白开水替代饮料和果汁.doc

Women who choose plain water over sweet fizzy drinks or fruit juice, have a lower risk of developing diabetes. 用白开水替代泡沫丰富的饮料和果汁喝的妇女患有糖尿病的风险较低。 Replacing sweet drinks with water could help stave off the metabolic disorder, according to researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health.But adding water to the sugary beverages a person consumes throughout the day wont make a difference, they said. 哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究人员认为用白开水替代味甜的饮料可避免新陈代谢紊乱。然而，整天将含糖饮料兑水喝却区别不大，他们补充道。 Study: Women who choose plain water over sweet fizzy drinks or fruit juice, have a lower risk of developing diabetes. 研究： 用白开水替代泡沫丰富的饮料和果汁喝的妇女患有糖尿病的风险较低。 The results are based on the drinking habits of 83, 000 women followed for more than a decade. 该研究结果经过对83000名妇女的饮水习惯进行长达10年的跟踪研究得出。 Lead researcher Dr Frank Hu said it is well established that sugary beverages are bad for diabetes risk. 研究带头人Frank Hu博士称，众所周知含糖饮料会增加糖尿病风险。 People have recommended drinking plain water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages, he said, and the question is whether this kind of substitution has any impact on diabetes. 人们建议用白开水替代含糖饮料，他说，“问题是这样做，能给糖尿病带来什么影响。” Dr Hu and his team collected data from the massive Nurses Health Study, which tracked the health and lifestyle of tens of thousands of women across the U.S. Frank Hu博士和他的队伍从追踪过美国成千上万名妇女的健康和生活方式的护士健康研究中收集了大量数据。 The study included 82, 902 women who answered questions about their diet and health over a 12-year span.该项研究对82902名妇女就她们的饮食和健康进行长达12年的调查。 Over time, about 2, 700 of them developed diabetes. 随着时间的推移，约有2700名妇女患上了糖尿病。 The amount of water women drank did not seem to influence their diabetes risk - those who drank more than six cups a day had the same risk as women who drank less than one cup a day.However, sugar-sweetened drinks and fruit juice were tied to a higher risk of diabetes - about 10 per cent higher for each cup consumed each day.妇女的饮水量似乎并不影响患糖尿病的风险每日饮入6杯水的妇女患病的风险与每天饮入不足1杯的相差不大。然而，含糖饮料和果汁与患糖尿病高风险直接相关每日喝入1杯，可增加约10%的风险。 The research team estimated that if women replaced one cup of fizzy drink or fruit juice with one cup of plain water, their diabetes risk would fall by 7 or 8 per cent.While it is not a huge reduction in the risk, because diabetes is so prevalent in our society, even 7 or 8 per cent reduction in diabetes risk is quite substantial in terms of the population, Dr Hu said. 研究队伍估计如果妇女用1杯白开水替代1杯泡沫丰富的饮料和果汁， 她们患上糖尿病的风险将降低7%-8%。尽管该风险下降得并不明显，“因为糖尿病在我们社会非常普遍，即便是7%-8%的下降，其涉及的人口也相当庞大。” Frank Hu博士称。 About 10 per cent of women, or 12.6million, have diabetes in the U.S.A 7 per cent reduction would mean that instead of ten out of every 100 women having diabetes, the number would be closer to nine out of every 100. 在美国，约有10%，或1260万妇女患有糖尿病。风险降低7%意味着得糖尿病的人数将同每100名妇女中有10人下降至9人。 Dr Hus study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, also found that unsweetened coffee or tea might be a good alternative to sugary beverages. Frank Hu博士的研究发表在美国临床营养学杂志中，该研究发现，使用不含糖的咖啡和茶代替含糖饮料也是不错的选择。 The researchers estimated that replacing one cup of a carbonated drink or fruit juice with one cup of coffee or tea could reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 12 to 17 per cent. 研究人员预计用咖啡和茶代每替代1瓶碳酸饮料和果汁会将得糖尿病的风险降低12%-17%。 Dr Hu said the study is important in pointing out that fruit juice is not an optimal substitute for soda or other sugar-sweetened drinks.He said: The reality is those juices contain the same amount of calories and sugar as soft drinks.Frank Hu博士说该研究的意义在于，它表明果汁并非苏打或其它含糖饮料的理想替代品。他说：“事实上，这些果汁所含的卡路里及糖份与其它软饮料中的含量一样。” The bottom line, he said, is that plain water is one of the best calorie-free choices for drinks, and if the water is too plain, you can add a squeeze of lemon or lime. 归根结底，他说，白开水是最好的热量为0的饮料，如果你觉得白开水实在没有味道，你也可以添加点柠檬或酸橙。 Dr Barry Popkin, a professor at the University of North Carolina School of Public Health who was not involved in the study, said: It is essentially not that water helps, except with hydration, but that the others hurt.北卡罗来纳大学公共卫生学院的Barry Popkin博士没有参与本研究，他说：“饮入的白水除了水合作用，帮助并不大，关键是其它饮料有害。”1. Think positive, use affirmations, tell yourself you willgive it your best shot.乐观思考，自我肯定，告诉自己会全力以赴。2. Adequate exercise, healthy eating and regular sleep are also keys tostaying in top shapefor exams.充足的锻炼、健康的饮食、以及规律的作息对保持最佳考试状态也至关重要。3. She used toget into a stateas exams approached.她以前在考试到来之前总是非常紧张。4. Gaokao is definitely not atest you cancram for.高考不是突击学习就能考好的。5. Its not a good idea to take the exam on an empty stomach. So dontskipyour breakfast.空腹考试可不是个好主意，所以别不吃早餐。6. He isgrinding awayat the examination.他正在拼命用功准备考试。7. I used tostress outover tests like you wouldnt believe: sweaty palms, sick stomach, headaches.你都想不到我以前考试前有多紧张：手心出汗、