英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson Eight 2.xls

Page 1 of 18Lesson Eight Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper Words and Expressions 1allege vt 宣称 指控Report or maintain The old woman alleged that her son was guilty allegation n 宣称 指控Statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact alleged adj 被说成的 被指控的Declared but not proved The alleged murderer commited suicide which made a confession of guilt allegedly adv 被说成地 被指控地According to what has been alleged 2anise n 洋茴香 茴芹 3bland adj 平淡无味的Lacking taste or flavor blandness n 平淡无味Lacking any distinctive or interesting taste property 4cookery n 烹调术 烹饪法he practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared cook v 烹调 煮Prepare for eating by applying heat My father sometimes cooks on Sunday cook n 厨师Someone who cooks food You can t become a good cook if you don t read any cookery books cooking n 烹饪 烹饪法The act of preparing something as food by the application of heat cooker n 烹饪器具 炊具An implement for cooking Page 2 of 18Lesson Eight 5courtship n 求爱 求婚A man s courting of a woman seeking the affections of a woman 6crumbly adj 易碎的Apt to break into small fragments or disintegrate crumble v 变碎Break or fall apart into fragments 7dweller n 居住者 居民A person who lives in a particular place The dwellers like to have a picnic in the countryside dwell v 居住Make one s home or live in Although they have dwelt for years in the same town they don t know each other dwelling n 住宅 寓所A physical structure e g a house that someone is living in 8fission n 原子核的裂变 A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy 9forebear n 祖先 祖宗A person from whom you are descended 10 fusion n 原子核的聚变 A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy 11 gag vi 恶心 呕吐 Cause to retch or choke 12 genetics n 遗传学 The branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms geneticist n 遗传学家A scientist who specializes in genetics 13 gruesome adj 令人震惊的 令人厌恶的Shockingly repellent inspiring horror 14 guffaw vi 哄笑 大笑A burst of deep loud hearty laughter 15 hypothesis n 假设 假说A message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence Page 3 of 18Lesson Eight Do you have any evidence to support your hypothesis hypothesize v 假设 假定To believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds Tom hypothsized the end of the story hypothetical adj 假设的 有前提的Based on hypothesis 16 imperishable adj 不朽的 不灭的Not perishable Chairman Mao made imperishable contributions to the Chinese revolution imperishability n 不朽 不灭The property of being resistant to decay imperishably adv 不朽地 不灭地Not perishable perishable adj 易腐烂的 易死的Liable to perish subject destruction or death or decay Fruits are perishable in transit 17 individualistic adj 个人的 个人主义的Marked by or expressing individuality Individualistic heroism has nothing in common with revolutionary heroism individuality n 个性The quality of being individual individualize v 使具有个性Make personal or more personal His style of writing individualizes his work individual adj 个人的 个体的Being or characteristic of a single thing or person individualism n 个人主义 A belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self reliance and personal independence 18 innate adj 天生的 与生俱来的 Present at birth but not necessarily hereditary acquired during fetal development Page 4 of 18Lesson Eight 19 leek n 韭菜 20 macaroni n 通心粉 通心面 21 mediocrity n 平庸 平庸的人Ordinariness as a consequence of being average and not outstanding They had to overthrow the government of mediocrities mediocre adj 平庸的 中等的Poor to middling in quality It is only a mediocre restaurant though the food is very expensive there 22 moldy adj 发了霉的 不新鲜的Covered with or smelling of mold 23 monograph n 专著 专题文章A detailed and documented treatise on a particular subject 24 motto n 座右铭A favorite saying of a sect or political group 25 mush adj 糊状的 像浓粥的 Cornmeal boiled in water 26 obesity n 肥胖 肥胖症More than average fatness Obesity is not totally incurable obese adj 极肥胖的Excessively fat No one likes to marry to an