山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破三 形容词和副词.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版三、形容词和副词真题试做1(2012山东高考，33)be _you cant expect me to finish all his work in so little time.areasonablebconfidentccreative dgrateful2(2010山东高考，35)mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.aheavy bsmoothcflexible dcomplex3(2009山东高考，35)mary and i see each other _，but not as often as we used to.asooner or later bonce in a whilecin the end dmore or less考向分析1考查在具体的语境中形容词和副词的词义辨析，要求考生结合句意和上下文语境作出最佳选择。2考查形容词、副词的比较等级。尤其注意含蓄比较和比较句型中采用的省略形式，分清比较的范围。3考查比较级的修饰语。包括比较句型中倍数和名词作状语时的位置，以及哪些副词或短语能够修饰比较级，哪些不能。4考查形容词和副词的基本用法。包括形容词作定语、表语、补语和副词在句中作状语，以及习惯搭配问题。 5多个形容词作定语描述人或事物时，词序的安排是一个难题，在高考单项填空题中时有出现。热点例析考点一：形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词在句中的作用。(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。he was lying in bed，dead.(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：he is an ill man.(错)the man is ill.(对)she is an afraid girl.(错)the girl is afraid.(对)(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/oneeyed等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：tom is a twoyearold boy.2副词在句中的作用。副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：obviously you are wrong.【典例分析】 (2012四川高考，16)i make $2,000 a week.60 surely wont make _ difference to me.athat a big ba that bigcbig a that dthat big a答案为d项。that在此句中是副词，相当于so的用法，修饰形容词big。例如：“如此可爱的一个女孩”可表达为that lovely a girl，故选d项。句意：我每周赚2000美元，60美元对我而言根本没有关系。考点二：形容词和副词的词义辨析 词义辨析是高考对形容词、副词考查的一大热点。解答此类题的关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。从近几年全国及各省市高考试题来看，考查频率最高的形容词和副词有even，interested，interesting，yet，hardly，just，therefore，though，too，very，common，effective，either，ever，fair，however，less，more，nearly，only，purposefully，rather，still，such，surprised，surprising等。【典例分析】 (2012浙江高考，10)the research lacks _ evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.asolidbfiercecsevere dpotential答案为a项。句意：这项研究缺乏可靠的证据，因此，其结论是令人怀疑的。solid意为“可靠的，可信赖的”；fierce意为“强烈的，极度的”；severe意为“非常的，严重的”；potential意为“潜在的，可能的”。(2012天津高考，4)the dog may be a good companion for the old._，the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.abesides bhoweverctherefore dinstead答案为b项。句意：狗对老年人来说可能是一个好伙伴，然而，需要带它散步可能就是一个不好之处。besides意为“此外，而且”；however意为“然而”；therefore意为“因此”；instead意为“相反，代替”。考点三：形容词和副词的比较等级1对两者进行同等程度的比较用“as原级as”句型。当as.as 中间有名词时采用“as形容词a单数名词as”和“asmany/much名词as”的形式。如：this is as good an example as the other is.2对两者进行不同程度的比较用“not as/so原级as”句型。如：he cannot run so/as fast as you.3表示前者的程度超过后者时用“比较级than”句型。如：tom works harder than peter.he is more diligent than his brother.4表示前者的程度不如后者时用“less原级than”句型。如：this book is less interesting than that one.5“比较级and比较级”可用来表示“越来越”。如：it is becoming colder and colder.6“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越”。如：the busier he is，the happier he feels.7要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。如：the population of shanghai is larger than that of beijing.the population of shanghai is larger than beijing.(错)8要避免重复使用比较级。如：he is more clever/cleverer than his brother.(对)he is more cleverer than his brother.(错)he is less taller than i(错)9要避免将主语含在比较对象中。china is larger than any other country in asia./any country in africa.(对)china is larger than any country in asia.(错)【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考，26)the result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much _.athe best bbestcbetter dthe better答案为d项。在该题but后的分句中，if引导条件状语从句，主句为省略形式，根据句意判断是对赢和输两种情况进行比较，应用比较级形式，可排除a、b项；so much the better为固定短语，意为“那就更好了”。 