外文翻译--复杂弯轴压力机模锻复合锻造工艺

Complicated Curved The Stalk Pressure Machine Mold Duan Compound Forge CraftSummaryAim at the technique characteristics of many problems and that type of Duan piece oneselfs of the light sedan complicated and curved stalk Duan piece existing production craft, this text puts forward Gun Duan-rub the pressure machine mold Duan compound craft project, introduce concerning the semi-finished product of Gun Duan, bent semi-finished product, curve back to play, curve a work preface of reasonable arrangement etc. technological design important point and the reasonable structure and design of the molding tool.Be investigated enunciation by actual production:This craft project forerunner reasonable, the production line stabilize credibility, the economic efficiency shows Zhao.The technological design method in this text as to its it complicated curved stalk Duan the piece contain universal reference meaningKeyword:Complicated curved stalk Duan piece；Compound forging craft；Light sedanA, forewordComplicated and curved stalk Duan piece of the best take shape a method have been the problem that forges profession to concentrate on a research, a little bit ex- year of our country light sedan production amount not big, dont form scale management, the past light sedan is complicated curved stalk Duan the production of the piece mainly with mold Duan of traditional hammer the craft carry on small batch quantity production, the factory house for having even adopts free Duan-foetus mold Duan craft, needing several fire times then can Duan become.In recent years, our country the light sedan production quickly develops and produces a batch quantity more and more greatly, the whole mechanism builds level more and more high, to complicated curved stalk Duan piece and speech, not only the shape is complicated, and Duan piece size accuracy, the request of surface quality etc. also more strict, so investigate a light sedan complicated curved stalk Duan the reasonable forging method of the piece, seem to be is importance.Produce an actual need according to a the vapor light sedan, in experimenting a research of foundation, we adopted the Gun Duan system Pi-rub the pressure machine mold Duan compound craft to act for mold Duan of traditional hammer, the gave birth to light car turns to the left toward the stanza arm, the sedan of Ao Di is left and right under control arm etc. five kinds of complicated curved stalk Duan piece, its Duan piece the technique level come to a light car and the sedan of Ao Di original diagram paper to design a request, various index signs with economic techniques all come to an an expectation target.Two, craft analysis and project assuranceLight sedan complicated curved stalk Duan piece, its characteristics is a stalk line to present a space curve form and much cut noodles to differ and fall bad to the flection big, shape complicated, the forging takes shape to process a difficulty with molding tool bigger.With turn to the left toward the stanza arm(figure 1) is example, press mold Duan of traditional hammer craft, generally want to adopt to stir long-roll to press-flection-forging etc. the work tread.Its outstanding weakness is that the Duan piece accuracy is worse, while working vibrates noise greatly, material depletion and can consume greatly, labor condition bad.If the adoption more advanced hot mold Duan pressure machine takes shape a method, although the worker labors a condition well, rate of production and Duan piece size accuracy is higher, also easy to realization mechanization and automation, the its outstanding weakness is manufacturing cost Gao, inconvenience in pull out long, roll and press the etc. system Pi work and tread, need and go together with the other assistance equipments system Pi.Aim at many problems of the existing forging craft and the technique characteristics of the complicated curved stalk Duan piece oneself, we made sure Gun Duan-rub the pressure machine mold Duan compound forging craft of project, its craft process is:Next anticipate medium repeatedly respond heating the Gun Duan system