外文翻译--机电一体化的现状和发展趋势

1长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计中文译文机电一体化的现状和发展趋势【摘要】：机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果,本文简述了机电一体化技术的基本概要和发展背景。综述了国内外机电一体化技术的现状，分析机电一体化技术的发展趋势。【关键词】：机电一体化 技术 现状 产品 制造技术 发展趋势1绪论现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造。在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶 。2机电一体化概要机电一体化是 在机构 功能、动 功能、信息 理功能和 制功能 电子技术，机械 与电子化设计及 结 所构成的系 的 。机电一体化发展 成为一 体系的 学科， 科学技术的不发展， 的内。其基本特征概currency1为：机电一体化是系 的“发，综 fi机械技术、微电子技术、 动 制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、fl 技术、电 电子技术、技术、信息变技术 及 程技术体技术，”系 功能和化 ， 理 与功能，在功能、 、 能的 现特 功能 ， 使 系 化的系 工程技术。由 产生的功能系 ， 成为一 机电一体化系 机电一体化产品。，“机电一体化” “技术”和“产品” 方 。是，机电一体化技术是基于 述体技术 机 的一综 技术， 不是机械技术、微电子技术 及其 技术的简 、 。 是机电一体化与机械电气所形成的机械电气化在概 的本。机械工程技术 技术发展 机械电气化， fl 机械，其 要功能然是代和 大的体 。是发展 机电一体化 ，其中的微电子 代 机械 的 功能外，能 的功能， 动 、 动 理信息、 动录、 动调节与 制 动诊断与保护。即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，是人的 官与头脑的眼神，具 智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能 的本。3机电一体化的发展状况机电一体化的发展大体 分为3 阶 。20世纪60年代 前为第一阶 ， 一阶 为初级阶 。在 一时期，人们 觉不 觉地利fi电子技术的初步成果 完善机械产品的能。特是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结 ，机电结 的军fi技术，战 转为民fi，对战 经济的恢复 了积极的作fi。那时研制和开发 体 看 于 发状态。由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达 一 水平，机械技术与电子技术的结 不能广泛和深入发展， 经开发的产品 无法大 推2长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计广。20世纪7080年代为第二阶 ， 为蓬勃发展阶 。 一时期，计算机技术、 制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠 了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微 计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物基础。 时期的特是：mechatronics一词首先在日本普遍受，大约 20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内 比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品 了极大发展；国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给 很大的关注和支持。20世纪90年代 期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈 的 阶 ，机电一体化 入深入发展时期。一方 ，光学、通信技术 入了机电一体化，微细工技术 在机电一体化中崭露头脚，现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化 分支；另一方 对机电一体化系 的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都 行了深入研究。同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术领域 的巨大 步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。 研究， 促使机电一体化一步建立完 的基础和 形成完 的科学体系。 国是20世纪80年代初 开始在 方 研究和 fi。国 院成立了机电一体化领导技术 为“863计 ”中。在制 “ ”规 和2010年发展 要时充分了国 关于机电一体化技术的发展动向和由 能 的 。大 院 、研究机构及一 大中 业对 一技术的发展及 fi 了大 的工作，不 了一 成果，与日本先 国 比 当 。4机电一体化的发展趋势机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、 制、计算机、信息学科的交叉综 ， 的发展和 步 促 关技术的发展和 步。 ，机电一体化的 要发展方向 ：4.1智能化智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术发展的一 要发展方向。人工智能在机电一体化建设 的研究日 ，机人与 机的智能化是 要 fi。 所的“智能化”是对机行为的述，是在 制理论的基础 ，currency1人工智能、“学、计算机科学、模学、理学、生理学和fi动 学 fl 、 方法，模人智能，使 具 断推理、 fl、 能 ， ”的 制。然，使机电一体化产品具 与人完 同的智能，是不能的， 是不必要的。是，能、速的微 理使机电一体化产品 级智能 人的分智能， 是完能必要的。4.2模 化模 化是一 要 巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品和生产 ，研制和开发具 机械、电气、动 、的机电一体化产品是一分复是 要的。研制集速、智能调速、电机于一体的动 ，具觉、 理、和 功能的 制， 及能完成 作的机械 。 ，利fi迅速开发 产品，同时 大生产规模。 要制 ， 、的 和。由于利 ， 期很 制 国 国内方 的， 通 建一 大 业 形成。 然，电气产品的化、系化 的 ，无论是对生产机电一体化的 业是对生产机电一体化产品的 业，规模化 给机电一体化 业 的前程。4.3网络化20世纪90年代，计算机技术的 成是网络技术。网络技术的 和 速发展给3长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计科学技术、工业生产、 、军、 人 日 生 都 了巨大的变革。网络 经济、生产成一， 业间的争 化。机电一体化 产品一研制 ，要其功能 ， ，很 。由于网络的普及，基于网络的程 制和 技术方 未 ， 程 制的 设 本 是机电一体化产品。现 和域网技术是 fi电网络化 成大势，利fi 网络(home net) fi电成 计算机为中的计算机集成 电系 (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS)，使人们在 分技术 的 利与 。 ，机电一体化产品无 网络化方向发展。4.4微 化微 化 于20世纪80年代末， 的是机电一体化向微 机和微“领域发展的趋势。国外 其为微电子机械系 MEMS ，泛 几何尺寸不超 1cm3的机电一体化产品， 向微米、纳米级发展。微机电一体化产品体积 、能少、动灵 ，在生物医疗、军、信息方 具 不比的势。微机电一体化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术，微机电一体化产品的工采fi精细工技术，即超精密技术， 包currency1光刻技术和蚀刻技术 。4.5绿色化工业的发达给人们生 了巨大变化。一方 ，物丰富，生 舒适；另一方 ，资源少，生态受 严 污染。于是，人们呼吁保护资源，回归 然。绿色产品概在 呼声 生，绿色化是时代的趋势。绿色产品在其设计、制造、使fi和 毁的生命 程中，符 特 的保护和人健康的要，对生态无害 危害极少，资源利fi率极。 4.6系 化系 化的表现特征之一是系 体系结构 一步采fi开 式和模式化的 结构。系 灵 态， 行任剪裁和 ，同时寻现子系 协调 制和综 管理。表现之二是通信功能的大大强，一般 RS232外， RS485、DCS人格化。未 的机电一体化”注 产品与人的关系，机电一体化的人格化 层含。一层是，机电一体化产品的 使fi对象是人，何机电一体化产品人的智能、情 、人 越 越 要，特是对 fi机人，其层界是人机一体化。另一层是模仿生物机理，研制机电一体花产品。 ，机电一体化产品都是受动物的启发研制 的。5结语综 所述，机电一体化的现不是孤立的， 是科学技术发展的结晶，是社 生产 发展 一 阶 的必然要。当然，与机电一体化 关的技术 很， 且 科学技术的发展，技术 互 的趋势 越 越明 ，机电一体化技术的广阔发展前景 越 越光明。英文文4长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计Integration of machinery present situation and development tendency Abstract : The integration of machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background. Summarized the domestic and foreign in tegrations of machinery technology present situation, the analysis integration of machinery technology development tendency. Key word : Integration of machinery technology present situation product manufacture technological development tendency1. introduction The modern science and technology unceasing development, enormously impelled different discipline intersecting with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation. In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectron technology and the computer technology rapid development and its forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to step into the integration of machinery by the machinery electrification for the characteristic development phase.2. integrations of machinery outlinesThe integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the electron design and software which constitutes always to call.Mechatronics development since has become one has its own system of new disciplines, as science and technology is developing, will be given new content. However, its basic characteristics can be summarized as : electromechanical integration