高中英语 Unit 5 First aid期末知识梳理 新人教版必修5.doc

人教新课标版高二必修五unit 5 first aid期末知识梳理一、训练导入i.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.injury 2.cupboard 3.skin 4.poison 5.liquid 6.mild 7.basin 8.symptom 9.pour 10.tight 11.throat 12.bravery 13.treat 14.apply 15.pressure ii.核心短语1electric_触电，电休克2over and over_反复；多次3a_of 若干，许多4carry_进行；开展5protect_保护以免受侵害6fall_生病7squeeze_榨出；挤出8_place 在适当的位子；适当9_ones hands on 找到10_the pressure of 在压力下二、知识精讲i.重点词汇 1. aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助典例 1) they aided flood victims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。2) they aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。3) a dictionary is an important aid for many language learners.字典对于许多语言学习者来说是个很重要的工具。重点用法do/give/offer first aid进行急救aid sb. in (doing) sth.在方面帮助某人in aid of为了援助;作为援助之用with the aid of借助于, 通过.的帮助call in sbs aid请某人援助2. tissue n.u(生理)组织; c纸巾,手巾纸典例 the muscular tissue肌肉组织a box of tissues 一盒纸巾her whole story was a tissue of lies.她的整个故事是一套谎言。3. squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨典例 squeeze juice from an orange榨桔子汁squeeze oneself into a crowded bus挤入拥挤的公共汽车squeeze through the crowd挤过人群4. present 1) vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现 2) n.赠品, 礼物, 现在 3) adj.现在的, 出席的, 当面的典例 1) a series of famous plays will be present during the spring festival.春节期间将上演一系列好戏。2) thirty guests were present at the ceremony. 有三十位客人出席这次典礼3) the guests present were very satisfied with the atmosphere of the party.到场的宾客都对晚会的气氛表示满意。4) presents will be sent for customers along with the electrical appliance.买家电付送礼物。重点用法present sth. to sb.把送给present sb. with sth.为某人颁发at present/at the present time现在,此刻for the present目前,暂时represent vt.表现, 描绘, 声称, 象征, 扮演, 再赠送, 再上演representation n. 表示法, 表现, 陈述,扮演representative n. 代表adj.典型的, 有代表性的5. authentic adj.真实的；真正的；可信的典例 authentic news可靠的消息an authentic signature真实手迹签字authentic document真实的文件ii.重点词组 1fall ill生病(get ill, become ill)典例the rescue team worked day and night and many people fell ill at last.救援队伍不分白天黑夜地工作，结果许多人病倒了。the giant panda became ill because of the strange climate.由于奇异的气候，这只大熊猫病了。短语归纳fall为系动词,构成系表结构fall asleep 入睡 fall silent安静下来get injured受伤 get married结婚 get dressed 穿衣2. in place在适当的位置, 适当典例1) i like to have everything in place.我喜欢所有的东西都摆好。2) i thin its not quite in place to visit him at the moment.我觉得这个时候去看望他不妥当。短语归纳out of place不在适当的位置, 不合适in place of代替take the place of代替,取代3. put ones hands on找到，得到某物典例1）after days of searching, he finally put his hands on his dying wife under the stones.经过多天寻找，他终于在乱石下找到了他的奄奄一息的妻子。2）in the dark night, he eventually put his hands on his glasses.在黑暗中，他终于摸到了他的眼镜。短语归纳lay/get ones hand on找到，得到某物4. make a difference (1)有很大差别, 有很大 不同 (2) 有很大的关系影响典例1) whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。2) does it any difference whether hell attend the meeting?他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？短语归纳make a difference betweenand区别对待make some difference to对.有些关系make no difference to对.有些没有关系make all the difference关系重大, 大不相同iii.重点句型 1. there is no doubt that johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved ms.slades life. 毫无疑问,正是约翰快捷的动作和他在中学所学的急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命.解释 there is no doubt that毫无疑问 there is some doubt whether是否,还有些疑问2) there is no doubt that the evidence available is favorable for us.2. do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。解释 “get+过去分词”表被动典例1) in china, most workers get paid by month.在中国，大部分工人按月领公司。2) so, as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.因此，如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，就会变得非常的严重。三、语法突破省略句1.省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段2.凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句.省略的分类1.语篇省略和情景省略 有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分，这种省略叫做语篇省略。如：shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world,if not the largest (city).上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。2.情景省略有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分，但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。如：(i am) glad to see you.见到你真高兴。3. 简单句、并列句和复合句的省略分类说明举例简单句的省略不定式的省略a:will you join us?你要同我们一道去吗？b:i should love to (join you).我愿意。介词的省略we have lived here (for) ten years.我们在这儿已经住了10年了.但是在否定句中,此类for不能省略.如:i havent seen you for three months.我已经三个月没有见到你了。its no use (in) crying.哭也没用在并列句中一般说来，在后一并列句中，凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。my room is on the fifth floor,and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。i came at right but henry (came) at nine.我在八点来,但是亨利在九点来复合句的省略状语从句当状语从的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词。when （the novel is） published,the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。although (he was) hard-working,he couldnt earn enough to support himself.尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。when (the grapes are) ripe,the grapes will be delicious.当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃定语从句如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，这个关系代词可以省略。here is the man (whom) youve been looking for.这位就是你一直在找的人。