【三维设计】高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Earthquakes板块训练 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 4earthquakes随着社会的发展，网络也进入到了普通的家庭当中，当今网络购物、网上物品交换、网上交友、聊天都越来越受年轻人的青睐，此类话题也成了高考的热点话题之一，如2012年重庆卷和2010年安徽卷都涉及到了这一话题。本书从此单元开始至后面两个单元将围绕这一话题设计晨背内容。 由词连句背词汇、学连句，让作文丰满起来一、话题常用词汇必背1常用单词(1)virus n病毒(2)credit n. 信用卡(3)complaint n. 抱怨(4)recreation n. 消遣(5)advantage n. 优点(6)email n. 电子邮件(7)information n. 信息(8)convenience n. 方便(9)communication n. 交流(10)cyberspace n. 网络空间,(11)chat v聊天(12)explore v. 探索(13)exchange v. 交换(14)download v. 下载(15)fictional adj. 虚幻的(16)artificial adj. 人造的(17)universal adj. 普遍的(18)intelligent adj. 智能的(19)technological adj. 科技的(20)widely adv. 广泛地(21)actually adv. 实际上2常用短语(1)instead of而不是(2)shop online 网上购物(3)click on sth. 用鼠标点击(4)make good use of 充分利用(5)surf the internet 上网浏览信息(6)broaden ones horizons 开阔视野(7)a technological revolution 技术革命(8)provide . with . 为提供(9)download information from the internet 从网络上下载信息二、连词成句并背诵(按括号中的要求，添加适当的词连词成句)1we, live in, information, age, web, widely, used (用非限制性定语从句)答案：we_are_now_living_in_an_information_age,_in_which_the_web_is_widely_used.2whenever, necessary, they, download, all kinds of, information, internet (用状语从句的省略)答案：whenever_necessary_they_can_download_all_kinds_of_information_fromthe_internet.3email, instead of, letter, make communication, easy (用强调句式)答案：it_is_email_instead_of_letter_that_makes_communication_easier.4people, be worried about, the safety of paying for goods, use, credit，when, shop (用现在分词短语作伴随状语和状语从句的省略)答案：people_are_worried_about_the_safety_of_paying_for_goods_using_credit_when_shopping.高频单词必记1burst vi.爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产3shock vt. & vi. (使)震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊4rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救5trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境6disaster n. 灾难；灾祸7bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏8damage n. & vt. 损失；损害9event n. 事件；大事；比赛项目10judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n. 意见；判断力；审判11injure vt. 损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的12electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的13frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的14congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺1语境串记(用所给词的适当形式填空)(1)in the crash he was seriously injured. he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.(injure)(2)on seeing the frightening scene, the little girl was so frightened that she burst out crying.(frighten)(3)the headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)2主题串记请写出除disaster以外其他表示“自然灾害”的名词(1)flood n洪水(2)typhoon n台风(3)tsunami n. 海啸 (4)tornado n. 龙卷风(5)sandstorm n. 沙尘暴.重点短语必背 *1.right_away立刻；马上*2.think_little/nothing_of 以为没什么了不起*3.at_an_end 结束；终结4in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪*5.dig_out 掘出；发现*6.a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的7be_proud_of 以而自豪*8.judging_from 从判断*9.be_trapped_in 陷入10be_buried_in 埋头于选用以上标有*的短语填空(其中有一项是多余的)1mo yan has received a_great_number_of congratulations since he got the nobel prize in 2012.2it seemed that the world was at_an_end when he learned that all his savings were gone.3just wait a few minutes. well be back right_away.4more than a dozen people were_dug_out of the ruins alive after the earthquake.5dont think_little_of some changes in nature before the earthquake.6judging_from what he said just now, he must be an honest man.经典句型必会 1in the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里的鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。解读too .to 意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义。仿写那不是个好主意，冰太薄了承受不了你的重量。thats not a good idea; the ice is too_thin_to_bear_your_weight.2it seemed as if the world was at an end!好像世界末日到了！解读it seems as if . “看起来好像”。仿写这个讲故事的人以一种生动的方式给我们讲故事，好像他亲身经历过的一样。the storyteller was telling us a story in a vivid way as_if he had experienced it himself.3everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。解读everywhere相当于wherever或no matter where，引导让步状语从句。仿写无论他走到哪里，他都受到欢迎。everywhere_he_went,_he received a warm welcome. 4all hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。解读本句是部分否定。