is from the system point of view, the integrated use of machinery technology, electronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensor monitoring technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, Transform information technology and software programming technology, and other technical groups, according to target functional and optimization objectives of the Organization, rational distribution and the distribution of the functional unit, multi-function, high-quality, high reliability, Energy-efficient realization of the significance of specific functions, which makes the whole system optimization of systems engineering technology. And the resulting functional systems, electromechanical integration into a system or electromechanical integration products.Therefore, mechatronics covered technical and product two aspects. However, electromechanical integration technology is based on the above-mentioned groups, organic 5长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计fusion technology an integrated technology, which is not mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, and other new technologies simple combination of patchwork. This is the mechanical and electrical integration and electrical machinery and processing machinery formed by electrification in the fundamental concept of distinction. Mechanical engineering technology purely technical development of electric machinery, the machinery is still traditional, Its main function is still to replace and enlarge the physical. However, the development of electromechanical integration, which the microelectronics devices may replace some mechanical parts of the original function, also given many new functions, such as the automatic detection, automatic processing, automatic record Automatic adjustment and control automatic diagnosis and protection. That is, electromechanical integration products is not only the hands and limbs extended, or the sensations and minds of the eyes, with the characteristics of intelligent mechatronics and mechanical functions in the electrification of the essential difference between.3. Electromechanical integration of development Electromechanical integration, the development can be roughly divided into three stages. 20 1960s before the first stage, the stage called the initial stage. During this period, people unconsciously use of electronic technology in the preliminary results to perfect the performance of mechanical products. Especially during the Second World War, a war to stimulate the machinery and electronic technologies, These electromechanical combination of military technology to civilian use after the war, the post-war economic recovery played a positive role. At that time, research and development on the whole is still in a state of spontaneous. Due to the time of the development of electronic technology has not yet reached a certain level. Mechanical Technology and the integration of electronic technology is still impossible to extensive and in-depth development, and has developed products are not widely promoted. 20 Century 70 80 years for the second stage, known as the flourishing development stage. During this period, computer technology, control technology, communications technology, electromechanical integration of development laid a technological basis. Massive, super-scale integrated circuits and micro-computer rapid development electromechanical integration of the development provided adequate material basis. This period is characterized by : mechatronics first term in Japan is generally acceptable, Some of the 20th century, the late 1980s the world will be more widely accepted； electromechanical integration technologies and products to be a tremendous development； countries have started to electromechanical integration technologies and products give a great deal of concern and support. 20 late 1990s and began electromechanical integration technology to intelligent direction of the new stage, electromechanical integration into the in-depth development period. On one hand, optical, communication technology into the electromechanical integration, microfabrication technology has electromechanical integration, which would take place the first leg, a-mechanical-electrical integration, and micro-electromechanical integration of new branches； on the other hand, electromechanical integration system modeling design, Analysis and Integration, electromechanical integration of disciplines and development trends have conducted in-depth research. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence technology and neural network technology and fiber technology, and other fields made tremendous progress, 6长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计electromechanical integration of technology has opened up a vast world of development. These studies will help further establish mechatronics integrity of the foundation and gradually form a complete scientific system. China is from the 1980s of the 20th century only at the beginning of studies in this respect and application. The State Council has established a leading group electromechanical integration, and the technology as the 863 Program. For the Ninth Five-Year Plan planning and development program in 2010 when full account of international electromechanical integration of technology development trends and the resulting potential impact. Many tertiary education institutions, research institutes and large and medium-sized enterprises in some of this technology