Pi flection forging slice a side correct Duan piece quality examination.In this craft project adoption repeatedly responding heat not only raised Duan piece surface quality, stabilized craft process, also can raise rate of production, the improvement labors environment.Several time Gun Duan system Pi, can availably solve complicated and curved stalk Duan piece piece noodles bad great problem, make to make Pi shape to approach more in this launches behind of straight line shape and size, reduce a Duan piece to fly a side, save original material.In order to rubbing, the pressure machine tool has mold Duan the hammer and Duan presses machine of the dual work characteristic is rubbing pressure to carry on flection to take shape, prepare Duan on board, eventually Duan and correct to take shape, be advantageous to stable craft process, promise Duan piece quality, also have very high rate of production in the meantime.Three, technological design important point 1. The design of the semi-finished product of Gun DuanGun Duan semi-finished product design whether reasonable as to its empress of curve, forge to take shape a work preface to have to influence very greatly, should be accurate to make Pi, satisfy reasonable between work prefaces to match.In addition to pressing is general of Gun Duan the semi-finished product design a principle, notice following problem:(1)The gradient selection principle of the Gun Duan semi-finished product transition block for under the sistuation that can satisfy eventually the Duan been full of chamber, the gradient as far as possible obtains a little bigger, avoid a little bit greatly flying a side at the size head transition formation.(2)Because adoption the Gun Duan system Pi, rub pressure machine to take shape, at compute semi-finished product of horizontal piece area F=F +2 KF , fly a side the slot be full of coefficient K to take 0.40.6 then, according to Duan piece the shape size is more difficult than fill of part take big value, the part being easy to a fill takes a small value.(3)The calculation and selection of the extension coefficient of the Gun Duan system each way of Pi time, avoid the Gun Duan process way time occasionally Gun Duan empress of the semi-finished product appear to fold.2. The returning of flection playsTo complicated curved stalk Duan piece but speech, the flection takes shape to a pass importance.In the hot Duan, the flection has already denied a time to play in the process and related impact factor, introductive in the teaching material, design manual and data of few.Pass experiment research enunciation, at rubbed pressure to carry on on board dont clip tight flection, it is existent to curve back to play, hot Duan flection return to the size that play a value mainly and the shape of opposite flection radius R/t, work piece and molding tool, curve parts of Pis to anticipate to crush flat degree namely transform degree to contain greater relation.When R/t is more big return to play quantity also more big, work piece at curved mold in is crushed flat degree more big, bent type slot function the part is more long and return to play quantity more small.With turn to the left toward the stanza arm for example(figure 1), return to play while taking shape because of the flection of the influence , after the flection takes shape, open mouth size to enlarge a 56 mms, the flection Cape enlarges tofrom 102 s 103.4 s and curve semi-finished product with eventually the Duan type slot obviously and not and mutually match.Make the Duan piece fallen bad size while correcting mold flection to take shape, because of returning to the influence for playing 22+2.0+1.0 let up a 23 mms, if design take no account of a time to play a problem, will directly influence a Duan piece size accuracy and surface quality and material utilization.In the process of developing in, a little bit accurately made sure the flection time of different piece, different part after playing number, carried on a modification and obtained better effect at first to parts of designs.3. Curve the design of semi-finished productTo