中考英语语法复习资料 第一部分 词法 考点十一 非谓语动词(1).doc

中考考点十一：非谓语动词一、动词不定式1.动词不定式作宾语。1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。i hope _(hear)from you soon .2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth he found it difficult _(get) to sleep.3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。after working for a long time, he has to stop _(have ) a rest .he was very tired, so he had to stop _(work).2.动词不定式作宾语补。1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth please ask him _(come) quickly.2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .he made the baby _(stop) crying . the baby was made _ _ crying.3.动词不定式作主语1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。to do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = it +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth to get an injection is a little painful. _ a little painful _ _ an injection4.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后：名词或代词+to do(介词)注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。i want a pen to write _. i want a piece of paper to write _.5.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth 注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.can you tell me how i can get to the hospital? can you tell me _ _ _ the hospital?6.动词不定式可作状语1).动词不定式可作目的状语 在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。he came here _(get)his book.2).动词不定式可作原因状语表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语he was glad _(see) his wife.3).动词不定式可作结果状语在tooto , not enough to 句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。he was too tired _(walk) on .7.动词不定式作表语 be + to do sth 注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。her wish is _(become) a doctor . _ _ is her wish.8.动词不定式的否定形式 在动词不定式的前面加not .he told me _(not stay) here .9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。1).动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。edisons mother taught him to write and read. i havent decided to go home or to go to the cinema.2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。will you take a walk with me? im glad to. would you like to join my birthday party? i would love to .二、动名词1.动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。reading in bed _(be) bad for your eyes.2.有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。三、现在分词1.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。i saw the boy_(play)in the street just now .2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping.did you know the man talking to mr li?=did you know the man who was talking to mr li?3.现在分词表伴随情况he came into the classroom, carrying a book.四、过去分词1.作宾补 have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事i had my tv repaired last night.2.作定语单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。have