development and application done a lot of work, not achieved certain results, but with Japan and other advanced countries still have a considerable gap.4. Electromechanical integration, the development trend Mechatronics combines mechanical, electronic, optical, control, computer, information and other multidisciplinary cross-integrated, its development and progress and to promote reliance on technology related to development and progress. Therefore, electromechanical integration, the main direction of development is as follows :4.1 IntelligentIntelligent 21st century electromechanical integration of technological development an important development direction. Artificial Intelligence in electromechanical integration of builders is receiving increasing attention, CNC machine tools and robots intelligent application is important. Here the intelligent to describe the machinery is in control theory on the basis of absorption artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy math, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics of new ideas, new methods, simulate human intelligence, it is judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision-making ability, in order to get a higher control objectives. Indeed, to make the integrated products is identical with the people on the wisdom, it is impossible, but also unnecessary. However, the high performance, high-speed microprocessors to make the integrated products are endowed with low intelligence or of some smart, it is entirely possible and necessary. 4.2 Modular Modularity is an important and difficult project. Mechanical and electrical integration product lines and numerous manufacturers, research and development interface with the standard mechanical, electrical interface, Dynamic Interface, environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a very complex but very important things. If developed Set slowdown, the smart governor, the electrical characteristics of the power unit with vision, image processing, Identification and location of the functions of the control unit and can be completed various typical-operated mechanical device. Thus, the use of standard cell can quickly develop new products, while also expanding production scale. This requires the development of standards for the various components, modules and interface matching. Due to a conflict of interest, the recent difficult to develop an international or national standards in this regard. But through the formation of some large enterprises have gradually formed. Clearly, the standardization of electrical products and serialization of the benefits can be sure, Whether to production standards electromechanical integration of enterprises or units of production electromechanical integration of enterprise products, scale enterprises 7长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计electromechanical integration will bring about a better future. 4.3 Network90s of the 20th century, computer technology is an outstanding achievement in networking technology. Network Technology and the rise to the rapid development of science and technology, industrial production, political, military, Education act everyday life are what people have brought tremendous changes. Various networks to the global economy, as a production company, and inter-enterprise competition will globalization. Electromechanical integration of new products once developed, as long as their unique functional, reliable, and will soon be sold all over the world. Due to the popularity of the network, the network-based remote control and monitoring technology is ascendant. and the remote control terminal equipment itself is mechatronics products. Fieldbus and LAN technology is the network of household appliances has become the trend, use home network (home net) will be linked into various household appliances to computers at the center of computer integrated home appliances system (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS), so that people at home sharing the various high-tech facilities and happiness. Therefore, electromechanical integration, network products undoubtedly towards the direction of development. 4.4 miniaturization Miniature rise in the 20th century the end of the 1980s, refers to the integration of micro-electromechanical machines and the micro trend of development. Foreign known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), refers to the geometric size of more than 1 cm3 of mechatronics products, and Micron, nano-level development. MEMS integration products small size, less consumption, exercise flexibility in biological medical, military, , and other aspects of information due to the advantages. Micro-electro-mechanical integration is the bottleneck MEMS technology, micro-electromechanical integration products are processed using sophisticated processing technologies. that the ultra-sophisticated technology, including lithography and etching techniques two. 4.5 Green Industry developed for the peoples living brought tremendous changes. On one hand, material wealth, living comfortable； The other hand, a reduction of resources, the ecological environment has been seriously polluted. So, people called for the protection of the environment and resources, and return to nature. Green product concept came into being under such voices, green is the trend of the times. Green products in its design, manufacture, use and destruction of the life process, meet specific environmental and human health, at t