obese person 27 Parisian adj 巴黎的 巴黎人的 Parisian n 巴黎人 28 produce n 农产品Fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market 29 pronounced adj 明显的 明白表示的Strongly marked easily noticeable Page 5 of 18Lesson Eight It is the pronounced symptom of influenza pronounce v 宣布 断言 发音Speak pronounce or utter in a certain way The minister pronounced them man and wife pronouncement n 公告 声明An authoritative declaration 30 puree vt 制成浓菜汁 Rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender 31 recipe n 烹饪法 食谱 菜谱Directions for making something 32 standardization n 标准化The imposition of a standard They are discussing the problem of the standardization of the use of hyphens in compounds standardize v 使标准化Make standard or the norm These machine parts have been standardized standard n 标准 规格The ideal in terms of which something can be judged standard adj 标准的Conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value 33 simmer v 炖 用温火慢煮Boil slowly at low temperature 34 superlatively adv 最好地 最上等地To a superlative degree Her dance combined with music superlatively superlative adj 最好的 最高级的The highest level or degree attainable Without his superlative wisdom he couldn t succeed 35 squash n 南瓜 Page 6 of 18Lesson Eight 36 string bean菜豆 37 supplant v 替代 取代Take the place of The Prime Minister was supplanted by his rival supplantation n 替代 取代Replacement supplanter n 排挤他人者 取代者One who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another She doesn t think the supplanter is more capable than her 38 tamper with乱动 擅改 干预 39 teaspoonful n 满满一茶匙As much as a teaspoon will hold 40 texture n 质地 结构The essential quality of something 41 tuber n 块茎 A fleshy underground stem or root 42 turnip n 萝卜 43 unfrosted adj 无霜的 未冰冻的Not frozend 44 Vaseline n 凡士林 45 venerable adj 可尊敬的 古老的Profoundly honored There are a lot of venerable pines in the forest venerability n 尊敬Respect venerate v 尊敬 崇拜Respect We venerate the old man for his uprightness 46 wilt v 使凋谢 枯萎 Cause to become limp or drooping Page 7 of 18Lesson Eight 47 wither v 使凋谢 枯萎Cause to become limp or drooping The summer heat withered certain plants withered adj 枯萎了的 凋谢了的Lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness My mom threw away the withered flower withering adj 摧毁的 毁灭性的Wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction 48 zillion n 一个无限大的数 Very large indeterminate number zillions of无数的 大量的 49 journal n 定期刊物A periodical dedicated to a particular subject 50 spoil v 破坏 宠爱 捣乱 Make a mess of destroy or ruin 51 nutrition n 营养 营养学 The organic process by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance nutritious adj 有营养的Providing nourishment 52 delicatessen n 熟食店A shop selling delicatessen 53 edible adj 可食用的Suitable for use as food 54 grocer n 食品商 杂货店A merchant who sells foodstuffs and some household supplies 55 fussy adj 担忧的 挑剔的 Exacting especially about details 56 patron n 赞助商 资助人A regular customer 57 caraway n 香菜 58 cart n 手推车 Pushed by a person may have one or two or four wheels Page 8 of 18Lesson Eight 59 discard v 丢弃 抛弃Throw or cast away 60 famed adj 著名的 闻名的Widely known and esteemed 61 blindfold adj 蒙上眼睛的 看不见的 Wearing a blindfold 62 bean n 豆 豆形果实 63 pea n 豌豆 64 agronomist n 农艺学家 农学家An expert in soil management and field crop production 65 breeding n 饲养 教养The production of animals or plants by inbreeding 65 whatsoever pron 无论什么 66 ripen v 成熟 Grow ripe 67 thresh v 脱粒Beat the seeds out of a grain in agriculture 68 wad n 填料 a large number or amount or extent 69 tender string n 嫩菜筋 70 carrat n 胡萝卜 71 onion n 洋葱 72 leftover n 剩菜 剩余物 A small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists 73 bud n 蓓蕾 萌芽 A partially opened flower 74 curse n 诅咒 祸根 An evil spell 75 ring down the curtain结束某事 落幕 Page 9 of 18Lesson Eight 76 crisp adj 脆的 易碎的 Tender and brittle 77 cracking adj 破裂的Tender and brittle 78 slippery adj 滑的 光滑的Being such as to cause things to slip or slide 79 stringy adj 纤维的Forming viscous or glutinous threads 80 essential oil香精油 81 wood pulp纸浆 81 suckle v 哺育Suck milk