山东省巨野县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解自练（8）.doc

山东省巨野县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解自练（8）阅读理解-aan overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. the body s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten mcdonald s hamburger. american doctors tv ad features the image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line i was lovin it .the hard-hitting us television commercial supported by a washington-based medical group has angered mcdonald s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world s biggest fast-food chain this week. the line is a twist on mcdonald s long-standing advertising slogan, im lovin it” and a voiceover intones：“high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. tonight, make it vegetarian.” the commercial，funded by the physicians committee for responsible medicine ( pcrm ) goes further than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the chicago-based hamburger multinational and the broader restaurant industry. the national restaurant association criticised it as irresponsible and said it was an attempt to scare the public with a limited” view of nutrition. a mcdonald s spokesman said：this commercial is unbearable, misleading and unfair to all consumers. mcdonald s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices that are right for them. ” the commercial，to be aired at the beginning in the washington area but potentially in fuither us cities, comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the us about healthy eating. the first lady, michelle obamarhas made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets - particularly among american children，a third of whom are overweight. the economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. mcdonald s has enjoyed a relatively prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street restaurants. its global profits for the six months to june were up 12% to $ 2. 3billion, powered by sales rises both in the united states and britain. the pcrm s director of nutrition education, susan levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden arches(拱门)： “ mcdonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable. we feel we re making a point about all fast food when we talk about mcdonald s. ”1. the ad-maker makes a change in the mcdonald s slogan _.a. to warn people of risk of eating fast foodb. to convince people of cause of the deathc. to remind people of the man s preferenced. to accuse the mcdonald s of the murder答案解析：答案为a。由第二段 “the line is a twist on mcdonald s long-standing advertising slogan, im lovin it” and a voiceover intones: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. tonight, make it vegetarian.”可知，广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变是因为麦当劳的食物含有高胆固醇，它还会导致高血压，心脏病，因此广告商们警告人们吃麦当劳食物的危险，故答案为a。d选项“控告麦当劳谋杀”夸大了广告商的意图，故不选。2. the goal of this passage is to tell us that_.a. the tv commercial goes too farb. people enjoy eating fast food for its tastec. michelle obama s campaign doesn t workd. mcdonald s provides unhealthy food答案解析：答案为d。本题考查文章的写作目的。文章第一、二段介绍了广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变，意在警告人们麦当劳食物的危险性，后面的内容介绍了这样的广告惹怒了麦当劳和快餐饮食业，然而这种非盈利的广告还是得到了公众的支持，并且美国第一夫人michelle obama也在健康饮食运动中签字，最后一段重申了pcrm总会长susan levin的意见，对于打击麦当劳没有任何歉意，快餐食品危害人们的健康。因此，本文的写作目的就是告诉人们麦当劳的食物不健康。a、b、c都与写作目的无关，故不选。3. “the golden arches” in the last paragraph refers to _.a. the lineb. the adc. mcdonald sd. fast food答案解析：答案为c。本题为词义猜测题。由最后一段“the golden arches（金色的拱门）”后面的内容 “mcdonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable.”可知，“the golden arches”指代的是麦当劳，故答案为c。4. what is the theme of the passage?a. a fierce debate about healthy eatingb. mcdonald s targeted in us health adc. a us health ad advocates healthy lifed. say goodbye to mcdonald s right now答案解析：答案为b。本题考查文章的主题。结合第2题的分析可知，本文的主题是围绕麦当劳成为美国健康饮食广告的打击对象而展开，故答案为b。阅读理解 feel tired lately?has a doctor said he cant find anything wrong with you?perhaps he sends you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows there is nothing wrong with you. then,consider this:you might be in a state of sub-health(亚健康). sub-health,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as borderline state between health and disease. according to the investigation by the national organization,over 45 percent of sub-health people are middle-aged or elderly.the percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week. symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia(失眠),agitation, and poor memory.other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs. the key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly,and take part in open air activities. as for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.they should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elementsvitamins and trace elements(微量元素)that are important to the body. nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道).they also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.36.when you are in a state of sub-health,you should _.a.stay home and keep silentb.go to a doctor and buy some medicinec.not consider it very seriousd.find out the reasons and relax yourself提示:从全文可以看出，亚健康是身体对压力、疲劳的一种反应，即使最先进的仪器也查不出病因。所以不必去医院，也不必吃药，但是不能听之任之，不认真对待。正确的方法是找出原因、减轻压力、消除疲劳、平衡膳食。