XX年考研营业翻译试题答案和分析.doc

XX年考研营业翻译试题答案和分析 Thereis,aordingly,amarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,aslongashereallylivesinsteadofjustcontinuingtosubsist,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.Whileitmaybesaid,withoutexaggeration,thatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitution,economic,domestic,political,legal,religious,isitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;yetthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive,whichislimitedandmoreimmediatelypractical.(命题专家把这个句子改写为：Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience,butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive)可以说，要衡量任何社会制度价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitution,itseffectuponthequalityandextentofconsciouslife,noted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.(命题专家改为：Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted.andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution。)这种制度的副产品只有逐步得到认识；而在实施这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有直接作用的时间则更加缓慢。Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld#39;sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionasparedwithphysicaloutput. Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfact,gainsinimportance.Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,ortosubordinatethateducativeeffecttosomeexternalandtangibleresult,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.(命题专家改为：whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition.itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.)在我们和年轻人接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行动对他们性格的影响，在与成年人交往的过程中则并非如此简单。Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaomplishachangeintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofaount.Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinamonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成这种力量，这种力量可以确保我们获得能力。Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffect-itseffectuponconsciousexperience-wemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung.该试题是：典型的学术论说型文体，原文讨论的是ThePlaceofFormalEducation.(正规教育的地位)，试题的具体是JohnDewey的专著DemocracyandEducation(麦克米兰公司1916年出版)。09年考研翻译试题截取了这本书第一章的部分内容，并做了修改，我把原文和09年试题专家改动后的部分一一对比在下面文章中。 Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation-thatofdirecttuitionorschooling. 因此，在上述(目前为止已经考虑到的)广泛的教育过程中，可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformalteachingandtraining.Savagegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepsadultsloyaltotheirgroup.Theyhavenospecialdevices,material,orinstitutionsforteachingsaveinconnectionwithinitiationceremoniesbywhichtheyouthareinductedintofullsocialmembership.Forthemostpart,theydependuponchildrenlearningthecustomsoftheadults,acquiringtheiremotionalsetandstockofideas,bysharinginwhattheeldersaredoing.Inpart,thissharingisdirect,takingpartintheoupationsofadultsandthusservinganapprenticeship;inpart,itisindirect,throughthedramati