仿写并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我们应严格要求他们。all students dont_obey the school rules, so as a teacher, we should be strict with them.1burst vi. (burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发教材原句in the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。 (1)突然哭起来/笑起来(2)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入burst out 突然迸发；爆发(3)burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支i dont know what it was in the novel that made him burst into tears.(2012湖北高考完成句子)我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然大哭起来。he burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door, which made me angry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。2ruin nu毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产高考佳句by 2000, nauru was almost financially ruined.(2012山东高考阅读a)到2000年，瑙鲁的经济差不多崩溃了。(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃bring .to ruin 使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future/pleasure 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途/好心情with time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.随着岁月的流逝，曾经非常漂亮的城堡现在是一片废墟。the global economy downturn has brought many small companies to ruin.全球性的经济不景气已经使许多小公司纷纷破产。the bad weather had ruined_all_my_pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。辨析比较ruin, damage, destroy试一试选择上述单词填空thousands of houses were seriously damaged by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month.the whole city was completely destroyed in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native people.the constant rain in the north of china this summer has ruined cash crops such as cotton and peppers.辨一辨ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西，事后虽然存在，但已失去了其优良的特性或特征。意思是“使毁灭；崩溃；弄糟”。用作名词，意思是“毁灭；瓦解；废墟”，构成词组in ruins“成为废墟”damage指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的，可用作动词或名词。作名词表示抽象的“损坏；破坏”时为不可数名词，构成词组do/cause damage to sb./sth.destroy指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭3injure vt.损害；伤害教材原句twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured 伤员(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人this could seriously injure the companys reputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉。the young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin (海豚) was swimming.(2011湖北高考完形填空)那位年轻妇女进入那个水池，一头受伤的海豚正在水池里游动。the moment the terrible accident happened, ambulances rushed the_injured to the hospital.可怕的事故一发生，救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。辨析比较injure, wound, hurt, harm试一试选择上述单词填空he retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.soon after, he met with an accident, where he was not injured luckily but was hurt to some degree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇一次车祸，幸运的是他身体没有受伤，但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。辨一辨injure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害；损害；有害于”。常用短语do harm to“对有害”形象记忆4bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏高考佳句after finishing my homework, i wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books.(2011天津高考完形填空)做完作业后，我溜达进了餐厅。你正在那里忙着看你那一堆堆的法律书。(1)be buried in bury oneself in埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面ever since he moved there, he has buried himself in/has been buried in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。buried_in his study, he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。联想归纳表示“专心于；致力于”的短语除了be buried in外，还有哪些？试完成下列短语。be addicted tobe absorbed inbe devoted to be lost infocus on concentrate on5judge v断定；判断；判决 n裁判员；法官；评判员教材原句your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。(1)judge .from/by .从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as i can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from从上看；根据判断schools tend to be judged by the performance of their students in exams.人们常以学生的考试成绩来判断其学校的好坏。as_far_as_i_can_judge,_ it is more likely that you will get the job.据我判断，你更有可能获得那个工作。名师指津judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。judging_by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她的上封来信看，他们过得非常愉快。单词对点集训.