答案:d37.middle-aged people may be easy to get sub-health because _.a.they have used up their energyb.they have lost their living hopesc.they have more pressure in life and workd.they have changed their way of life提示:亚健康的起因与疲劳有关系，但不是已将体力用完，排除a项。b、d两项文章没涉及。根据常识和第四段最后一句，我们也能判断正确答案为c项。答案:c38.the key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is to _.a. keep on working regularly b. go to sleep a bit earlierc. form good living habits d. take medicine if necessary答案:c 文章倒数第三段第一句“is to form good living habits”39.the underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to _.a. arrange by turns b. cause to take placec. make up for d. keep away from答案:a 从文中可看出：形成好的生活习惯，要劳逸结合，即轮流工作与休息阅读理解。the pound new library of birmingham（lob）will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化）of everyday life.set to open in 2013, the 188 m lob is already beginning to tale shape next to the birmingham repertory theatre, with which it will share some equipment.as digital media（媒介）is important to its idea. the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.brian gambles, the lob project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning, “the aim is to mix the physical with the digital. providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. it is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”the digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.even before the lob is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the virtual（虚拟的）lob, designed by baden, the birmingham virtual worlds specialists. not only have the public been able to learn about lob, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the lob to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.two other small birmingham-based digital companies are working on the lob projects. substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls “enlarge reality” project. it is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the lob which is in the early stages of development is an online library of figures of the city being built by a digital content company in cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material. gambles says: “technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as sever before.”( ) 1. the underline part “its idea” in paragraph 3 refers to the idea of_. a. the equipment b. the projectc. the digital media d. the physical library( ) 2. while visiting the virtual lob, the public can_. a. get a general idea of the lobb. meet many world-famous expertsc. learn how to put up a library buildingd. understand how the specialists work on the project( ) 3. which of the following is true of the lob when it opens? a. it offers better learning toolsb. it reaches users in different waysc. it provides users with smart phoned. it allows users to enrich its materiale. it gives non-stop physical and digital servicesa. a, b, d b. a, c, e c. b, c, d d. b, d, e( ) 4. this text is most probably taken from .a. a put book b. a library guidec. a handbook d. a newspaper report【答案与解析】【要点综述】本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。文章报道了library of birmingham（伯明翰图书馆）将会投巨资改建成一个全新的数字化图书馆的事情。1b词义推断题。通过分析单词所在的这个句子，可知its（它的）指代的是主句中的主语“这个工程的”，its idea便是指the idea of the project。2a细节理解题。根据第6段第2句“not only have the public been able to learn about lob, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the lob to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.”可知答案为a。b、c、d说法均有误。3a细节理解题。根据第4段“it is about giving people the right tools for learning”， “which can be used through many different ways”及第7段“in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material”可知。4d推理判断题。文章首段便简明地概括了文章主题，全文体现较明显的及时性，这是新闻类文体的典型特征，据此可判断文章应来源于一篇新闻报道。阅读理解。for much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义) is largely a matter of economics: meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. even where meat is more plentiful, its still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage. in countries like the united states where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. parental preferences, religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. and lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism. different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. a true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. a lactoovo vegetarian eats dairy products (乳制品) and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. it follows, then, that a lacto vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products. a stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. some macrobiotic (养生的) diets fall into the vegan category. macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物). following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足) in some people. teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium. if youre interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet its a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian. he or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients. 1. the underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means _.a. there is usually a note beside the meat in a mealb. meat often attracts peoples attention in a mealc. meat is served only a small amount in a meald. meat should play an important part in a meal答案解析：答案为c。本题为语义理解题。结合划线句子前面的内容 “even where meat is more plentiful,