Language points.doc

Language points一、一周知识概述 1 、重点单词 recognize, continue, attend, earn, besides, precious, quality, mystery, jewellery, marry, worth 2 、重点词组 call on, bring back, pay off, at most, act out, day and night 3 、交际用语（1）征求许可（Ask for permission） Could we/I ? May/Can I ? Shall we ? Is it possible? Do you mind ? （2）讨论可能（Talk about possibilities） It cant be It could He might They must 4 、情态动词（must/ can/could, may/might）表示猜测某人或某事现在情况的用法。 （1）有把握的猜测 must, cant ( 一定是，想必是 ；不可能 ) e.g. He must be a student. 他肯定是个学生。 Jim cant be in the room. You see, the lights is out. 吉姆不可能在房间里。你看，房里没有灯光。He cant be a dentist. He must be a doctor. 他不可能是牙医，他肯定是医生。 （2）不十分有把握的猜测 can, may, could, might ( 可能是，也许会 ) ( might 和 could 不是过去时态，它们也表示“ 现在的推测”，但在语气上较委婉或可能性更小 一些。 ) e.g. You could borrow some jewellery from your friend. 你也许能从你的朋友那里借到一些珠宝吧。 But you may not remember me. 但是你可能不记得我了。 Where will he go? 他会去哪儿？ He may go to the cinema. Im not sure. 他可能看电影去了。我不确定。 二、重点单词、词组及句子 （一）重点单词 1 、 mystery n. thing of which the cause or origin is hidden or impossible to explain C 神秘的事 e.g. How the Pyramids were built is still a mystery. 金字塔是怎样建造起来的仍然是个谜。 U 神秘的状态；神秘处 e.g. The ladys mystery makes her charming. 那位女士的神秘处正是她的魅力所在。 mysterious adj. full of mystery 神秘的 e.g. a mysterious look/action 神秘的表情/行动 a mysterious event/letter 神秘事件/信 2 、 scared adj . frightened 惊恐的，恐惧的 e.g. Im scared of ghosts so that I never go out alone at night. 我怕鬼以至晚上我从不单独出门。 比较 scary adj. causing fear or alarm 引起恐慌的 e.g. Its a scary ghost story. 那是个吓人的鬼故事。 3 、 recognize ( recognise ) vt. （1） know again ( sb. or sth.) that one has seen, heard etc. before 认出；识别 e.g. I recognized her voice over the phone. 我在电话里听出了她的声音来了。 He was so changed that I could hardly recognized him. 他变化如此大，我几乎认不出他了。 recognize & know 的比较 recognize 指瞬间性的动作； know 是状态性动词； recognize 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 e.g. 我是 5 年前认识他的。 I recognize him for 5 years. I knew him 5 years ago. I got to know him 5 years ago. I have known him for 5 years. （2）作动词，意为“承认”。 e.g. The Peoples Republic of China was recognized by many countries as soon as shewas founded. 中华人民共和国一成立就被许多国家承认。 I recognized that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。 （3） be recognized as 被认为是 e.g. He wasnt recognized as a great writer until after his death. 他直到死后才被看作是位伟大的作家了。 （4） recognize sth./sb. to be 认为，看作 e.g. We recognize him to be a great leader. 我们认为他是位伟大的领袖。4 、 jewellery ( jewelery ) n.U ornaments, e.g. rings and necklaces, esp. made of a valuable metal and sometimes set with jewels 珠宝；首饰 This diamond necklace is my most valuable piece of jewellery. 这串钻石项链是我最珍贵的首饰。 She locked her jewels(jewellery )in the safe. 她将珠宝锁进保险柜。 jewellery 是不可数名词，而 jewel 是可数名词 5 、 continue v. （1） go on existing or happening; not stop 继续存在或不断发生；不停 e.g. Wet weather may continue( last ) for a few more days. 多雨的天气可能还要持续好几天。 He continued to live with his parents after his marriage. 结婚后，他继续和他父母住在一起。 （2） start again after stopping, resume （停止后）再开始；（中断后）再继续 e.g. The story is continued in the next issue of the magazine. 这个故事在该杂志的下一期里继续刊载。 We continued to rehearse/rehearsing the play after the break. 休息之后我们继续排练戏剧。 6 、 marry v. take sb. as a husband or wife 与某人结婚；嫁或娶某人 （1）作及物动词，意为“嫁”、“娶”，接宾语；当表示“与结婚”，不能说 marry with sb. 而应为 marry sb. e.g. Her daughter married a handsome man. 她女儿嫁了个英俊的小伙子。 John is going to marry Helen. 约翰将娶海伦。/约翰将和海伦结婚。 （2）作不及物动词，意为“结婚”。 e.g. They love each other, but still dont marry. 他们互相爱慕，但仍未结婚。 Is Jack married? 杰克结婚了吗？ ( be married ) He got married last year. 他去年结婚了。 ( get married ) John has been married to Helen for 15 years. (be/get married to do sb) 约翰与海伦结婚已经 15 年了。 7 、 worth having the stated value 有某种价值 （1）接钱数，构成 be worth + money 意为“相当于的价值”。 e.g. That is no real diamond. Its made of glass. It is not worth much. 那不是真正的钻石，是玻璃制的，不值什么钱。 It was worth five hundred francs at most. 它最多值 500 法郎。 （2） worth 后常接名词（代词）或动词的 -ing 形式，组成(be) worthsth./doing 结构。(deserving of 值得) The museum is (not) worth visiting/a visit. 那个博物馆很不值得一看。 His suggestion is well worth considering/consideration. 他的建议很值得考虑。 Dont lock the door; it isnt worth it. 别锁门了，不值得锁。 (worth it:useful 值得一做) 8 、 attend v. go regularly to ( a place ); be present at 照例去（某处）；出席 常见短语： attend school/church; attend the meeting/lecture 等。 e.g. Many people attended the meeting. 许多人出席了会议。 They had a quiet weddingonly a few friends attended it. 他们的婚礼静悄悄的 只有几个朋友参加。 9 、 besides prep. in addition to ( sb./sth. ) 除之外还有 e.g. There were five other guests for dinner besides John. 除约翰外还有五位客人吃饭。 此外 besides 还可作 adv. ( in addition; also ) ，表示“而且，此外”。 e.g. It was too late to go there. Besides, its going to rain. 去那儿天太晚了，而且还要下雨。 比较 besides 和 beside 虽然两个单词看起来相似，都是介词但却是不相干的两个词。 beside prep. 在旁边 e.g. a house beside the river 河边的房子 与 无关 e.g. Thats beside the question. 那是离题了。 比较： out of the question 完全不行的10 、 dress （1）作“礼服”讲时，是指礼仪、应酬等特殊场合下穿着的正式服装，如： an evening dress 晚礼服 a full dress 大礼服 （2）dress 作可数名词时，指妇女的连衣裙。妇女的上装是 coat 或 jacket, 如 a coat/jacket and skirt ( 一套上装和裙子 ) 。 coat 还有“上衣”、“大衣”、或 “外套” 的意思。男上 衣也叫 coat 或 jacket. （3） dress 作不可数名词时，作“服装”解，是男女服装的总称，尤其指外衣。例如： e.g. He doesnt care much about dress. 他不太注意衣着。（服装，衣着） In this old play, the actors wear the dress of 200 years ago. 在这个古老的戏中，演员们都穿着 200 年以前的服装。（服装，衣着） I havent got an evening dress for the ball. 我没有舞会的晚礼服啊！（礼服） （二）重点词组 1 、 call on & call at call on ： pay a short visit to sb. 访问，看望，拜访（某人）常用于进行短时访问、拜访。 call at ： pay a short visit to some places usu. sbs house 访问（某处）一般指“家”e.g. Its a pity he was out when we called on him. 我们去看望他时他出去了，真遗憾！（看望某人） Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk with him. 昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生 ，并同他作了长时间的交谈。 （to visit sb. formally, either socially or on business 正式的社交或业务往来） He always calls at our house before he got married. 他结婚前经常到我们房子来看看。 与 call 有关的词组： call after ：追在 后面喊；以（某人的）名字为命名 call away ：叫走；把 叫开 call back ：召回；收回；回电话 call for ：要求；需要；提倡；为争取 而呼吁 call in ：召来；召集；来访 call off ：叫走，支开；放弃，取消 call up ：打电话；回忆起；应征入伍 2 、 bring about & bring back bring about ： 带来；造成 e.g. The reformation brings about great changes for our school. 改革给我们学校带来巨大的变化。 bring back ： 带回来；使回忆起；使恢复 e.g. Please bring back my notebook from the classroom. 请帮我把笔记本从教室里带回来。 His story brought back our happy childhood together. 他讲的故事使我们联想到幸福的童年。 This new medicine brought me back to health quickly. 这种新药使我很快恢复了健康。(bring sb. back to health 使某人恢复健康) 与 bring 有关的重要词组： bring down ：使 下降，倒下；击落 bring up ：教育，教养（儿童）；提出（议题，计划）；打断 bring in ：引进；赚钱，获利；收（庄稼等） bring to an end ：结束 bring to life ：使 苏醒 bring to light ：发现；将 公之于世 bring to mind ：想起 bring to pass ：使发生；促成 3 、pay back, pay for & pay off pay back ：偿还，还钱给某人 pay for ：付 款 pay off ：还清 e.g. We must pay the money back to you tomorrow. 我们明天一定还你钱。 He paid 10 yuan for the pen. 他买这支笔付了 10 元钱。 He paid off all the debts on time. 他按时把债还清了。（pay off ones debt 还清债务） 4 、 because & because of （1）because 和 because of 意义相同，但 because 是连词，引导原因状语从句，而 because of 是介词，和后面的名词或动词 -ing 形式连用，构成介词短语，在句中作状语。 e.g. Thats because of hard work. 那是因为十年劳累的缘故。 It was all because of that necklace. 这一切都由于那根项链。 （2）because of 是介词短语，跟名词或代词，意思与 because 一样，“为了，由于”。