单词拼写1they were trapped (困住) in a deep hole and couldnt get out.2the judge (法官) sentenced him to five years in prison.3she burst (突然爆发) into tears at the news that her father had passed away.4on arriving there, we offered our congratulations (祝贺) to him on his success.5its wrong of you to take shelter (躲避) under the tree in the storm.单项填空1the earthquake was so terrible that in only fifteen seconds a large city lay _.ain tearsbin ruinscin progress din difficulties解析：选blie in ruins“成为废墟”。在此短语中in ruins 为固定的表达形式，意为“遭到严重破坏；成为废墟”。in tears“流着泪；含着泪”；in progress “在进行中；在发展中”；in difficulties “处境困难；处境艰难”。2that car accident _ all his life. after that he was limited to a wheelchair.adamaged bdestroyedcharmed druined解析：选d句意：那场车祸毁了他的一生。在此之后他只能坐在轮椅上了。ruin的损害程度更大，指程度深的损害。含义相对抽象，强调损坏的结果，常译作“毁了；毁灭”；damage侧重物理或生理损伤，强调损坏的动作；destroy“摧毁”，强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉。harm“伤害；损害”，主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。3i havent read all of his books before, but _ from the one i have read, i think hes a very promising writer.ajudged bjudgingcdetermining ddetermined解析：选b考查动词用法和词义辨析。judging from .是固定短语，常在句中作状语。不管它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用现在分词形式。教师备课参考独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来，frankly speaking坦白地说，judging from/by .根据来判断，considering ./taking .into consideration 考虑到，to tell you the truth 说实话，seeing .考虑到，supposing 假设；如果，saving 除了；除非，assuming 假使，admitting虽说；即使，given 如果，provided/providing如果，compared to/with与相比。considering your health, youd better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。to tell you the truth, i am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4(2013海口质检)i received his mothers phone call at ten. only then did i know that he was badly _ in an accident the day before yesterday.ahurtbinjuredcharmed dwounded解析：选b句意：十点钟时我接到他母亲的电话。直到那时我才知道他在前天的一次意外事故中伤得很严重。在意外事故中受伤常用injure。5on seeing jay chou appear on the stage, the audience _ cheering.aburst in bburst intocburst on dburst out解析：选d考查与burst 相关的短语搭配。句意：一看到周杰伦出现在舞台上，观众爆发出欢呼声。其中burst outdoing相当于 burst inton.，因此选d。1think little/nothing of以为没什么了不起；对满不在乎；轻视；忽视教材原句but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没把这些情况当回事儿，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。think much/highly/well of重视；看重；对高度评价be well/highly thought of 被高度评价he came up with a good suggestion at the meeting, but his boss thought little of it.在会议上他提出了一个好主意，但是老板根本不理会。as a young leader, he is_well/highly_thought_of.作为一位年轻的领导，他受到高度评价。2at an end结束；终结经典例句the long hot summer was at last at an end.(朗文p327)漫长的酷暑终于过去了。(1)at the end of 在尽头；在末端(指时间或空间的一个终点)by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于(2)come to an end 结束put/bring sth.to an end 结束make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出put an end to sth. 结束；终结(3)end up with 以结束i must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。they didnt know how to put_an_end_to_the_quarrel.他们不知道如何结束这场争吵。smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end_up_with sweet dreams.(2010江西高考单项填空)你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，即可终得美梦。3a (great) number of许多；大量的教材原句such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。now a (great) number of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. but the number of posts available for them is often not enough.如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。a great many syrian refugees have crowded into jordan since june, 2012.自从2012年6月份以来，大量的叙利亚难民涌入约旦境内。the poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by the large quantities of food in the big city.大城市里大量丰富的食品给这个来自小山村的穷苦的小女孩留下了深刻的印象。短语对点集训.完成句子1we need an immediate reply.i see. ill send the paper to you right_away (立刻)2i have been deeply impressed by a_number_of_experiences (丰富的经历) in her life.3the life of any hit product will come_to_an_end (结束) someday.4the whole city lay in_ruins (破败不堪) after the earthquake.5many women are_trapped_in (陷入了)loveless marriages nowadays.6for hundreds of years the statue has remained buried_in (埋于) an underground cave.单项填空1he was _ by his colleagues though he himself didnt think he had done anything outstanding.athought little of bpoorly thought ofchighly thought of dthought nothing of解析：选c句意：他的同事对他评价很高，尽管他认为自己并没做什么出色的事。