Unit 4 Global warming单词和句型重点总结.doc

Unit 4 Global warming全球变暖一、词汇1.come about发生；造成注意：（1）come about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，常指情况不受人控制的突然发生。有时用it作形式主语，that从句作真正主语。（2） 表示“发生”的词或短语有：happen,occur,take place,break out,都是不及物动词或短语，都没有被动语态。come out（花）开；出版；发行；显露come up走近；长出；发芽；被提出；发生come up with赶上；提出come across被理解；偶然碰见；无意中找到come along出现；进展；跟着来come on得啦；快点come to总计；达到；恢复知觉when it comes to涉及；谈到 Many a quarrel comes about through a misunderstanding. The moon came out from behind the clouds. Ill let you know if anything comes up. Ill come over and see how you are coming along. I came across an old friend yesterday. When she came to, she couldnt recognize the surroundings.2.subscribe to同意；赞成；订购(1)subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.（签署）文件；捐助subscribeto在上签署；向捐(2) subscription n.订阅费；捐赠款 I subscribe to your suggestion. Which magazine do you subscribe to? He subscribed his name to the paper（文件）. He subscribed a large sum to the poor students.3.quantity n.量；数量in quantity 在数量上；大量地in large quantities 大量地（常修饰动词）a (large) quantity of+不可数名词（谓语用单数） 可数名词（谓语用复数）large quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数（谓语都用复数） Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity / in large quantities. A large quantity of silk is sold in Japan. A large quantity of drugs are found in his home. Large quantities of rain are needed in this area.4.tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理(1) tend to do sth.常常会做某事；趋向于做某事 tend to / towards sth.趋于；倾向于tend (to) sb. / sth.(=look after sb./ sth.)照顾；护理(2) tendency n.倾向；偏好 have a tendency to do sth.往往会做某事 He tends to get angry when others disagree with her. His views tend towards the extreme（极端）. He was tending (to) his son when I saw him in the hospital. Jane is nice but has a tendency to talk too much. =Jane is nice but she tends to talk too much.5.go up上升；增长；升起；被建造go up by上升了 go up to上升到go down下降；降低；（船）下沉go in for从事；致力；爱好；追求go without没有也行；将就go over复习；查看go through通过；经历苦难；浏览 The price of the new house in our area has gone up by 1,000 yuan per square meter（平方米）。That is（也就是说）it has gone up to 5,000 yuan per square meter. The wind has gone down a little. The country has gone through too many wars. We all go in for winter sports. New buildings are going up everywhere. We have no beer left, so you have to go without it. The actor had to go over his lines（台词） many times before he got them right.6.result in 导致同义词汇：cause, lead to, contribute to, bring about, give rise to(1) result from由引起(2) as a result of作为的结果；由于as a result结果 His illness resulted from bad food. He was late as a result of the snow. As a result, he had to leave. The drivers careless driving resulted in the death of five passengers（乘客）.7.be opposed to反对(to为介词)同义词汇：be against, object to;反义词汇：support, subscribe to, be for, approve ofoppose vt.反对；反抗；与较量oppose (doing) sth.反对（做）某事be opposed to (doing) sth.反对 Most of the students oppose having classes on Sunday. Most people are opposed to smoking in the public places. I am strongly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.8.consequence n.结果；后果；影响in consequence of/as a consequence of(=as a result of)作为的结果in consequence/as a consequence(as a result)结果是；因而take the consequences为（自己行为的、行动的）结果负责consequent adj.随之发生的；由引起的consequently adv.所以；因而 Iraq（伊拉克）is still in a state of unrest(动乱) in consequence/ as a consequence of the Gulf war（海湾战争）. I overslept（睡过头）, and in consequence/ as a consequence I was late for work. Consequently, there is a strong possibility that life can arise（出现） on other planets（星球）.9.state vt.陈述；说明；阐明；声明 n.状态；状况vt.陈述；说明；阐明；声明(1) state +n. / that从句/ wh-从句 声明；说明It is stated that据宣布/据称/据说(2) statement n.陈述；说明make a statement 作陈述；发表声明joint statement 联合声明n.状态；状况；国家；州in a(n)state/ in state of处于的状态 He stated that he had never seen the man. It is stated that more than 30 people were killed in the accident. A government spokesperson（发言人）made a statement to the press（新闻界）. She is in a state of poor health, which worried her parents much. She was in a terrible state when we arrived.10.range n.