句意：这结果对我们来说不很重要，但如果我们真的赢了，那就太好了。(2012全国高考，13)next to biology，i like physics _.abetter bbestcthe better dvery well答案为b项。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。注意本题易误选a项，其实此处并不是把生物和物理作比较，而是把物理与除生物之外的其他学科作比较，故选b项。考点四：比较级和最高级前的状语1比较级前常用表示程度的副词(短语)作状语，常见的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等，但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级。如：yao ming is much/a lot/a great deal taller than i.2比较级前还常用名词、数词和倍数作状语。如：we have a third as many students as we had last term.the river is three times as long as that one.3最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：the population of china is by far the largest in the world.africa is the second largest continent.【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考，29)this restaurant wasnt_that other restaurant we went to.ahalf as good as bas half good ascas good as half dgood as half as答案为a项。如果表示两个饭店一样好，应用as good as，在比较句型中，程度状语应放在第一个as或比较级之前，所以答案为a项。考点五：形容词作定语时的位置1通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：someone strange is asking to see you.something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.2else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：no one else can answer the question.3多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：an expensive japanese sports car，those three beautiful large square old brown wood table【典例分析】 one day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace.aold chinese stonebchinese old stonecold stone chinesedchinese stone old答案为a项。多个形容词作定语修饰一个名词时，排列的顺序为：大小、年龄、形状、颜色、来源、国籍、质地、用途。考点六：比较级的否定1not用来否定比较级时，只陈述客观事实。如：yi jianlian is not taller than yao ming.2no用来否定比较级时，往往带有感情色彩，对比较的两者都否定。如：the patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人没有比昨天好转。 sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鲜空气对身体健康是同样必不可少的。 3“否定词不定冠词形容词的比较级名词”或“否定词比较级”表示“从未，未曾”，常常表达最高级的意义。如：this film is very moving.i have never seen a better one.这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。【典例分析】 (2011四川高考，12)how was your recent trip to sichuan?ive never had _ one before.aa pleasantba more pleasantca most pleasantdthe most pleasant答案为b项。句意：最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？从来没有这么愉快过。否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，相当于最高级含义。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范围并不存在，因此d项错误。误区警示1形容词或副词的辨析易错点(2012福建高考，32)can you lend me the book gone with the wind?sorry.i returned it to the library just now.maybe it is still _.aavailable baffordablecacceptable dvaluable【错混透析】aavailable意为“可得到的，可找到的”；affordable意为“负担得起，支付得起”；acceptable意为“可以接受的”；valuable意为“有价值的”。句意：你能借给我飘那本书吗？对不起。我刚才把它还给图书馆了。也许还能借到它。该题错选的原因要么是词汇量不够，要么是对句意理解不清。(2012辽宁高考，22)we used to see each other _，but i havent heard from him since last year.aespecially bregularlycparticularly dapproximately【错混透析】b句意：我们以前经常见面，但自从去年就没有收到他的来信了。especially意为“尤其，特别”；regularly意为“规则地，定期地”；particularly意为“特别地”；approximately意为“大约地”。根据句意可知b项正确。【解题指导】 做这类题目时，有一定的词汇储备是基本条件。在掌握了各选项的词义的基础上，结合具体的语境，再通过对句意的理解，做出最恰当的选择。2比较级、最高级的范围易错点(2011全国高考，17)mr stevenson is great to work fori really couldnt ask for a _ boss.abetter bgoodcbest dstill better【错混透析】 a该题易误选c项或d项。句意：为史蒂文森先生工作真好，我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。该句实际是把其他老板与史蒂文森先生进行两者间的比较，否定词couldnt与better连用，表达最高级含义。【解题指导】 考查比较级和最高级的题目，分清比较的范围是关键：(1)两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定使用比较级还是最高级，又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断，因为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较，而是把数量隐含在句意中。