hes the man (who/that) you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。there are many plays (that) id like to see.有很多话剧我想看复合句的省略宾语从句引导宾语从句的that 之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that 后面的宾语从句较长时，that 不能省略。i hope (that) youll be fine soon.我希望你尽快康复。now scientists warn that if not under control,the unseen energy waves,“electric smog”, may be hazardous to our health.现在科学家警告说,有一种肉眼看不到的能波,即“电子烟尘”,如果不加以控制,可能危害人类的健康。主语从句有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。a:you all like the story？你们都喜欢这个故事？b:yes,except that the conclusion is too long.是的,只是结尾太仓促.【考题印证】1.(2012安徽卷)30.when for his views about his teaching job, philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. a. asking b. asked c. having asked d. to be asked【解析】b。考查非谓语动词。动词 ask 和主语 philip 之间是被动关系，而且此动作已经完成， 所以选 b 项 asked。when asked=when he was asked。句意：当被问到对教学这个工作怎么看待时，菲利普说他觉得这项工作又有趣又值得。2.（2012上海春招）once_, jo devoted her life to looking after children and being a full-time homemaker.a. having married b. being married c. marrying d. married【解析】d.考查非谓语动词的用法。此处相当于once he was married。3.（2011江苏卷）it sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. , wed better take it to the garage immediately.a otherwiseb if notc but for thatd if so【解析】d。考查省略和替代。题干前半句说“听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了”，后面句说“我们最好立刻去修理厂”，通过简单判断可知，这两个句子之间是顺承的关系，所以应该是“如果真的这样的话(发动机坏了)”。因此选择“if so”如果这样的话”，so代替前面句子中提到的情况。【真题体验】1.（2012上海卷-33）when peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. a. thinking of b. to think of c. thought of d. think of .2.（2012陕西卷-2）if he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. a. meets b. meeting c. meet d. to meet3.（2012全国大纲i卷/新课标卷-32）film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting. a. having compared to b. comparing toc. compare to d. compared to4.（2010全国卷）though _to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.a. surprising b. as surprised c. surprised d being surprised5.(2010湖南湘潭期末联考)i hope he wont get ill during the examinations._. he has been very well recently.acertainly bno cnot dyes6.he is only too ready to help others, seldom，_， refusing them when they turn to him. aif never bif ever cif not dif any7.（2012顺义素质展示）though _ of danger, sightseers have been flocking to the site where the worlds biggest terrorist bin laden lived. a. warned b. warning c. being warned d. having warned 【答案解析】.1.【解析】a。考查固定搭配：have trouble (in) doing sth.。句意为：当彼得在公共场合讲话时，他总是很难找到恰当的措辞。2.【解析】d。考查but接不定式的用法。句意是：如果他从事这项工作，他将会别无选择面临更大的挑战。在含介词but的句型中，but前有do的任何形式，则but后的不定式不能带to；相反，but前若找不到do的各种形式，则but后的不定式必定带to.例如：i have no choice but to accept the fact.我别无选择，只好接受这个事实。故选d。3.【解析】d。考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。此处可认为是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting从句省略it is而成的“连词+分词”结构；句子主语film与compare存在被动关系，故用过去分词compared。4.【解析】c。省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：though he was surprised, 主语一致, 省略主语和系动词。5.【解析】b。本题中的否定回答用no，而不是not，此题回答是省略的，完整形式为“no, he wont.”6.【解析】b。此处seldom，if ever 是if there is ever 的省略形式，there is ever“如果有也是少见的；几乎从来不”。7.【解析】a。考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然被警告有危险，但观光者直涌向世界上最大的恐怖分子本拉登居住的地方。前半句是“though they are warned of danger”的省略形式sightseers与warn之间是被动关系。四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1. fruit juice can be harmful _ childrens teeth. a. for b. toward c. with d. to2. sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is _. a. unique b. essential c. natural d. adequate3. the fellow felt rather _ as he was the only person that wore sportswear at the party. a. in place b. out of place c. by the way d. in the way4. the foreign teacher mr. halt has a strange way of writing. heres a notice from him, but no clear_ of what he has written can be made at all. a. explanation b. meaning c. sense d. idea5. something must be done to prevent factories sending out poisonous gases so as to keep the city _.a polluting b. from polluting c. pollute d. from being polluted6. the flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d to be smelt7. as we joined the big crowd i got _ from my friendsaseparated bspared clost dmissed8. iwasleaving_ severalgirls cameuptome. a. while b. when c. as d. since9. a small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. a. once b. because c. if d. unless10. when _ help, one often says “thank you.” or “its kind of you”. a. offering b. to offer c. to be offered d. offered11. i wont do it any more. - _? a. why dont b. why dont do it any more c. why not d. why not to12. although _ to stop, he kept on working. a. tell b. telling c. having told d. told13. will you waste your time and money on that? - certainly _. a. i not b. dont c. not d. no14. mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? - yes, she _. a. attended b. didnt attend c. didnt d. did15. whats joan doing? _ newspapers in the room. a. she reading b. she reads c. to read d. reading第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。