例如： e.g. Ill choose that suit because of its style. 由于那套服装的颜色我会选择它。 Mother got angry because of what you did. 妈妈因为你的所作所为而生气。 （3）由 because of 引导的介词短语，在句中通常用作状语。例如： e.g. He did not come because of the rain ( because it rained ). 他因为下雨没有来。 He cried because of the pain in his arm ( because he had a pain in his arm ). 他因为胳膊痛而哭了。 He dropped the pan because of the burning oil ( because the oil was burning ). 因为油烧起来了，所以他把锅扔下了。 5 、 take up （1）fill or occupy ( the specified space or time ) 填满，占据（某空间或时间） e.g. This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了。 Her time is fully taken up with writing. 她的时间都用于写作了。 （2）start or begin sth. esp a job 开始从事某事（尤指职业） She has taken up a job as a teacher 她当上老师了。 She takes up her duties next week. 她下周开始履行职责。 （三）重点句子 1 、 but I dont think I know you. 但是，我想我不认识你。 But I dont think we can go. 但是，我想我们不能去。 注意：这两句话的英语表达方式与汉语不同。汉语主句中的动词“想”用肯定式，而宾语从句中的动词用否定式。英语则相反。一般来说，在英语中，假如主句动词是 think, suppose 这类的动词，后接从句要表达否定，其否定形式应该前移到主句。 e.g. I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。 I dont suppose I shall be back until 8 oclock. 我想八点以前我回不来。 I dont think he will come. 我认为他不会来。 2 、 But, just this once. After all, this ball is very important. 不过，就只这么一次。这次舞会毕竟很重要。 （1） just this once 是一个单成分句（one-member sentence），其本身是一个相对完整的语言单 位，不需要增补其它的句子成分，意思是承接上文而来 虽然要花一大笔钱，但是要花就花 这一次吧。在第一场里也有类似的单成分句： Years of hard work, very little food, only a small cold room to live in and never a moments rest. 这个单成分句是由四个名词词组 构成的。 （2） after all“毕竟”、“终究”、“到底”，它有两个含意： “要知道”、“别忘了”，表示说话人对别人的态度，用来说服或提醒对方，引出听话 人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或理由。在表示这个意思时，一般把 after all 放在句首。课 文的句子就有这层含意。又如： I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After all, she is fifteen; shes not a child any more. 我想我们应当让她独自去度假。（要知道）她毕竟已经 15 岁，不再是孩子了。 Why is he not allowed to stay here? After all, its his home. 为什么不让他呆在这儿呢？（要知道）这毕竟是他的家。 Its not surprising youre tired. After all, you were up until eleven last night! 难怪你感到疲倦。别忘了，你昨天晚上 11 点才睡觉呢。 “虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预期的情况相反”，表示说话人意思的转折，有“虽然，但 毕竟”的含意。在表示这层意思时， after all 一般放在句末。例如： Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it wasnt real one after all. 玛蒂尔德原以为那是一条钻石项链，但那终归不是真的钻石项链。 Although they met with difficulties, I hear that theyve succeeded after all. 他们虽然碰到了困难，但我听说他们终究还是成功了。 3 、 Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball. 我和比尔在舞会上的确玩得很痛快。 （1）注意本句中的 Pierre and I, 一般不说 I and Pierre. 英语中习惯把别人放在前面，而把自己 放在后面，以示谦逊，如 he and I, my brother and I, Mr. White and I, 而汉语通常说“我 和他”、“我和弟弟”、“我和怀特先生”。例如： Mr. White and I were invited to the ball. 我和怀特先生受到邀请参加舞会。 My brother and I worked day and night to keep the family. 我和我兄弟为了养家糊口而日夜操劳。 但在承认错误的时候，英语往往是把 I 放在其他人的前面，以示勇于认错。例如： I and Mr. White are to blame. 我和怀特先生都应当负责。 I and my brother made the mistake. 我和我兄弟犯了这个错误。 （2）Pierre and I did have a good time 中的 did 是助动词，用在肯定句中，起强调作用，带有 感情色彩，可译成“真的”、“的确”等词语。其后的动词要用原形。又如： You do look nice today. 你今天看来真是漂亮。 He does speak well. 他的确会说话。 We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。 4 、 Years of hard work, very little food, only a small cold room to live in, and never a moments rest. 数年辛劳，食不果腹，屈居寒舍，片刻也不得休息。 这是个单成分句，由四个名词词组组成。这种句子是一个相对完整的语言单位，不需要增补其他的成分。这句话可理解为： We had ten years of hard work but we had little food to eat. We had only a small room to live in and we never had a moments rest. 句中的 to live in 是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰 room. 动词不定式作定语有两种情况。 与所修饰的词有动宾关系（若动词不定式是不及物动词，必须加上适当的介词）。例如： I have a lot of work to do today. 他今天有许多工作要做。 He is a nice man to work with. 他是一个能与之一起好好工作的人。 与所修饰的词有主谓关系，