(2)若题目为省略句，应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象，然后确定比较的范围。3比较句型的易错点(2011陕西高考，17)the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be _ the present one.aas three times big asbthree times as big ascas big as three timesdas big three times as【错混透析】 b句意：“为下一届亚运会而正在修建的新体育馆将会是目前体育馆的三倍大。”as.as表示同等比较，当表示倍数的词作程度状语时，应放在第一个as的前面。【解题指导】 有关比较句型的题目应注意以下几点：(1)掌握比较级的几个热点句型：同级比较句型：“as原级as”不同级比较句型：“not as/so原级as”表示一者的程度超过另一者的句型：“比较级than”表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型：“less原级than”表示“越来越”的句型：“比较级and比较级”表示“越，就越”的句型：“the比较级，the比较级” (2)做题时，要分析语境含义和句子结构，明确题目符合哪一种句型，要确保句型使用正确，如as.as中间是否是形容词或副词的原级、less后面是否错用了比较级等。(3)比较级前常有副词或短语作程度状语，但very/quite/fairly不用来修饰比较级。(4)比较句型中还常用名词、数词和倍数作状语，一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。1(2012济南一模，13) i am leaving my _ position because i cannot show my capabilities fully here.apresentbprivatecindividual dpersonal2(2012山东泰安期末，30) a _ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the bank of china.avalid bperfectcbeneficial dflexible3in this lecture，i can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.aprivate bpersonalcunique ddifferent4if youre looking for a furnished flat to rent，i think theres a(n)_ apartment in my building.aempty bbarecfree dvacant5my work schedule is fairly _，so you can come to me anytime you like.aavailable baccessiblecflexible dchangeable6(2012山东枣庄十八中月考，33)it is _ that he has been addicted to the drugs and has difficulty quitting it.aobviously bapparentlycpossibly dlikely 7(2012山东潍坊重点中学月考，31) the handbook gives_ details about the functions of this washing machine.asteady bsecurecpotential dprecise8(2012山东德州期末，28) childrens ability to adapt to a new environment doesnt come_.it is a result of many experiences.anormally bspeciallycnaturally deventually9(2012山东实验中学二模，25) the plane will be landing in _ 20 minutes.please be seated!areadily bapproximatelycrandomly dtypically10the secondhand car amy bought last month is almost new；_，it is in excellent condition.abesides bin addition tocinstead dyet 11(2012山东邹平四模，8) after 3 days long journey，the explorers arrived at the destination，_.aexhausted and hungrybexhausted and hungrilycexhausting and hungrydexhausting and hungrily12though small，the oranges sell _，because they taste _.agood；well bwell；nicecnicely；well dnice；good13do you believe _ little boys could eat _ much food?aso；so bsuch；suchcsuch；so dso；such14jack，you have earned so much in such a short time!yes，i have.but i am still _ than you.abetter off bmore worse offcworse off dless badly off15what does this modernday dinosaur look like?the tongue of this animal can be extended _ of its body.amore than twice the lengthbtwice more than the lengthcmore than the length twicedmore twice than the length参考答案三、形容词和副词命题调研明晰考向真题试做1a考查形容词。句意：讲点道理好不好，你不能指望我在这么短的时间里完成所有的工作啊。reasonable意为“合理的，公道的，通情达理的”；confident意为“自信的，确信的”；creative意为“有创造性的”；grateful意为“感激的，感谢的”。故选a项。2c考查形容词词义辨析。heavy“重的”；smooth“顺利的，平滑的”；flexible“灵活的，易弯曲的”；complex“复杂的”。句意为“走出家门的职业妈妈们应该有灵活的时间安排以便能更容易地照顾孩子”。由句意可知，c项符合句意。3b考查短语的辨析。once in a while “偶尔”。句意：玛丽和我不像以前那么经常见面，我们只是偶尔见见面。sooner or later “迟早”；in the end “最后，结果”；more or less “几乎，差不多”。创新模拟预测演练1apresent意为“现在的”；private意为“私有的，私人的，秘密的，私立的”；individual意为“单独的，个别的，一个人的，独特的”；personal意为“个人的，私人的，人际的”。句意：我要离开我现在的工作岗位了，因为在这里我不能充分地展示我的才能。2avalid意为“合法的，有效的”；perfect意为“完美的”；beneficial意为“有益的，有利的”；flexible意为“有弹性的，灵活的”。根据句意判断应选a项，表示“有效的身份证”。3b句意：“在这次演讲中，我只能就如何充实地生活给出纯粹个人的观点并就未来提出一些建议。”private“私有的，私营的”；personal“个人的，私人的”；unique“独一无二的，仅有的，唯一的”；different“不同的”。4dempty意为“空的