complicated and curved stalk Duan piece, flection semi-finished product design whether reasonable, to the forging take shape influence very greatly.Adjust to try in the craft in appear of two key problems BE:The bent semi-finished product puts go into eventually Duan type the slot is unsteady and easily be partial to put；The right angle bent place easy folds.Such as the 1 t light car left, turn to the right toward the stanza arm two kinds of Duans piece in the first design, after flection put to go into eventually a Duan type slot appear to be partial to pour a problem.Afterwards when the modification designed enlarged to bently crush flat degree, laid equal stress on to lately make sure bent semi-finished product with eventually the contact position of Duan type slot, make the bent semi-finished product stability put go into eventually Duan type slot.The right angle bent place easys folding this is widespreadly a technique problem that exists, such as figure 2 show.Because metal dynasty minimum resistance direction flows and then curves place to gather together in the right angle, result at Duan piece the essence and hair fold on formation of side.For control a Duan piece right angle flection place not folds, mainly should design the shape and size of good flection semi-finished product, it designs a key to want the R of right angle be worth to as far as possible take of a little bigger, and make bent place of right angle R outline line at eventually Duan type slot outside, such as figure 3 show, although eventually still keep producing to fold in the Duan process in the Duan piece,fold to only appear a side at the hair at this time up, not appear an essence at the Duan piece up.Practice a proof, want only flection semi-finished product design reasonable, ability with eventually Duan type the slot Be good to match, it is complete to can overcome right angle flection to fold a problem.4. Bent work preface of reasonable arrangementFor simple flection, namely a square upward of bent work preface, generally arrangement at crest Duan, eventually the Duan is previous, but for much more complicated to flection Duan piece, flection work preface of the reasonable arrangement is also very important, from forging equipments but speech, only have a perpendicular direction of sport, can arrange a square upward flection to take shape, in the research of this item, adopted much resolve toward the flection reasonable of technique measure.Such as the sedan of Ao Di left and right next pull the arm two kinds of Duans piece, not only the shape is complicated, and the Duan piece has on two directions 4 kinds of different of bent angle.To this, we while drawing up a craft, a square upward of bent type the slot opens in preparing a Duan mold, through the semi-finished product of the Gun Duan system Pi first through always curve and prepare Duan, another square upward of the flection arrangement of three kinds of different shape, different angle at eventually Duan work preface namely make use of eventually the Duan type slot complete flection and eventually the Duan take shape.Again if the 2 ts light car turns to the left arm(figure 1) toward the stanza wall, is also 4 kinds of two directions flection angles, and fall bad a little bit greatly, to this kind Duan piece pass by earnest of craft analysis, adopted the following craft project, at one pedestal friction the pressure carries on a level direction on board of the flection take shape, then at another one pedestal friction the pressure is on board eventually the Duan takes shape, after slicing a side again at correct mold full general perpendicular direction of the song form press out, like this not only make Duan mold eventually with slice a side mold shape simplification, process manufacturing difficulty to lower, economical molding tool material, and easily promise a Duan piece quality, through actual production usage enunciation, turn to the left is correct to the craft route of the stanza arm, carry on in correcting a mold perpendicular direction of flections taking shape is successful.Four, the molding