think highly of “对评价高”。2nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.ais working bworkscwork dworked解析：选c由nowadays可以得出应该用一般现在时，又因为a number of 修饰主语时谓语动词用复数，所以a、b两项不对。教师备课参考注意“a (great) number of名词复数”和“the number of名词复数”作主语时的区别。a number of people _ learning english nowadays.yes. the number of people who are learning english _ increasing.ais; isbare; arecare; is dis; are解析：选ca number of “许多”，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式； the number of .“的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。3we dont need to do extra work this evening. todays work is almost _ now.aat the end bat an endcin the end dby the end解析：选bat an end “结束；终结”；at the end of “在终结时；在尽头”；by the end of “在底时”，一般指时间；in the end “最后；终于”。根据句意，b为正确答案。1in the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里的鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。tooadj./adv.(for sb.)to do sth.表示否定的意义，意思是“太而不能”。the problem is too difficult for her to solve.问题太难了，她无法解决。(1)当too .to .用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义(2)cant/can never .too .再怎么也不过分he was too eager to know the result of his examination.他迫切想知道考试的结果。you cant_be_too_careful while crossing the street.过马路时你再怎么小心也不过分。2it_seemed_as_if the world was at an end!好像世界末日到了！it seemed (to sb.) that/as if . “(对某人来说)似乎”。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。hurry up! it looks as if it is going to rain.快点！看起来好像要下雨了。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。when a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.(2011湖南高考单项填空)杰克没说什么，但是老师向他微笑，好像他之前做的是明智之举似的。名师指津如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。he opened his mouth as if to_say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。链接高考(2012北京高考)dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.ais bwerechas been dhad been解析：选b考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎；好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。3all hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not . not all .，意为“并非所有的都”。all these books are not popular with people. not all these books are popular with people.这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。every boy is not interested in sports. not_every_boy is interested in sports.并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。both of the two math problems are not very difficult. not_both_of the two math problems are very difficult.这两道数学题并非都很难。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。i knew that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.(2011湖南高考单项填空)我知道没有什么能够阻碍他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演的想法。句型对点集训.句型转换1the old man was lying on the ground as if he was hurt badly.the old man was lying on the ground as if hurt badly.2you must be very careful when you do your homework.you cant be too careful when you do your homework.3its impossible for all the people to get jobs because all of them are not fit for them.its impossible for all the people to get jobs because not all of them are fit for them.单项填空1(2012陕西高考)i _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.awont bcantccan dwill 解析：选b考查情态动词的用法。句意：当我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我对你怎样感谢也不过分。cant . too much 表示“怎样也不过分”。2eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.awas happening bhappenschas happened dhappened解析：选d考查虚拟语气。句意： 伊丽莎准确记得所有事情，就像发生在昨天一样。从句意看as if引导的状语从句与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用一般过去时。3(2010江西高考)swimming is my favorite sport. there is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.asomething banythingcnothing deverything解析：选c考查不定代词。根据题干语境可知，此处为否定句式表达最高级意思。故用nothing。there is nothing like .“没有什么更能了”。定语从句()1(2012北京西城区高三期末)the great wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to beijing.awhy bwhichcwhen dwhere解析：选b分析句子结构可知，“_almost all tourists would like to visit”为定语从句，修饰先行词the place，关系代词在从句中充当visit的宾语，因此选b。2(2012广西百所高中联考)children between the ages of 3 and 6 attend kindergartens, _ are often run by the government.awhich bthatcwhere dwho解析：选a句意：三至六岁的孩子上幼儿园，这些幼儿园通常是由政府开办的。后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词kindergartens，关系代词which在从句中作主语。3(2013青岛模拟)you will have to wait for one mor