种类；范围 v.排列变化(1) a wide range of一系列/各种in / within range (of sth.)在射程以内；在范围内out of / beyond range (of sth.)在射程以外；在范围以外out of / beyond ones range某人能力达不到ranges of一排排；多种range fromto/range betweenand在范围内变动；从到不等 Students have a wide range of interests. The animal is still out of/beyond (in/within) range of my gun. The price of the house is within our range. The library has ranges of books. The children s ages range from 8 to 15(range between 8 and 15).11.keep on(doing) sth.继续keep sb. doing sth.使某人处在某状态中keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep back （使）后退；忍住；隐瞒keep off（使）让开；（使）不接近keep out挡住；使不进去keep to遵守；坚持keep up维持；保持keep up with跟上；赶上 When the teacher came in, they still kept on talking. Nothing can keep him from carrying out（实施） the plan. The boss kept him working all day. She tried to keep back her tears. Keep your hands off my dress. Close the door to keep the dog out. We sang songs to keep up our spirits when we were marching（行进）.We must keep up with the development of the society.12.glance vi.看一下；扫视 n.一瞥(1) glance at向一瞥（强调动作）glance through / over浏览glance round扫视(2) at first glance/sight乍看一下at a (single) glance（只）看一眼；一眼；立刻take/give a glance (at)看一下 He glanced at the envelope（信封）and recognize his uncles handwriting. He glanced through/over the newspaper. She glanced round the room before she left. At first glance the problem seemed very easy. Can we just take a glance at some of your products（产品）?扩展：表示“看”的短语stare at瞪着眼注视 glare at怒目而视gaze at（长时间无意识）凝视 glimpse at（无意识）瞥见13.on the whole大体上；基本上in general总的来说；大体上as a whole整个来看；总体上；作为一个整体 Our opinions are on the whole the same. I analyzed his words as a whole. In general, our cars are reliable.14.average adj.平均的 n.平均（数）；普通水平an average of 的平均数above/up to/below (the) average高于/达到/低于平均数on (the) average按平均数计算；一般地讲 An average of two students is absent each day. Toms work at school is above (the) average. Though he works hard, his marks（分数）are still below the average. On average, over 8000 people come to Zhouzhuang a day.15.existence n.生存；存在bringinto existence使产生；使形成come into existence开始存在；形成；成立in existence实际存在的；现存的；现有的 The company came into existence in 1918.=The company was brought into existence in 1918. The elephant is the largest land animal （陆上动物）in existence.16.on behalf of代表一方；作为的代言人represent vt.代表（某人、某团体） On behalf of the school I would like to thank you all. He was represented in the court（法庭）by a famous lawyer.17.put up with容忍；忍受put forward提出 put up挂起；张贴；举起；抬起；建造；留宿put away放好；收起来 put aside把放在一边；储存put on穿上；戴上；上演 put in添上；把写进（信函、故事等）put out扑灭；熄灭 put off推迟put down把放下；写下；扑灭；平息 Im not going to put up with their smoking any longer. She washed the cups and put them away. He put up a picture on the wall. She put aside a lot of money for her retirement（退休）. Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget in. Tom decided to put in a new character（人物） in his story.18.so long as只要（1） as / so long as “只要”;还可意为“与一样长，长达”。so long as只能用于否定句，as long as既能用于肯定句，也能用于否定句。（2） 表示“只要”的表达法： on condition that；provided /providing that； suppose / supposing that; only if（在句首，主句倒装） So long as / As long as you have confidence in yourself, youll win. -Our holiday cost a lot of money.-Did it? Well, that doesnt matter as long as you enjoyed yourselves.19.circumstance n.环境；情况under / in the circumstances在这种情况下under no circumstances决不（位于句首，句子用部分倒装） Under / In the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job. Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.20.contribution n.贡献(1) make a contribution / contributions to对作出贡献(2) contribute v.捐助；捐献；投稿contribute to有助于；促进；导致contributeto向捐款；向投稿 The doctor makes a great contribution to the public health. Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. Many people contributed money to the poor child, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote