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WritingI. Argumentation两个事物或者两个观点，让你任选自己支持的一方；或者是一个事物或一个观点，问你是支持还是反对。Example:University graduates receive higher salaries than those who have a lower education. Therefore, some people say such students should pay for all their tuition fees. To what extent do you agree or disagree?II. Explanation一个现象，让你说明原因或给出解决方法等。Example:Nowadays it is difficult for university graduates to find a job. Analyze the individual and social reasons and offer some solutions.1. argumentation1.1 一边倒写法(1) 总体结构开头段理由段1理由段2（理由段3）结尾段开头段写法一：（背景）双方观点说出自己的观点（引起下文）理由段每个理由段是由表达单一中心思想的一组句子构成，包括一个主题句和若干个支持句。结尾段重申观点（重申理由）（提出建议或希望等）(2) 各段模版式句型开头段的背景部分Recently, whether _ has triggered a heated discussion.With the advance of human civilization, an increasing number of people have raised doubts about whether _.When it comes to _, people from different backgrounds hold different attitudes._ plays such an important role that it inevitably becomes the biggest concern of the present world.The debate as to whether the _ is a blessing or a curse draws concern everywhere.开头段介绍双方观点Some /many /most/ a majority of / quite a few/ a sizable percentage of people assert/ contend/ hold/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ claim/ suggest/ think/ believe/ proclaim/ advocate/ hold the view/ hold the opinion/ are of the opinion/ have the idea/ point out / take the view that _. But/ however/ nevertheless/ on the other hand, other people stand on a very different ground. They assert/ contend/ hole/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ claim/ suggest/ think/ believe/ proclaim/ advocate/ / hold the view/ hold the opinion/ are of the opinion/ have the idea/ point out / take the view that _.Some /many /most/ a majority of / quite a few/ a sizable percentage of people assert/ contend/ hold/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ claim/ suggest/ think/ believe/ proclaim/ advocate/ hold the view/ hold the opinion/ are of the opinion/ have the idea/ point out / take the view that _. But/ however/ nevertheless/ on the other hand, there are also some /many /most/ a majority of / quite a few/ a sizable percentage of people who are strongly opposed to their opinion/ view.开头段说出自己的观点In my opinion, _.As far as I am concerned, _.Personally speaking, _.I am convinced that _. For my part, the advantages far outweigh the drawbacks.With views of both sides considered, I assert/ contend/ hole/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ claim/ suggest/ think/ believe/ proclaim/ advocate/ / hold the view/ hold the opinion/ are of the opinion/ have the idea/ point out / take the view that _.Certainly, I am aware that both methods have potential pitfalls. Nevertheless, from my point of view, I vote for _. 开头段引起下文The reasons are presented below.A number of explanations account for my point.There are numerous reasons why I hold this view, and I would explore a few of the most important ones here.My arguments for this point are listed as follows.第一个理由段的主题句To begin with, _.First and foremost, _.For one thing, _. One very strong argument is that _.First, it is obvious/ clear/ apparent that _.One of the primary causes is that _ .第二个理由段的主题句Second / next/ besides/ furthermore, _.In addition, _.For another, _.More importantly, _. It might also be noticed that _.Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that _. 第三个理由段的主题句Finally/ thirdly/ moreover/ what is more, _.Most importantly, _. Finally, the incomparable advantage of this view is that _.As a matter of fact, _. However, it cannot be denied that _. 结尾段的第一句To sum up, _.All in all, I should say that _. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that _. Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that _.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that _. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that _.(3) 模版操练Model One_. Some people suggest that _. But on the other hand, there are also many people who strongly advocate that _. For my part, I absolutely agree with the former/ latter point of view. The reasons are presented below.The first reason that can be seen by everyone is that _. _. _. Another factor that we must consider is that _. _. _. The third and very important reason is that _. _. _.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that _. _. What is more, _.Model Two_. Quite a few people have the idea that _. Nevertheless to the same issue, many others point out that_. Which you prefer depends on your own experience, life style. I am convinced that _.One very strong argument is that _. _. _.What is also worth noticing is that _. _. _. In addition, _. _. _.Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that _. Task:Some people hold that it is the TV that alienates the relationship of family members. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Sample:As one of the most important inventions of the past century, TV is playing an increasingly important role in modern life. Quite a few people have the idea that television makes family relationship not as close as before. Nevertheless, towards the same issue, many others point out that television does not have negative effects on traditional families. Which you prefer depends on your own experiences, life style and emotional concern. I am convinced that TV has brought about alienation among family members.One very strong argument is that watching TV takes up our time to communicate with our families. TV provides a ready means of relaxation for people who spend their days doing routine and busy jobs. As soon TV enters into our home, most of our spare time is controlled by it. What is more, the one-eyed monster requires absolute silence and attention. If any member dares to open his mouth, the others will order him to shut up immediately. As a result, we communicate less with our family members.What is also worth noticing is that families often quarrel over what programs they should watch. Thanks to hardworking TV workers, we enjoy more TV channels and more colorful TV programs. Yet a question has arisen: it is difficult for families to choose a common channel because they have different interests. It is inevitable to give rise to quarrel among them.In addition, poor-quality TV programs can have severe effects on family relationships. For example, a person who watches too many idealized programs may become unrealistic. Moreover, unhealthy programs which contain obscene and violent contents may stir peoples curiosity.Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that TV indeed has led to alienation among family members. We should be aware of the problem. Something should be done as soon as possible to protect the families from the negative influences of TV. For instance, we had better cut down the time spent in front of the little screen and spend more time with our families together.1.2 对称式写法(1) 总体结构分为四段；第一段：简单说一下争议的问题，不要给出自己的观点。第二段、第三段：双方观点各占一段，分别论述。第四段：给出自己的观点。开头段的写法一般写三句左右。（背景）双方观点引起下文。第二段、第三段段落展开的方法这两段的第一句话一般是一段的总述。之后对第一句话(topic sentence)进行展开。如果能想出三个理由，每个理由写两句话左右。如果只能想出两个理由，每个理由写三句话左右。第四段的写法一般写四句左右。先旗帜鲜明地说出自己的观点，应该和第三段中的观点一致，然后再各用一句话重申第三段中的两个或三个理由。(2) 各段模版式句型开头段引起下文It is quite understandable that people from different backgrounds put up with divergent attitudes to the same issue.Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments.Views on this issue vary from person to person.This issue is so controversial that people can hardly reach an absolute consensus.This is a controversial issue, which often sparks heated discussions among people.第二段第一句Those who favor that _ give their reasons as follows.Those who strongly believe that _ have sound reasons for it.There are several reasons which suggest that _.Some (people) are of the opinion that _.Many people argue that _.第三段第一句However, the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, holding/ arguing/ saying that _.On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly argue that _.Some people approach this issue from another standpoint. They claim that _. Nevertheless, further analysis would make it clear that _.第四段第一句With views of both sides examined, I believe that _.To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well grounded. In my opinion, _.From what has been mentioned above, it can be seen that there is some truth in both sides. Personally, I support the latter opinion that _.Taking into account both sides of the argument, I think that _.From my own perspective, _.(3) 模版操练Model_. A sizable percentage of people argue that _. Others, on the other hand, claim that _. Before presenting my opinion, I think it is important to take a glance at the arguments on both sides.Those people who strongly believe that _ have cogent reasons for it. For one thing, _. _. Next, _. _. More importantly, _. _.However, further analysis would make it clear that _. First and foremost, _. _. Moreover, _. _. Thirdly, _. _.From the above analysis and discussion, anyone can safely conclude that _. _. _. What is more, _. TaskShould experiments be conducted on animals for the benefit of human beings?Sample:Since human being appeared in the world, animals have always been accompanying us. They are of great help in many aspects. For instance, they help a lot in medical experiments. A sizable percentage of people argue that animals should not be used for testing medical techniques and drugs. Others, on the other hand, claim that without animal testing, some patients would suffer or even die from their disease. Before presenting my opinion, I think it is important to take a glance at the arguments on both sides.Those people who strongly believe that we should use animals in experiments have cogent reasons for it. For one thing, animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs. It would be cruel that some people die of a disease because there is not enough information about it. Next, at present there are no better methods to replace animal tests. Therefore, animal tests are still regarded as the only reliable and feasible method. More importantly, animals such as monkeys or rabbits which are used in experiments are easily bred. Furthermore, most countries set standards for animal treatment in test, and labs have regulations to prevent cruelty.However, further analysis would make it clear that animal testing should be stopped. First and foremost, animal test violate animals rights. Nothing seems more brutal than taking away a life, whether it belongs to a man or an animal. Moreover, not all the experiments are reliable. The treatment and drugs which are effective to animals do not always apply to and even have negative effects on humans. Thirdly, not all the experiments are necessary. With the development of technology, computer simulation can achieve similar results as well.From the above analysis and discussion, anyone can safely conclude that animals should not be used for testing medical techniques and drugs. As creatures animals enjoy the same rights as human being. Information from animals does not always work on humans. What is more, substitute methods have been discovered to take the place of animal tests.2. Explanation2.1 结构(1) 类似于argumentation一边倒结构，写四段或者五段。