from the mother s breasts of infants and baby mammals 82 hog n 肥猪 A person regarded as greedy and pig like 83 mob n 一群人 乌合之众 A disorderly crowd of people 84 vulgar adj 粗俗的 庸俗的Lacking refinement or cultivation or taste Text Explanation 1Science to my mind is applied hoesty Science is something in which honesty is put into practice There is no room for cheating in science 2 I feel the way a man would if his favorite uncle had taken to drink Page 10 of 18Lesson Eight You have mixed feelings if your favorite uncle has got into the bad habit of drinking alcoholic liquor On the one hand you feel resentful for his doing so but on the other hand as he is your beloved uncle you may feel bitterly disappointed and sorry for him This is exactly how the author feels about error committed in the name of science 3America can set as good a table as any nation in the world America can provide food as good as that provided by any nation in the world 4 it is sad to go back eating with my friends even the alleged good cooks among them The food prepared by his friends is tasteless This is true of the food prepared by those friends who are said to be god cooks So it is sad to go back to eating with them Here eating is a verbal noun expresses a frequent action 5The latter were sharp but not too sharp Cheese can be made to be pungent less pungent or light in taste Usually the world sharp or medium or light is printed on the package of the cheese for the convenience of the customers 6 but no one comes within miles of the old kinds for flavor Page 11 of 18Lesson Eight they are all inferior in flavor to the old kinds of cheeses 但但是是在在味味道道上上没没有有一一种种不不和和原原来来的的奶奶酪酪差差上上十十万万八八千千里里 After a sound sleep last night he feels miles better today much better 7A grocer used to be very fussy about his cheese A grocer used to be very particular about what cheese and how much cheese he bought to sell in his shop be fussy about showing close attention to detail 为为琐琐事事担担心心 Our teacher is too fussy about our clothes 8 who knew precisely what their patrons wanted who knew exactly what kind of cheeses their regular customers wanted 9The old fashioned cheeses didn t ship well enough The old fashioned cheeses could not be well transported for their quality was likely to decline in transit 10 so long as they can sell most persons anyhow so long as they can sell their foodstuff to most persons anyhow Page 12 of 18Lesson Eight 11 Scientific samplings got in its statistically nasty work Scientific samplings got its statistically nasty work in This means Scientific samplings used its disgusting statistics to influence food production 科科学学抽抽样样 的的讨讨厌厌的的统统计计工工作作插插了了进进来来 12 but nobody is very violently put off but nobody dislikes it so much as not to buy it 但但也也没没有有人人会会厌厌恶恶到到不不去去买买的的地地步步 I quite like working for the director but his bad temper puts me off 13 The result is that a reason has been found for turning out zillions of packages of something that will do for nearly all and isn t even imagined to be superlatively good by a single soul The result is that a reason has been found for producing a great many packages of something that will be tolerated by people in general but is not thought to be very good to anybody 其其结结果果是是 找找到到了了一一个个 理理由由 去去生生产产无无数数包包某某种种东东西西 这这些些可可以以被被几几乎乎所所有有的的人人 凑凑合合着着用用 但但 即即使使在在想想象象时时也也不不会会有有一一个个人人认认为为它它们们是是特特别别好好的的好好东东西西 14 Economics entered Page 13 of 18Lesson Eight Economics came to play its role to influence food production 15 It is possible to turn out in quantity a bland impersonal practically imperishable substance more or less resembling say cheese at lower cost than cheese These carefully chosen words fully express the author s contempt for today s cheese He wouldn t call it cheese but a substance resembling cheese It is not sharp enough but very mild in flavor almost tasteless it is standardized with no individual character and it is hard and never goes bad instead of being crumbly 用用低低于于生生产产奶奶酪酪的的成成本本生生产产出出大大量量淡淡而而无无味味的的 没没有有特特色色的的 