tool reasonable structure and designIn order to rubbing the pressure machine route of travel speed hammer to compare with mold Duan, is slow, the molding tool is had by dint better condition, it accepts shot noodles generally for the hammer last mold Duan 1/3 then.In the design of this item, for prepare a Duan mold, eventually Duan mold, corrected a mold to all adopt to inset a piece of type molding tool structure, can a little bit significantly lower molding tool material, lower molding tool machine to process and expenses.In addition, in order to adapt to large numbers of requests that the quantity produces, the molding tool direction part adopts to leads pillar and lead structure, with equilibrium curved stalk Duan piece the mold Duan appear in the process of wrong the pieces moving dint, reducing Duan are wrong bad, raise Duan piece accuracy, also in the meantime easy to molding tool install adjust.Complicated and curved stalk Duan piece the piece noodles differs a little bit greatly, generally need through make the Pi work treads, in order to making semi-finished product in Pi to cut noodles shape and size very difficult with Duan piece mutually fit together, past while preparing Duan usually appear surplus metal to flow to in addition to mold Tang, make prepare a Duan mold, the dozen without resort to, in the Duan mold accept shot noodles the formation flies a side, preparing of mold Duan craft of hammer Duan not establish fly side slot, in the design of this craft, in preparing a Duan mold also establish fly side slot fly a side by making surplus metal flown to inside the slot, and make the molding tool beaten depend, thus and availably promise to prepare the shape and size of Duan semi-finished product, make prepare Duan semi-finished product cut area and eventually the Duan semi-finished product cut area match reasonable, promise a complicated Duan piece of good take shape, avoid folding wait blemish.Rub pressure to prepare the shape that the Duan flies side slot on board with eventually Duan homology, but want a big 1.52 mms in flying the side bridge department and Cang department highly, but the width want to shorten 45 mms.This design method for rub the pressure machine mold Duan to take shape is very reasonable. Five, conclusion(1) Adopt Gun Duan-rub the pressure machine mold Duan compound craft to produce complicated curved stalk Duan of light sedan piece, its product size accuracy Gao, surface quality good, with mold Duan of traditional hammer the craft compares, can economize original material on the average above 15%, can consume to lower 60%, Duan piece the economic efficiency and social efficiency that can descend above 10% than the cost, have to show Zhao.(2) This craft project choice reasonable, production line stability credibility, the technological design method in this text and molding tool structure design as to its it is complicated curved stalk Duan piece the technological design have universal instruction meaning.复杂弯轴压力机模锻复合锻造工艺摘要针对轻轿车复杂弯轴类锻件现有生产工艺的诸多问题及该类锻件自身的技术特点，本文提出辊锻摩擦压力机模锻复合工艺方案，介绍有关辊锻毛坯，弯曲毛坯，弯曲回弹，弯曲工序的合理安排等工艺设计要点及模具的合理结构与设计。经实际生产考核表明：本工艺方案先进合理，生产过程稳定可靠，经济效益显著。本文中的工艺设计方法对其它复杂弯轴类锻件有普遍参考意义。 关键词：复杂弯轴锻件 复合锻造工艺 轻轿车 一、前言 复杂弯轴类锻件的最佳成形法一直是锻造行业致力研究的问题，前些年我国轻轿车生产数量不大，没有形成 模经 ， 轻轿车复杂弯轴锻件的生产 要 的 模锻工艺进行 量生产，有的 自 锻 模锻工艺， 锻成。 年 ，我国轻轿车生产 ，生产 量 大， 机造 ，对复杂弯轴类锻件言，不形复杂，currency1锻件“，表fi量等方的要fl ， 轻轿车复杂弯轴类锻件的合理锻造方法，显”要。一轻轿车生产实际 fl， 研究的，我 辊锻坯摩擦压力机模锻复合工艺 的 模锻，生产轻车 ，轿车、 等 复杂弯轴类锻件，其锻件技术 轻车、轿车 设计要fl技术经济 。 、工艺 与方案 定 轻轿车复杂弯轴类锻件，其特点是轴 曲 形，多弯曲，与大， 形复杂，锻造成形与模具工 大。 ( 1) ， 的 模锻工艺，一要 压弯曲锻造等工。其 出 点是锻件 ，工 大， 消耗与 耗大，劳条件。如 先进的热模锻压力机成形法，虽然工人劳条件好，生产率及锻件“ ， 便于实现机械化和自化，但其 出 点是造成本，不便于拔 、 压等坯工， 配其它辅助设备坯。 1针对现有锻造工艺的诸多问题及复杂弯轴类锻件自身的技术特点，我 定辊锻摩擦压力机模锻复合锻造工艺的方案，其工艺流程： 中频感应热辊锻坯弯曲锻造切边校正锻件fi量检测。本工艺方案 中频感应热不提锻件表fi量稳定工艺过程， 可提生产率，改善劳环境。多道 辊锻坯，可有效地解决复杂弯轴锻件大的问题，使坯形接 于这类锻件 开后的直 形和“，减少锻件飞边，省 。 于摩擦压力机具有模锻 和锻压机的双”工特性， 摩擦压力机 进行弯曲成形、 锻、终锻及校正成形，有利于稳定工艺过程，保证锻件fi量，同 具有很的生产率。 三、工艺设计要点 1.辊锻毛坯的设计 辊锻毛坯设计是否合理对其后的弯曲，锻造成形工序有很大影响，应 坯，满足工序的合理匹配。除 一的辊锻毛坯设计 则 要注意 问题：(1)辊锻毛坯过渡区段的斜选取 则 满足终锻充满腔的情况，斜尽量取大些，避免 大 头过渡处形成大飞边。(2) 于 辊锻坯、摩擦压力机成形， 计算毛坯的横积FF+2KF，飞边槽充满系数K取0.40.6即可，锻件形“， 于充填的部 取