第一段：引出题目，然后引起下文。主体段落：写两段或三段。分别说出两到三个原因，一个原因占一段。先写一个topic sentence,然后写三句左右的支持句。最后一段：提出解决办法。先写一句概述，然后说出两到三个解决办法，一个解决办法写一句。(2) 类似于argumentation对称式结构，写四段。第一段：引出题目，然后引起下文。第二段：写原因。先写一句概述，然后说出两到三个原因，每个原因写两句话左右。第三段: 写解决办法。先写一句概述，然后说出两个或三个解决办法，每个解决办法写两句左右。第四段：总结。2.2 模版式句型(1) 基本等同一边倒结构开头段引起下文There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.It is crucial that we analyze the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions. From my own perspective, the causes are multiple.What factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a concern to many people. In my opinion, the following reasons should be taken into consideration.(2) 基本等同一边倒结构第一个原因段的主题句First of all / to begin with/ in the first place,_.One of the primary causes is that _.First, we can observe easily that _.We may look into every possible reason; however, the foremost/ primary reason for this is that _.Certainly no other reason in my decision is more crucial than the one as follows.(3) 基本等同一边倒结构第二个原因段的主题句Second/ secondly/ furthermore, _.It might also be noticed that _.What is also worth noticing is that _.The second factor that should be taken into consideration is that _.(4) 基本等同一边倒结构第三个原因段的主题句Third / moreover/ in addition, _.Most importantly, _.The third and very important reason is that _.Last but not least, _.(5) 基本等同一边倒结构结尾段In order to solve the problem, people come up with different solutions and here I would explore only two key ways. In the first place, _. In the second place, _.I strongly suggest that effective steps be taken as soon as possible to address the problem. First of all, _. Secondly, _. Finally, _.Given the severity of this phenomenon, we have no alternative / option but to take immediate / prompt action to address this situation/ problem. To begin with, _. Second, _. Last but not least, _.As to how to address the issue, various suggestions are put forward. The most important approach is that _. Second, _. Finally, _.(6) 基本等同对称式结构开头段引起下文It is of vital importance that we analyze the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions.It is not easy to find the reasons and solutions for this complicated phenomenon which involves several factors.(7) 基本等同对称式结构第二段The causes are multiple. In the first place, _. _. In the second place, _. _. What is more, _. _.To the best of my knowledge, the causes of this phenomenon are manifold. First of all, _. _. Next, _. _. Furthermore, _. _.It is not easy to find out the reasons for this complicated phenomenon which involves several factors. The main reason is that _. _. The second reason is that _. _. Furthermore, _. _.(8) 基本等同对称式结构第三段，参见上方(5)(9) 基本等同对称式结构第四段There are many reasons/ factors which result in this unpleasant / disturbing phenomenon and something must be done immediately to solve the problem before it gets worse.In short, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe with the joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be resolved eventually.2.3 模版操练Model:_. _. It is crucial that we analyze the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions. From my personal perspective, the causes are multiple.The main reason is that _. _._._.It might also be noticed that _. _._._.Furthermore, _. _._._.Considering the severity of this issue, we have no choice but to take stringent measures to address this problem. To begin with, _. _. Second, _. _. Last but not least, _. _. Task:Nowadays it is difficult for university graduates to find a job. Analyze the individual and social reasons and offer some solutions.Sample:The job market for college graduates is getting increasingly depressing. According to a survey, in 2005 only 60 percent of college graduates succeeded in getting a post. It is crucial that we analyze the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions. From my personal perspective, the causes are multiple.The main reason is that the world economy is in depression. It makes the prospect of job market worse than ever. At the same time, with the development of higher education, we experience a sharp rise in the number of college graduates. For example, in China, only half of high school graduates were admitted to colleges and universities in 1997, but in 2001 two-thirds of them entered colleges.It might also be noticed that nowadays university students cannot concentrate on studies. High technology brings them many interesting but distracting things such as TV, Internet and PC games. Some students are too addicted to these activities to take care of studies.Furthermore, some of the students are also very particular about the salary and the job location. Many college graduates set up a high payment standard, and they are reluctant to seek a position in the underdeveloped areas, where there are plenty of opportunities for success and career advance.Considering the severity of this issue, we have no choice but to take stringent measures to address this problem. To begin with, the government should take appropriate measures to promote economic development in order to