新视野大学英语全四册语法句型结构总结.doc

BOOK 1UNIT 1l While, “while”引导的状语从句与主句的意思相反l Not only , but also “not only”位于句首，因含有否定意义 “not”, not only 引导的句子应该用部分倒装，but also 引导的句子语序不变UNIT 2 l as / As, . “as”引导的时间状语从句，表示从句与从句的动作在同一时间发生。l While + V-ing, . “while”引导的时间状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。UNIT 3l Even though/Even if/ Although, even though/even if/although “即使”让步状语从句l 非谓语动词V-ed & V-ing 的一种用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。Conjunction + V-ing(与主语是主动关系), Subject (主语) + V 状语从句 主句Conjunction + V-ed(与主语是被动关系), Subject (主语) + V 状语从句 主句UNIT 4l 非谓语动词V-ed & V-ing 的一种用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。连词可以省略。V-ing(与主语是主动关系), Subject (主语) + V V-ed(与主语是被动关系), Subject (主语) + VSubject (主语) + V ，v-ing(与主语是主动关系), Subject (主语) + V，v-ed(与主语是被动关系), l so(that)UNIT 5l 定语从句 （Attributive Clause）l Despite / In spite of/ Regardless of , (“尽管” Despite后跟名词或名词性短语)UNIT 6l So/ Nor/ Neither 引导的部分倒装的省略句。（So表示“也”， Nor/ Neither “也不”。）l Even if/ even though / although UNIT 7l “have + object (宾语) + V-ed ” 宾语与V是被动关系l rather than 引导并列结构 “而不是”UNIT 8l 定语从句（Attributive Clause）l The more, the moreUNIT 9l If 引导的条件句中的谓语情态动词为should 的倒装结构，省略if, 将should 放于句首，从句中其他成分语序不发生变化，主句语序没有变化。l instead of “而不”UNIT 10l 状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）l what 引导的名词性从句（Noun Clause）(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)BOOK 2UNIT 1 l , much less (“更不用说”部分倒装)l , whereas(从句与主句意思相反)UNIT 2 l despite/ in spite of/ regardless of (后跟名词或名词性短语)l , neither/ nor (“也不”部分倒装)UNIT 3l not/ never too to (“再怎么也得”)l An appositional structure (同位语成分)UNIT 4l “it” 引导的形式主语l so/ as long as (只要)UNIT 5l “which”引导的定语从句l so thatUNIT 6 l As A is (to B), so is C (to D).l “V-ing” participle clause with a conjunction (连词加动词-ing形式的状语从句：从句与主句主语一致，省略从句主语，从句谓语动词与主句主语表主动关系，用谓语动词-ing形式)UNIT 7l ., in addition to other things / among other things (“除了其他事情之外”)l The more, the moreUNIT 8l 含否定意义的词或短语（如 On no account, Little, Not until, Hardly, Under no circumstances）位于句首所引导的部分倒装l While/ Although, UNIT 9l , even if/ even though (即使)l The more, the moreUNIT 10l , as though/ as if a subjunctive mood (“好像”条件句中的事件明显不真实，那条件句中应该使用虚拟语气)l “whichever + n + V.” whichever引导的名词性从句在主句中做主语、表语、宾语、同位语，whichever不能换为 no matter whichBOOK 3UNIT 1 l no matter how/ who/ what/ where/ which/ whether, ect. 让步状语从句 “无论”l Just as , Just as 引导的状语从句，“正如”UNIT 2 l 同位语(An appositional)l 独立主格结构（An Absolute Structure）连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，省略从句的连词，如果从句中的谓语动词与从句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式；如果从句中的谓语动词与从句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。UNIT 3 l As 引导的并列句 “正如”“in the way that” “in the manner that” “like”l Once, once 作为连词引导的时间状语从句 “一旦” “from the moment that”UNIT 4 l 独立主格结构l “连词+介词短语”结构 “conjunction + prepositional phrase”UNIT 5 l Not untill 引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句部分倒装：“Not untill 从句主语 +从句谓语 +主句谓语动词的助动词/ 主句系动词/主句情态动词+ 主句主语+ 之后的语序不变化 ”l 非谓语动词V-ing 的做状语的用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略连词、省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。V-ing(与主语是主动关系), Subject (主语) + V 状语Subject (主语) + V ，v-ing(与主语是主动关系), 状语UNIT 6 l so that “这样”l , which which 引导的非限定性定语从句UNIT 7 l As to + 名词/名词性短语/名词性从句, “至于”l There/ It is no use (point, sense,ect) (in) doing UNIT 8 l What if? “如果呢？”l with + n. + prepositional phraseUNIT 9 l whilel 含否定意义的词或短语位于句首所引导的部分倒装UNIT 10 l Whatever，whoever, whichever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句，可以替换为no matter what/ who/ which / where/ how, ect.l 将“If -clause”改写为 由“and” 连接的两个句字中的第一个句子，一般为祈使句 （表条件），第二个句子是第一个句子的结果。 BOOK 4UNIT 1l notother than “other than”表“除了”l would/ need/should/might/must have doneUNIT 2l if 引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构l it 作为形式主语UNIT 3l be + V-ed + to 注意语态和时态，尤其是to 后的语态和时态 “to be adj.” “to do” “to be done” “to have done” “to have been done”l V + to do / V + doingUNIT 4l rather than “而不是”引导并列成分l 倍数表达 “twice asas” “three times as as”UNIT 5l not/never so as. “不如”l Sb. Might as well do sth. “might as well” “不防”UNIT 6l It is + adj. +to do / that clausel Suppose 作为连词引导的条件从句，表 “如果”UNIT 7l “more than” 后跟一个名词或形容词，表 “not only” “having greater value or importance than something esle”l “nothing less than”后跟一个名词或形容词，强调“how surprising or important sth. is”UNIT 8l “mind ”表“object to” “dislike” “be annoyed by”,后跟“if-clause”“V-ing”l no