破，省音、同化等现象，比如bread and butter。我们跟老外打招呼，吃了么？老外不懂，因为这里面有连读，没有连读成么，一个字一个字地说，吃了没有？聪明点的老外能懂，笨一点的还不懂，你就说have you eaten?看他懂不懂？既然来中国了，就要学中国人的打招呼的方式。第四个阶段, 你怎么听一句一句的话连起来的一个passage。这是最难的，这与你的阅读理解能力紧密相关，因为你听的过程，是只是就是一种用耳朵在读的过程。平时要加大训练，我觉得要以精听为主，泛听为辅。精听就是要仔仔细细地听，连每个标点符号都听清楚。跟着精听做大量的听写练习，如果你能把新概念3上的60 个passages都听写完，你的六级听力绝对能过听力的小对话题型分类大致可以分为十三类。数字价格运算和时间加减运算，可以说是数字题，做题时注意，听到的数字一定不是答案，因为这类数字题，不但要考你辨音，而且要求你运算，不但要辨，而且要算。说到了手表，这只手表一定不准。数字价格运算选项均为数字计量单位，提问一般为：a How much does something cost？b How much should one pay for something？e.g. M: When I am 65, I will retire from my position.W: Oh, there are three years to go.Q: how old is the man now?技巧：出现的不是答案，必须经过加减乘除运算，以乘法最多，无开方平方等。做笔记 怎么做笔记？听一个例子：Test 7 P34 Ill have these shoes. Please tell me how much I owe you.They are $40 a pair and three pairs make a total of $120. But today we offer a 10% discount.Q: How much does the man have to pay?时间加减运算选项为时间，几点几分，提问为：c when will something leave？d When will somebody arrive？e What time is it now？e.g. M: My watch is 8 oclock sharp. Is it right? W: I dont think so. My watch is 8: 10. But it is three minutes faster. Q: what is the time now?技巧：提到了手表，这只表一定是不准的，所以要注意表的快慢问题，注意一些时间单位的换算 a quarter to/past/after 10? 1：58 to 22：22 快用减法，慢用加法，出现频率不高 下来是人物职业，人物关系，地点题，人物动作题，我把它们归为一类，叫场景题，因为这三类题的答案都可以通过相关的场景词汇判断出来。比如：what can I do for you? Give me a couple of coffee and the special today。问：where does this conversation most likely take place?肯定是在餐馆吧！换一种问法：what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?那肯定是waitress and customer。因为有那么多的场景词在暗示着你。第7种叫：中but 题型，就是中间有个but, 你注意重点是but后面的东西。或听懂了but前的东西，否定掉。但注意一般but弱读。但第8种与此相反,叫中心思想题。重点在第一个人的话上。比如：女问：are you married? 男：no. But I have a big house in the suburbs, I have two cars, I raise three dogs and I live with my mother. Q: what are they talking about? A: life in the suburbs B: how to raise dogs C: family relationship D: marital status。第9中细节列举题，M: Hello, this is Tom Davis. Id like to have an appointment with Mrs. Jones. Could you tell me her schedule? W: I am afraid you cannot see her now. She has gone to New York for a 7 day conference. And on her way back, shell be staying in California for 4 days and she will be back the day after tomorrow. Q: where is Mrs. Jones now? 细节题一定要记笔记。第十种意义解释题，比较麻烦：难解的语法：Did you watch the game last night? I wouldnt have missed it for anything. 难解的词组：what do you think of Tom? Well, I dont think much of him. He is just a stuffed shirt. A: 穿衣不讲究，随便B总穿同一个牌子的衬衫C.衬衫里总是塞满了东西d: 非常傲慢这种方法选出来的，千万不能检查，直觉。11种：建议题 注意听why not why dont you youd better I suggest的内容12种：态度题 what do you think of How do you find注意听第二个人的话13弦外之音题英语写作常见错误与分析一 不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等例 When one have money ,he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致改为：Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)二 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解例 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末三 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例 There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.四 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例 To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚改为：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.五 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等例 None can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of money.六 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。例 There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world八 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例 The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九 累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.例 For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以