after 42-year-old guy tom had quitted his job, he began to make up his mind to become a freelance (self-employed) writer, no one could tell for sure whether he would succeed or nothe found a cold storage room in a building, set up a(n) 1 typewriter and settled down to work after a year or so, however, tom began to 2 himselfhe found it was difficult to earn his living by 3 what he wrotebut tom determined to put his dream to the test 4 it meant living with uncertainty and fear of 5 this is the shadowland of hope, and 6 with a dream must learn to live there one day tom got a call, “we need a(n) 7 , and were paying $6,000 a year” $6,000 was 8 money in 1960it would enable tom to get a nice apartment, a used car and more 9 , he could write on the side 10 the dollars were dancing in toms head, something 11 his senseshe had dreamed of being a 12 full time“thanks, but no,” tom said 13 “im going to stick it out and write” after tom got off the phone, he 14 everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 centstom put the cans and cents into a 15 bag, saying to himself, “theres everything youve made of yourself so far”finally his work was 16 in 1970instantly he had the kind of fame and success that 17 writers ever experiencethe shadows had turned into limelightthen one day, tom 18 a box filled with things he had owned years before 19 was a paper bag with two cans and 18 centssuddenly he 20 himself working in that cold storage roomit reminds tom, and anyone with a dream, of the courage and persistence it takes to stay the course in the shadowland1aexcellentbusedcexpensivedpriceless2aregretbhatecdoubtdtrust3asellingbbuyingcreadingdappreciating4anow thatbwhat ifcas ifdeven though 5asuccessbfailurecperspiration dloss6asomeonebnonecnobodydanyone 7abossbassistantcmanagerdwriter8afalseblittlecrealdhigh9ahoweverbstillcbesidesdtherefore10aasbbutcifdbecause 11ahurtbdestroyedccleared dstruck12adriverbassistantcwriterddancer13ahesitantlybfirmlycslowlydhurriedly14apulled outbpulled apartcpulled backdpulled down15aclothbmetalcplasticdpaper 16awrittenbpublishedccompleteddpunished17afewbgreatcfamousdpoor 18asoughtbsearchedcfounddpicked39aabovebbelowcoutsidedinside 20acalledbpicturedcdescribeddreminded第三节 阅读理解 agoldies secretshe turned up at the doorstep of my house in cornwall. no way could i have sent her away. no way, not me anyway. maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. were moving house.; no space for her any more with the baby coming. we never really wanted her, but what could we have done? she was a present. people find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. and she was one of the most beautiful dogs i had ever seen.i called her goldie. if i had known what was going to happen i would have given her a more creative name. she was so unsettled during those first few days. she hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. there was nothing i could do to make her happy, it seemed. heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owners. but eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. always by my side, whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.thats why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. we were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very restless. eventually i couldnt hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.by the time i reached the farm i was very tired and upset with goldie. but when i saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) i started to feel sympathy towards them. we didnt know what had happened to her, said the woman at the door. i took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared. she must have tried to come back to them and got lost, added a boy from behind her.i must admit i do miss goldie, but ive got nugget now, and she looks just like her mother. and ive learnt a good lesson: not to judge people.1. how did the author feel about goldie when goldie came to the house?a. shocked. b. sympathetic. c. annoyed. d. upset.2. in her first few days at the authors house, goldie _.a. felt worried b. was angry c. ate a little d. sat by the fire3. goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day because she _.a. saw her puppies b. heard familiar barkingc. wanted to leave the author d. found her way to her old home4. the passage is organized in order of _.a. time b. effectiveness c. importance d. complexitybopen letter to an editori had an interesting conversation with a reporter recently - one who works for you. in fact, hes one of your best reporters. he wants to leave.your reporter gave me a copy of his resume(简历) and photocopies of six stories that he wrote for you. the headlines showed you played them proudly. with great enthusiasm, he talked about how he finds issues(问题), approaches them, and writes about them, which tells me he is one of your best. im sure you would hate to lose him. surprisingly, your reporter is not unhappy. in fact, he told me he really likes his job. he has a great assignment (分工), and said you run a great paper. it would be easy for you to keep him, he said. he knows that the paper values him. he appreciates the responsibility youve given him, takes ownership of his profession, and enjoys his freedom.so why is he looking for a way out?he talked to me because he wants his editors t