美国历史之殖民地法案(2).docx

环宇鸿泽GIC留学，帮助普通孩子实现常青藤梦想！难得的好天气，不能辜负内心的世界，今天每一刻付出的汗水，都会铸就明天。明天是什么？成功还是失败，这些其实在每天都努力的人来看，不怎么重要。毕竟，成功还是失败都是别人眼里的，而你，会特别在意自己今天此刻的提升。或许，这就是卓越的不二法门；或许，你的努力成了习惯之后，别人的评价和定义会越来越不重要。昨天开了小会。GIC的每个老师都是精益求精和执着认真的代表。他们会严格遵守时间，都会早到；他们会专注在学生每一个学习习惯的培养上，比如：记笔记的格式，对某个单词的理解；他们会不问吃喝的时间，全力投入在工作的每一秒；他们会即时把工作报告写出来，交上来，即时，那一刻已经是午夜。GIC的每个人，每天都会感动着彼此，激励着彼此，是不是成功，不重要；重要的是当下的这一刻，我们拼尽全力。今天美历选在中午，希望大家的午饭有我们陪伴。美历前，特别推荐最近GIC每个人都在做的：自控力的训练。众所周知，走神儿，是每个人都有的毛病；分严重程度，轻度的叫做白日梦，适度练习，帮助自己实现长期目标；重度的就比较中毒，生活不能自理。你去想想，谁愿意和老走神儿的交往啊。隆重推出里面提到的一个小练习，大家可以尝试哦。1. 原地不动，安静坐好2. 注意你的呼吸3. 感受呼吸，弄清是怎么走神儿的先每天5分钟，能坚持就每天10-15分钟（版权所有归上面图片里的书，推荐大家买来阅读）祝大家一天好心情哦！1. Declaratory Act宣示法案When the Stamp act was repealed in 1766, it was replaced by this act, which maintained the right of the Crown to tax the colonies in the future.这条发布于1766年的法案废除了印花税法，但它使英王仍保有在将来对殖民地征税的权利。2. Townsend Acts唐森德法案These acts, passed in 1767, brought harsh taxes on goods such as glass, paper, and tea. In addition, a board of customs officials was appointed to enforce writs of assistance that allowed a search of colonial homes, businesses, and warehouses for smuggled goods without a warrant. While the colonists felt that any increase in taxes signaled an abuse of Parliament, they were slow to react to these duties as they were external, rather than internal, taxes. Eventually, boycotts of British goods began. Wishing to avoid economic troubles, Prime Minister Lord North repealed these acts in 1770.唐森德法案于1767年通过。该法案对玻璃，纸张，茶叶等商品课以重税。一大波海关官员还来加强援助令状的实行情况。该令状允许英国人在未获得搜查令的情况下搜查殖民者的房间，生意，仓库等是否有走私产品。另一方面，虽然殖民者认为任何增税行为都是英国议会的暴行，但他们对唐森德法案中的一系列增税反应迟钝。究其原因，这些税属于外部税，而不是内部税。然而最终不买英国货的行动还是开始了。为了避免经济问题，首相诺尔斯勋爵于1770年废除了这些法案。3. Massachusetts Circular Letter麻萨诸塞州的通知信This letter, written by Samuel Adams in 1768, explained that there was no distinction between external and internal taxes, and that the Townsend Acts must be immediately repealed. The letter was copied and distributed throughout the colonies, sparking the rejuvenation of boycotts of British goods.塞缪尔亚当斯于1768年写的这封信解释道外部税和内部税没有区别，唐森德法案必须立即被废除。这封信在殖民地被广泛复制流传，重新点燃了对英国货物的抗议。4. Tea Act茶叶法This act, passed in 1773, actually lowered the price of tea. However, colonists were wary at any attempt by Britain to collect revenue and refused to purchase the tea.茶叶法于1773年通过。这条法案实际上降低了茶叶的价格，然而殖民者意识到英国企图通过这条法案收税获益，因而拒绝购买茶叶。5. Coercive Acts强制法案These acts, passed in 1773, closed Boston Harbor until the tea ruined during the Boston Tea Party was paid for, and it also revoked the charter of the colony of Massachusetts. This put the colony under the control of the Crown and expanded the scope of the Quartering Act, which allowed soldiers to be boarded in private homes.1773年通过的强制法案要求波士顿港湾在倾茶事件赔款偿付之前停摆。强制法案还撤回了麻萨诸塞殖民地宪章，这样麻萨诸塞就处于英王的直接统治之下。该法案