几几乎乎是是永永远远不不会会腐腐烂烂的的 或或多多或或少少像像譬譬如如说说 是是奶奶酪酪的的物物质质 这这是是可可能能的的 16 Chain groceries shut out independent stores and standardization became a principal means of cutting cost Defeated by chain groceries in competition the independent stores had to close down 同同一一公公司司开开设设的的连连锁锁食食品品杂杂货货店店挤挤垮垮了了独独立立经经营营的的商商店店 标标准准化化 变变成成了了降降低低成成本本的的主主要要手手段段 Shut out keep out exclude block 把把 关关在在门门外外 排排除除 遮遮住住 These buildings when completed will shut out our view of the sea 17 There are American duplications of most of the celebrated European cheeses mass produced and cheaper by far than the imports Page 14 of 18Lesson Eight Imitations of most of the famous European cheeses are made in large quantities They are much cheaper than the imported European cheeses 18 I knew that vegetables cannot be overcooked and remain even edible in the best sense I knew that when vegetables are overcooked they cannot remain fit to be eaten with full flavor 我我知知道道蔬蔬菜菜煮煮过过了了头头就就不不可可能能吃吃起起来来还还有有滋滋有有味味 19 Our vegetables however comes to us through a long chain of command Vegetables pass through many hands in the network of distribution before reaching the customers 20 if you pureed them blindfolded if you have your eyes covered and taste the thick soup made of boiled and sieved vegetable pulp 21 Agronomists and the like have taken to breeding all sorts of vegetables and fruits Agronomists and people like them are engaged in cultivating all sorts of vegetables and fruits 农农学学家家之之类类的的人人物物搞搞起起了了各各种种蔬蔬菜菜和和水水果果的的培培育育 22 the things they ve tampered with Page 15 of 18Lesson Eight to tamper with something means to handle something ignorantly or foolishly so as to damage or make things worse 23 The farmers can then harvest his peas and thresh them and be done with them Once the farmers harvest and thresh the peas they have finished everything about them that is they have nothing else to do about them 24 you can t tell them from tender string when you eat this kind of string beans you cannot distinguish them from soft thin rope They taste just like soft string 25 that have less flavor than the water off last week s leeks This is an exaggeration of how tasteless onions are Last week s leeks are no longer fresh but wilted The water squeenzed out of it tastes terrible 还还不不如如放放了了一一个个星星期期的的韭韭菜菜水水味味道道足足 26 The food looks like famous paintings of still life The food looks beautiful like a work of art but is not meant for eating 27 It is however deep freezing that has really rung down the curtain on American cookery Page 16 of 18Lesson Eight It is however deep freezing that has completely spoiled or has marked the end of American cookery 28 I have yet to taste a deep frozen victual that measures up in flavor to the fresh unfrosted original I haven t tasted a kind of deep frozen food that reaches the standard in flavor of the fresh un frozen food 29 Vegetables with crisp and cracking texture emerge as mush slippery and stringy as hair nets simmered in Vaseline 质质地地爽爽脆脆的的蔬蔬菜菜出出来来后后就就像像在在凡凡士士林林中中炖炖过过的的发发网网一一样样黏黏黏黏糊糊糊糊的的 滑滑溜溜溜溜的的 筋筋筋筋拉拉拉拉的的 30 The essential oils that make peas peas and cabbage cabbage must undergo fission and fusion in freezers Peas have the taste of peas because of its essential oils This is also the case with cabbage These essential oils must have changed into something entirely different through violent chemical process 使使豌豌豆豆成成其其为为豌豌豆豆 卷卷心心菜菜成成其其为为卷卷心心菜菜的的独独特特的的精精油油在在低低温温冷冷藏藏箱箱中中必必定定经经过过分分裂裂与与聚聚变变 总总之之是是消消失失了了 31 We are suckling ourselves on machine made mediocrity We are nourishing ourselves with machine processed food of second rate quality 我我们们靠靠机机器器制制造造出出来来的的平平庸庸的的东东西西哺哺育育自自己己 32 the people of U S A are well on the way to becoming faceless mob of mediocrities Page 17 of 18Lesson Eight the American people have started to become a disorderly crowd of people who have ordinary quality and lack distinguished personality 33 And if we apply to other attributes the criteria we apply these days to appetite that is what would happen The criteria we apply to our appetite are nice loo