英语有关地震后经济词汇.doc

震后经济publicconstructionworksinaffectedareas-受灾地区公共建设工程governmentbudget-政府预算bonds-债券legislation-法规、法律；立法financialmarkets-金融市场governmentbudget-政府预算contractors-承包商financereconstruction-为重建融资BusinessContingencyPlans-商业应急方案supplychain-供应链non-essentialneeds可有可无的需求soar-变坏，恶化economiccycle-经济周期showdown-摊牌，最后的决战fiscalyear-财政年度economiccost-经济成本tremor颤动；震动jolt使颠簸，摇晃rock摇，摇动，使振动rollacross波动，起伏，横摇devastate蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭level推倒，夷平flatten夷为平地seismology地震学seismograph地震仪seismographer地震学家aftershock余震smallertremors小地震epicenter震中magnitude震级RichterScale(1-10)里氏震级atascaleof7.8ontheRichtercalculations里氏7.8级地震earthquakemonitoring地震监控rockandmudslides泥石流tsunamiwarningsystem海啸预警系统tidalwaves潮汐波，浪潮wreckage残骸deathtoll死亡人数internationalcontributions国际援助evacuation撤离GeneraltermsJPY-JapaneseYen日元capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定understanding(非正式的)协议holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯（托拉斯是指若干性质相同或互有关联的企业为了独占市场、获取高额利润而组成的垄断组织）cartel卡特尔（由一系列生产类似产品的独立企业所构成的组织，集体行动的生产者,目的是提高该类产品价格和控制其产量。）infrastructure基本建设purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气capital资本initialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金Bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产self-financing自筹经费,经费自给currentaccount经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-accountholder支票帐户(美作:checking-accountholder)cheque支票(美作:check)bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票travellerscheque旅行支票endorsement背书（背书是一个法律术语，指的是在票据上签名，票据所规定之权利由背书人转让给被背书人。）readymoney现钱readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠banknote,note钞票,纸币(美作:bill)domesticcurrency,localcurrency本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可自由兑换货币foreignexchange外汇protectivetariffs保护性关税floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates自由汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机depreciation减价,贬值devaluation(货币)贬值revaluation重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange股票市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation报价,牌价dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券lender，creditor债权人discount贴现,折扣（,贴现是指银行承兑汇票的持票人在汇票到期日前，为了取得资金，贴付一定利息将票据权利转让给银行的票据行为，是银行向持票人融通资金的一种方式）rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴manufacturedgoods,finishedgoods制成品,产成品semifinishedgoods半成品by-product副产品productiveness赢利性overproduction生产过剩overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用socialcharges社会负担费用grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额nationalincome国民收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值fiscalcharges财务税收progressivegraduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查taxexemption免税self-employedhouseholds/people个体户individualincometax个人所得税individualindustrialistsandbusinessman个体工商业者Internaleconomicandtradeorgnization国际经济与贸易组织Japan-ChinaEconomicAssociation日中经济协会AssociationforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,Japan日本国际贸易促进会InternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance国际海洋运输保险协会CustomsCo-operationCouncil,CCC关税合作理事会UnitedNationsTradeandDevelopmentBoard联合国贸易与发展理事会OrganizationforEconomiccooperationandDevelopment,DECD经济合作与开发组织GroupofTen十国集团CommitteeofTwenty(ParisClub)二十国委员会OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries,OPEC石油输出国组织BankingInternationalBankforReconstructionanddevelopment,IBRD国际复兴开发银行InternationalDevelopmentassociation,IDA国际开发协会InternationalMonetaryFoundAgreement国际货币基金协定BankforInternationalSettlements,BIS国际结算银行NationalcityBankofNewYork花旗银行AmericanOrientalBankingCorporation美丰银行AmericanExpressCo.Inc.美国万国宝通银行TheChaseBank大通银行BankofTokyo,Ltd.东京银行HongkongandShanghaiCorporation香港汇丰银行InternationalFinanceCorporation,IFC国际金融公司BankofTokyo-Mitsubishi东京三菱银行adverseselection逆向选择allocationofresources资源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均总成本barrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly双边垄断blisspoint极乐点boundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budgetconstraint预算约束budgetset预算集capitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义changeinquantitydemanded需求量变化changeinquantitysupplied供给量变化collectivebargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋commandeconomy指令经济commodity商品commoditycombination商品组合commoditymarket商品市场commodityspace商品空间complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息constantcostindustry成本不变产业constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumerequilibrium消费者均衡consumeroptimization消费者优化consumersurplus消费者剩余costminimization成本极小化deadweightsloss净损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减demandelasticity需求弹性demandprice需求价格depreciation折旧derivedemand派生需求differentiatedgood差异商品differentiatedoligoply差异寡头diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减divisionoflabour劳动分工duoupoly双头垄断、双寡durablegoods耐用品economicagents经济行为者economicregionofproduction生产的经济区域economicregulation经济调节economyo